Xiùshān máojiān · thetea.app

I-Xiushan Maojian (Xiùshān máojiān, 秀山毛尖) itiye eliluhlaza lase-Xiushan-Tujia-Miao Autonomous County (秀山土家族苗族自治县) eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Chongqing, livela ezingadini ezisezintabeni zase-Wuling. I-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office ilichaza njengetiye lendabuko lokugazinga ebhodweni lensimbi (炒青, chǎoqīng): ukusonteka okuqinile kunephunga elimnandi le-chestnut encane, ukukhanya okuphuzi-luhlaza okugqamile, ukunambitheka okusha nokuthambile. Kusukela ngomhla zingama-28 kuZibandlela 2018 igama livikelwe njengophawu lwesitifiketi sendawo, kanti ubuchwepheshe bokutshala nokukhiqiza, ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda, buyinto yamagugu angabonakali esezingeni ledolobha. Uhulumeni wase-Chongqing ubiza lesi sifunda ngesizinda setiye esikhulu kunazo zonke edolobheni, kanti i-Xiushan Maojian ingenye yemikhiqizo emithathu yesifunda yomphakathi yase-Chongqing. Akufanele ididaniswe ne-秀山茶叶 (Xiùshān cháyè, “itiye lase-Xiushan”): ngaphansi kwaleli gama itiye lesifunda elifanayo liqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo ngo-2025, ngokubhaliswa okuhlukile kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizo eziphikisana nezincazelo ezisemthethweni ze-Xiushan Maojian.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Angizange ngilibone idokhumenti yophawu enesigaba; isigaba sinqunywa ngobuchwepheshe kusuka ezincazelweni ezimbili ezisemthethweni. I-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office ibhala ukuthi itiye lenziwa ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko bokugazinga ebhodweni lensimbi (传统炒青工艺). Uhulumeni wesifunda ekhasini lamagugu angabonakali ubala izigaba: ukulungisa, ukusonteka, ukomisa kokuqala, ukomisa; asikho isigaba se-oxidation ohlwini, futhi ubiza ngqo i-Xiushan Maojian njengekhethekile phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza (为绿茶中的精品).
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza elisontekiwe lohlobo lwe-”maojian”; uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (2018).
Imvelaphi: I-China, idolobha elimaphakathi i-Chongqing (重庆, Chóngqìng), i-Xiushan-Tujia-Miao Autonomous County (秀山, Xiùshān).
Indawo: Angizange ngiwubone umngcele osemthethweni wendawo yophawu; imithombo ikhuluma ngezingadi zesifunda ezisezintabeni zase-Wuling. Izindawo eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe bendabuko uhulumeni wesifunda ubiza amadolobhana i-Hong’an (洪安镇) ne-Zhongling (钟灵镇) kanye nesigodi i-Haiyang (海洋乡). Indawo yegama elingumakhelwane i-秀山茶叶 - izigodi namadolobhana angu-11, izigodi eziyikhulu neshumi nane - zibekwe ezidingweni zayo zokuvikela futhi azihlobene nophawu lwe-秀山毛尖.
