Nánjiàn Lǜchá (Nánjiàn lǜchá, 南涧绿茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa Nánjiàn Yí Autonomous County (南涧彝族自治县) wa Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, m’chigawo cha Yunnan. Zitsamba zimamera m’mapiri a Wuliangshan (无量山) ndi Ailaoshan (哀牢山) m’chigawo cha Nánjiàn, pamtunda wa 1700–2500 m. Tiyi amafotokozedwa motere: masamba owuma obiriwira kwambiri, fungo latsopano, loyera ndi lokhalitsa, madzi achikasu obiriwira owala, kukoma kokwanira komanso kofewa, ndi masamba osungunuka achikasu obiriwira ofewa. Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification No. 9351027, chomwe mwini wake ndi tea station ya county. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa zizindikiro ziwiri za tiyi za Nánjiàn ndipo ndi yokhayo mwa izi yomwe idapezeka kale m’ndandanda wa 2012; yachiwiri ndi red tea ya Nánjiàn Wuliangshan Hóngchá.
1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi
- Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosatenthedwa. Gulu limatchulidwa mu dzina la chizindikiro, ndipo kufotokozera kwa ukadaulo, kukhazikitsa, kupotoza, kuumitsa, ndi kobiriwira.
- Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mapiri a Yunnan; chizindikiro cha geographical certification ndi chizindikiro cha chigawo cha county.
- Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Yunnan (云南, Yúnnán), Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (大理, Dàlǐ), Nánjiàn Yí Autonomous County (南涧, Nánjiàn).
- Malo a chizindikiro: Mndandanda wa chigawo umatchula county ya Nánjiàn ngati malo oyendetsera mwini chizindikiro. Izi si malire ovomerezeka a malo; malamulo a chizindikiro ndi kufotokozera kwake sindinawone.
- Malo a geographical coordinates: Pakati pa county ndi pafupifupi 25.0° kumpoto ndi 100.5° kummawa.
2. Mbiri ndi Kufunika kwa Chikhalidwe
- Mbiri:
- Mizu ya ku Tang. Malinga ndi “Yunnan Daily” (2019), mbiri yolembedwa ya kulima tiyi m’mapiri a Wuliangshan imachokera ku nthawi ya Tang: buku la Tang “Mánshū” (蛮书) limafotokoza mmene mu ufumu wa Nánzhào (南诏) amalima ndi kumwa tiyi.
- “Nsonga ya kumwera.” Kufotokozera kwa tiyi pa portal ya “中国好绿茶地图” kumanena kuti mu nthawi ya Nánzhào mapiri a Wuliangshan adalandira dzina la “Nsonga ya kumwera” (南岳).
- Njira yamalonda. Malinga ndi zolemba za 2022, tiyi wa Nánjiàn amapita ku Tibet ndi mayiko a kumwera chakum’mawa kwa Asia kudzera pa njira yakale ya Tea-Horse Road.
- Chizindikiro. Chizindikiro cha geographical certification No. 9351027 pa katundu “tiyi” chili mu ndandanda wa Trademark Office wa 2012; mwini wake ndi tea station ya Nánjiàn Yí Autonomous County (南涧彝族自治县茶叶工作站). Chizindikirochi chidalembedwanso mu ndandanda wa chigawo cha geographical indications za Yunnan kuyambira 28 December 2019. Tsiku lenileni la kulembetsa silinapezeke m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
- Brand. “云南网” (2021) imatchula “南涧绿茶” ngati imodzi mwa zizindikiro zitatu za chigawo za county, pamodzi ndi “大理凤凰沱茶” ndi “无量高山茶”. Malinga ndi kufotokozera pa portal ya “中国好绿茶地图”, mu 2023 dzinali lidalowa m’ndandanda wa zizindikiro za chigawo.
- Dzina: 南涧 (Nánjiàn) ndi dzina la county; 绿茶 (lǜchá) ndi tiyi wobiriwira.
- Kufunika kwa chikhalidwe: Tiyi ndi imodzi mwa mafakitale akulu a county. Malinga ndi “Yunnan Daily” (2019), amalimidwa ndi mabanja 26,000 a alimi, m’county muli mabizinesi 56 a tiyi ndi mabungwe 35, ndipo mtengo wapachaka wa zinthu za mafakitale unafika pa 1 biliyoni yuan.
3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira
- Mtundu / Cultivar: M’magwero omwe adapezeka mtundu sunatchulidwe.
- Mitengo yakale: Malinga ndi “Yunnan Daily” (2019), m’county muli mitengo yakale ya tiyi yopitilira 30,000, ndipo deta idasonkhanitsidwa pa 11,700 mwa iyo; “云南网” (2021) imatchula mitengo yakale zana 37,000. Ziwerengerozi zimasiyana, ndipo magwero sakunena kuchuluka kwa zopangira za tiyi wobiriwira zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mitengo yakale.
- Mulingo wokolola: Kufotokozera pa portal ya “中国好绿茶地图” kumangonena za masamba ang’onoang’ono ofewa (幼嫩芽叶); sichinenedwe kuti ndi masamba angati amatengedwa pamodzi ndi mphukira.
- Nthawi yokolola: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima
- Chigawo: Mapiri a Wuliangshan ndi Ailaoshan m’chigawo cha county. County ili pamalire a Dali, Lincang ndi Pu’er; dera lake ndi pafupifupi 1.7 chikwi km².
- Kutalika kwa kumera: 1700–2500 m malinga ndi kufotokozera pa portal ya “中国好绿茶地图”; “Yunnan Daily” (2019) imatchula 1800–2500 m pa minda ya m’mapiri a county.
- Malo ndi chilengedwe: Kufotokozera komweko kumanena za malo ovuta, nyengo yosiyanasiyana ndi zomera zoyamba zosungidwa bwino za Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve.