Isimo sokuvikelwa: I-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office ibala i-秀山毛尖 njengesibonakaliso sendawo kusukela ngomhla zingama-28 kuZibandlela 2018 futhi igcina ikhadi layo esigabeni sezimpawu ezihlanganyelwe nezesitifiketi. Uhlobo lokuvikelwa lucaciswa umbiko wephephandaba i-”Chongqing Daily” (2023), oprintwe kabusha yikomidi lezolimo lase-Chongqing: ngo-2018 i-”秀山毛尖” njengophawu lomphakathi lwetiye lase-Xiushan yabhaliswa njengophawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (地理标志证明商标). Angizange ngiyithole inombolo yophawu kanye nomnikazi; ukuthi ukubhaliswa kusasebenza manje angikaze ngikubheke. Ukushicilelwa kukahulumeni wase-Chongqing (2022) endimeni yetiye kukhuluma ngezimpawu ezimbili zendawo esifundeni phakathi kwezimpawu ze-”两品一标”, ngaphandle kokuzibiza; ukushicilelwa okufanayo kubiza ngokwehlukile isibonakaliso sendawo sezolimo i-秀山金银花 (2010), ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukubala zombili lezi zimpawu njengezetiye kulo mbhalo.
Ubudlelwano ne-秀山茶叶: Leli elinye igama elivikelwe, hhayi igama lesibili lophawu olufanayo. I-China National Intellectual Property Administration ngesimemezelo № 640 (esingomhla ziyi-16 kuNtulikazi 2025, esishicilelwe ngomhla ziyi-13 kuNcwaba 2025) yaqashela i-秀山茶叶 njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo; umfakisicelo - isikhungo sezinsiza zezobuchwepheshe bezolimo sesifunda (秀山土家族苗族自治县农业技术服务中心). Izidingo zokuvikela i-秀山茶叶 zichaza umkhiqizo ngendlela ehlukile kunezincazelo ezisemthethweni ze-Xiushan Maojian: izinhlobo i-福鼎大毫 ne-蜀永1号, izingadi kusuka ku-700 m, impahla eluhlaza - okungenani amaphesenti angama-70 amahlumela asentwasahlobo “iqabunga elilodwa namahlumela amabili”, ukomisa emshinini wokomisa (烘干). Izincazelo ezisemthethweni ze-Xiushan Maojian zikhuluma ngamahlumela noma ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa noma amabili, izihlahla ezineminyaka eyikhulu zohlobo lwamaqabunga amancane ase-Sichuan kanye nebhodwe lensimbi, kanti i-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office ikhuluma ngezingadi ezingaphezu kuka-800 m. Imithetho yokusebenzisa uphawu lwe-秀山毛尖, lapho kufakwa khona izidingo zomkhiqizo ngaphansi kophawu, angizange ngiyibone, ngakho ukuqhathanisa kuhamba ngezincazelo ze-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office kanye nesifunda, hhayi ngedokhumenti yophawu. I-”Chongqing Daily” ibiza i-秀山毛尖 ngophawu lomphakathi lwetiye lase-Xiushan, kodwa akusho ukuthi uphawu lwango-2018 kanye nesibonakaliso sango-2025 zivikela umkhiqizo ofanayo. Ukuthi umnikazi wophawu lwe-秀山毛尖 uyafana nomfakisicelo we-秀山茶叶, akukwazi ukutholwa emithonjeni etholakele.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-28.4° N no-109.0° E (isikhungo sesifunda). Yomibili imithombo ibeka i-Xiushan “ebhandeni letiye legolide le-30th parallel”; isifunda siseningizimu, ngakho lokhu kuyisiqubulo kunokuba kube yisixhumanisi.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Umlando wangaphambili. I-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office ibeka i-Xiushan emaphethelweni “巴山峡川” - “izintaba zase-Ba kanye nemifula emincane”, okukhulunywa ngazo ku-”Tea Canon” (《茶经》). Ngokwencazelo yayo, ezingadini ezisele kubabusi bofuzo abangama-tusi (土司) base-Xiushan, izihlahla zetiye ezineminyaka engamakhulu amaningi zisakhula kuze kube namuhla.
- Amareferensi asendulo endaweni. Ngokwekhasi lesifunda lamagugu angabonakali, ngesikhathi se-Eastern Han, ngeminyaka ye-Jian’an, izindawo zase-Xiushan zaziyingxenye eseningizimu yesifunda sase-Fuling (涪陵郡), futhi i-”Huayangguo zhi” (《华阳国志》) ibhala ukuthi lesi sifunda sasikhiqiza itiye, i-cinnabar, indlela yokulungisa, uju kanye ne-wax. Kusukela ekupheleni kwe-Ming - ekuqaleni kwe-Qing itiye, ngokwekhasi, laliwumkhiqizo oyinhloko wokushintshisana phakathi kwe-Xiushan nomakhelwane. Lokhu kungumlando ojwayelekile wetiye lase-Xiushan, hhayi igama le-Xiushan Maojian.
- Intela enkantolo - izindlela ezimbili. Ngokombiko kahulumeni wase-Chongqing (2022), ekupheleni kwe-Ming - ekuqaleni kwe-Qing amatiye ase-Xiushan 猛董茶, 民主茶 kanye ne-尖山茶 afakwa ohlwini lwamatiye entela. Ukushicilelwa kuka-2017 kuwebhusayithi ye-China Radio International (ukuphrintwa kabusha kwephephandaba i-”Jingji Ribao”) ngokwamazwi ekomidi lezolimo lesifunda kubiza isikhathi esihlukile negama elihlukile: ekupheleni kwe-Qing intela kwakuyi-猛洞茶, futhi kwakukhona isisho esithi “idowuli lerayisi ngesilinganiso setiye” (斗米换斤茶). Ukuthi iyiphi indlela enembile, akunakunqunywa emithonjeni etholakele. Uhulumeni wesifunda ekhasini lamagugu angabonakali usekela usuku lwakamuva lwe-Qing, kodwa akalibizi igama letiye.
- 2015. Isifunda saqala ukuthuthukisa itiye ngezinga elikhulu ngohlelo “inkampani ecubungulayo kanye nesizinda kanye nemindeni yabalimi”.
- 2018. I-Xiushan yaba ngeyokuqala e-Chongqing ukwethula uxhaso lwetiye lasehlobo-ekwindla: ngaphambilini iqabunga lasehlobo nelasekwindla, ngokwamazwi okushicilelwa, lalingavunwa futhi lingacutshungulwa. Ngawo lowo nyaka isifunda sakha isizinda sokubonisa setiye lokuthumela ngaphandle, kwathi ngomhla zingama-28 kuZibandlela i-Xiushan Maojian yaba yisibonakaliso sendawo.
- 2021. Isifunda sathola isicoco sikazwelonke “sendawo enhle yetiye enezici zesifunda”; isifunda kanye ne-Xiushan Maojian bakleliswa ohlwini lwe-”zifunda eziyikhulu, amatiye ayikhulu nabantu abayikhulu” base-China.
- Amagugu angabonakali. Esizindalwezini sesifunda “Ubuciko bokutshala nokukhiqiza i-Xiushan Maojian” (秀山毛尖栽培与制作技艺) bubhalwe njengento yamagugu angabonakali esezingeni ledolobha. Unyaka wokufakwa awubhalwanga lapho.
Igama: 秀山 (Xiùshān) - igama lesifunda; 毛尖 (máojiān) - “amathiphu anoboya”, igama elijwayelekile lamatiye aluhlaza asontekiwe avela emahlumeleni amancane anoboya.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Isifunda sakha ukukhangisa ngendlela “isibonakaliso sendawo kanye nophawu lwenkampani”: i-Xiushan Maojian yigama elijwayelekile, ngaphansi kwalo okuphuma amagama ezinkampani zendawo. Uhulumeni wase-Chongqing ubiza ingenye yemikhiqizo emithathu yesifunda yomphakathi yedolobha.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza

Izinhlobo / Cultivar: Uhulumeni wesifunda ubiza impahla eluhlaza engcono kakhulu ye-Xiushan Maojian ngeqabunga lezihlahla zohlobo lwamaqabunga amancane ase-Sichuan (川小叶种, chuān xiǎoyè zhǒng) ezineminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu. Ngomkhakha wetiye wesifunda jikelele ukushicilelwa kuka-2017 kubhala ukuthi izihlahla ezindala zamaqabunga amancane ase-Sichuan (川小叶) zavuselelwa futhi kwethulwa izinhlobo i-福鼎大白茶, 黄金茶 kanye ne-金观音. Uhulumeni wase-Chongqing (2022) ukhuluma ngezindawo zokutshala “izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe zetiye zase-Wuling” (武陵山良种茶叶繁育场), kodwa akazibizi izinhlobo. Izidingo zokuvikela igama elingumakhelwane i-秀山茶叶 zibeka izinhlobo ezahlukile - i-福鼎大毫 ne-蜀永1号.
Impahla eluhlaza: Amahlumela (芽头) - kubhala kanjalo i-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office, ibala umphumela wetiye (isigaba 12). Uhulumeni wesifunda uchaza impahla eluhlaza yendabuko kabanzi: amahlumela akhethiwe “ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa” noma “ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili” (一叶一芽, 两叶一芽).
Ukuvuna: Isikhathi sokuvuna itiye esifundeni, ngokombiko kahulumeni wase-Chongqing, sithatha kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Okthoba, cishe izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Nge-Xiushan Maojian yendabuko uhulumeni wesifunda ubiza isikhathi esiseduze nezinkathi ze-Qingming ne-Guyu (清明, 谷雨), okungukuthi cishe u-Ephreli.
Izinga lokuvuna: Angizange ngiwubone umqulu ojwayelekile wophawu onezinga lokuvuna. Izincazelo ezimbili ziyehluka: kwi-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office - amahlumela, kuhulumeni wesifunda - ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa noma amabili.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Izintaba zase-Wuling eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Chongqing.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ngaphezu kuka-800 m - ngokwencazelo ye-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office. Uhulumeni wesifunda ubhala ngokuhlukile: izingadi zendabuko zisezindaweni eziphansi neziphakathi, ekuphakameni kwe-500-800 m. Ngegama elingumakhelwane i-秀山茶叶 izidingo zokuvikela zibeka ukuphakama kusuka ku-700 m.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokwencazelo ye-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office, ebusika nasentwasahlobo kunenkungu eningi, ehlobo nasekwindla kunamafu (冬春多雾，夏秋多云); izingadi ziqhelelene nedolobha.
Umhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Ihlathi kanye netiye: Uhulumeni wesifunda uchaza uhlelo olumisiwe lapho itiye likhula kanye nehlathi (林-茶复合农业生态系统): ngenhla kwezingadi kunehlathi, ngezansi kukhona amasimu, imifula kanye nezigodi. Ngokwekhasi, ihlathi ligcina umswakama wezingadi, kanti amasimu awanikeza ukudla.
Indawo yezingadi: Ngokwemininingwane kahulumeni wase-Chongqing (2022), esifundeni kunama-mu angu-183,000 ezingadi zetiye. Kukhona futhi izinkampani ezingama-44 zokucubungula itiye kanye nama-cooperative angama-66.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

I-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office ichaza isigaba esibalulekile kanje: iqabunga elivuniwe lifakwa ebhodweni lensimbi elikhulu elishisayo futhi ligazingwe kancane ngomlilo ophansi, kanti umenzi uliphendula ngezandla zombili, “ngathi yi-taijiquan”, ukuze iqabunga ngalinye lishise ngokulinganayo. Lo mjikelezo uphindwa kabili noma kathathu. Imingcele - amazinga okushisa, isikhathi, umswakama - umthombo awuyinikezi.

Uhulumeni wesifunda ekhasini lamagugu angabonakali ubala izigaba zobuchwepheshe bendabuko:

Ukuhlunga ngezisefo (筛分, shāifēn).
Ukunaba kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng).
Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukuphola (摊凉, tānliáng).
Ukusonteka kokuqala (初揉, chūróu).
Ukomisa kokuqala (烘二青, hōng èrqīng).
Ukusonteka okuphindwayo (复揉, fùróu).
Ukuhlukanisa izigaxa (解块, jiěkuài).
Ukubumba (做形, zuòxíng).
Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).

Imishini eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe bendabuko, ngokwekhasi elifanayo, yibhodwe lensimbi elibaswa ngezinkuni (柴火铁锅).

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Izincazelo ezimbili ezisemthethweni - ze-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office kanye nohulumeni wesifunda - cishe ziyefana:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonteka okuqinile (条索紧密) - ku-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office. Uhulumeni wesifunda: iqabunga eliminyene nelilinganayo (紧结匀整) lombala omusha ophilayo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka (色泽鲜润翠绿).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga elimnandi le-chestnut encane (嫩栗香显) - ku-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office, emshweni owodwa nokubukeka kweqabunga elomile.
Iphunga lokudonswa: Uhulumeni wesifunda: iphunga eliphakeme, elide futhi elimsulwa, elinethoni eqinile ye-chestnut (香气高长纯正、栗香高). Ukuthi leli phunga lingeleqabunga elomile noma elelokudonswa, akucaciswanga lapho.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuthambile, okumnandi futhi okubushelelezi (鲜醇甘滑) - kubhala kanjalo yomibili imithombo.
Umbala wokudonswa: Ophuzi-luhlaza, ogqamile (黄绿明亮) - kubhala kanjalo yomibili imithombo.
Iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe: Lihlaza okotshani, lilingana (嫩绿均匀); uhulumeni wesifunda wengeza ukuthi liyacwebezela (明亮).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

I-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office inikeza ingxenye ye-tea polyphenols, kodwa ngaphandle kwendlela, isisekelo sokubala kanye nesampula, futhi inombolo ngokwayo ayihambisani namavelu ajwayelekile etiye eliluhlaza. Angiyidluliseli. Eminye imininingwane ye-physicochemical ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Imikhawulo evela ezidingweni zokuvikela igama elingumakhelwane i-秀山茶叶 (izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini 38.0-50.0%, ama-polyphenols 13.0-24.0%, ama-amino acid 1.8-4.5%, i-caffeine 1.8-4.0%) yakhelwe lowo mkhiqizo futhi ayihlobene nophawu lwe-秀山毛尖.

8. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80-85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa izitsha.
2. Faka itiye futhi uthele amanzi odongeni.
3. Ukuphuza kokuqala - ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40-60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yokuphuza.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0-5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngamanani emithonjeni etholakele. Uhulumeni wase-Chongqing ubhala ukuthi itiye lase-Xiushan “lihle futhi alibizi” nokuthi isifunda kanye neminyaka benza itiye ngoku-oda kwamanye amagama.

Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu lwesibonakaliso sendawo “秀山毛尖” emaphaketheni.
- Ungalididanisi nophawu lomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo “秀山茶叶”: leli elinye igama elivikelwe elinezidingo zalo.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni sase-Xiushan.
- Iqabunga - ukusonteka okuqinile, iphunga - le-chestnut encane, ukudonswa - okuphuzi-luhlaza nokugqamile.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ku-1 jin (500 g) wetiye elomile, ngokubala kwe-Chongqing Intellectual Property Office, kusetshenziswa amahlumela angaba ngu-50,000 - inani elifanayo umvuni ancisha ngalo ihlumela.
Ezindondweni uhulumeni wase-Chongqing (2022) ubiza indondo ekhethekile yegolide yomncintiswano we-”Zhongcha bei” (中茶杯).
Umbiko we-”Chongqing Daily” (2023) kuwebhusayithi yekomidi lezolimo lase-Chongqing uletha isiteketiso sesifunda - “unyawo olulodwa ezifundazweni ezintathu” (一脚踏三省).

12. Ukuqhathanisa Namatiye Ahlobene

Itiye lase-Xiushan (秀山茶叶, Xiùshān cháyè): Igama elivikelwe elingumakhelwane lesifunda esifanayo - umkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo kusukela ngo-2025. Izidingo zokuvikela zichaza itiye eliluhlaza elisontekiwe elivela emahlumeleni asentwasahlobo “ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili”, elomiswe emshinini wokomisa: ukusonteka okuncane okunamathiphu abukhali nokucwebezela okuphuzi-luhlaza, iphunga elimsulwa eliqinile, ukunambitheka okusha okuvuselelayo, ukudonswa okuphuzi-luhlaza nokugqamile.
Guzhang Maojian (古丈毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Guzhang