- Nyengo: Chinyezi cha subtropical ndi nyengo yozizira yowuma. Pa likulu la county pamtunda wa 1377 m kutentha kwapakati ndi kuchokera pa 12.3 °C mu Januware mpaka 24.8 °C mu June, mvula pafupifupi 740 mm pachaka. Minda ili pamwamba, choncho ziwerengerozi ndi zongoyerekeza.
- Nthaka: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
- Minda: “Yunnan Daily” (2019) imatchula 110,000 mu ya minda yam’mapiri (1 mu ndi pafupifupi 667 m²), mwa iyo 31,000 mu ndi yotsimikizika ngati “yobiriwira” kapena organic. “云南网” (2021) imatchula 120,000 mu ya minda yam’mapiri ndi pafupifupi 72,000 mu yobiriwira ndi organic.
5. Ukadaulo Wopanga
Kufotokozera pa portal ya “中国好绿茶地图” kumatulutsa magawo atatu; palibe magawo omwe adapezeka m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
- Kukhazikitsa (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumayimitsa kutenthedwa ndi kusunga mtundu wobiriwira wa masamba.
- Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn): Masamba amalandira mawonekedwe, madzi amatuluka pamwamba.
- Kuumitsa (干燥, gānzào): Kumachotsa chinyezi ndi kukhazikitsa fungo.
Kuyanika kwakanthawi kochepa kusanachitike kukhazikitsa, komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri pa tiyi wobiriwira, sikutchulidwa m’kufotokozera; ngati kulipo kwenikweni, sikutheka kutsimikizira kuchokera m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic
Kufotokozera pansipa ndi kuchokera pa portal ya “中国好绿茶地图”; awa ndi magwero achiwiri.
- Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Obiriwira kwambiri, pafupifupi obiriwira wakuda (色泽墨绿); mawonekedwe a masamba sanafotokozedwe.
- Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
- Fungo la madzi: Latsopano, loyera ndi lokhalitsa (香气鲜纯持久).
- Kukoma: Kokwanira ndi kofewa (滋味浓醇).
- Mtundu wa madzi: Wachikasu wobiriwira ndi owala (汤色黄绿明亮).
- Masamba osungunuka: Achikasu obiriwira, ofanana ndi ofewa (叶底黄绿匀嫩).
7. Zopangidwa za Chemical
Palibe deta ya physicochemical ya tiyi wobiriwira wa chizindikiro m’magwero omwe adapezeka. “Yunnan Daily” (2019) imalemba za tiyi wa m’mapiri a Wuliangshan mwachinthu chonse: kuchotsa m’madzi nthawi zambiri kumapitirira 40 %, polyphenols nthawi zambiri amapitirira 30 %, amino acid amapitirira 3 %. Njira, chitsanzo ndi ngati akunena za zopangira kapena tiyi womalizidwa, nyuzipepalayo siyitchula, choncho ziwerengerozi sizikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa chizindikiro.
8. Kupanga
Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira.
- Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
- Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
- Zida: Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
- Njira:
- Tenthetsa zida.
- Ikani tiyi ndi kuthira madzi m’mphepete.
- Choyamba kuthira pakadutsa 40–60 masekondi.
- Imwani, kusiya gawo la madzi.
- Onjezerani madzi.
- Bwerezani kuthira kawiri kapena katatu.
9. Kusunga
Njira ya gulu. M’zotengera zotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.
10. Mtengo ndi Zabodza
Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
- Momwe mungapewere zabodza:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographical certification “南涧绿茶” (No. 9351027).
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa ku Nánjiàn County.
- Masamba owuma ndi obiriwira kwambiri, madzi ndi achikasu obiriwira ndi owala, masamba osungunuka ndi achikasu obiriwira ndi ofewa.
11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa
- Chizindikiro cha tiyi wobiriwira chili kale mu ndandanda wa Trademark Office wa 2012; chizindikiro cha tiyi wofiira ndidapeza kokha mu ndandanda wa 2019.
- Mwini chizindikiro si bungwe kapena kampani, koma tea station ya county.
- Minda ili m’mapiri awiri osiyana, Wuliangshan ndi Ailaoshan.
- “云南网” (2021) imalemba kuti county imapanga mitundu isanu ya tiyi, yobiriwira, pu’er, oolong, yofiira ndi yoyera, koma ili ndi chizindikiro chimodzi chokha cha tiyi wobiriwira.
12. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira wa ku Yunnan
- Nánjiàn Wuliangshan Hóngchá (南涧无量山红茶): Tiyi wofiira wa ku county yomweyo, chizindikiro chachiwiri cha tiyi cha Nánjiàn.
- Cāngshān Xuě Lǜ (苍山雪绿): Tiyi wobiriwira wopotoza wa Dali Prefecture, wopangidwa ku Xiaguan Tea Factory.
- Huílóng Lǜchá (回龙绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wam’mapiri wa Lianghe County kumadzulo kwa Yunnan.
Pomaliza:
Nánjiàn Lǜchá ndi tiyi wobiriwira wam’mapiri wa county yomwe minda imakwera pa 1700–2500 m m’mapiri a Wuliangshan ndi Ailaoshan. Chizindikiro chake chili m’ndandanda kuyambira 2012 ndipo ndi cha tea station ya county, ndipo kufotokozera kwake n’kofupikitsa komanso kokwanira: masamba obiriwira kwambiri, fungo latsopano lokhalitsa, madzi achikasu obiriwira owala, kukoma kokwanira kofewa. Mtundu, nthawi yokolola ndi magawo a ukadaulo sakutchulidwa m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
Magwero
Chizindikiro cha malo
Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero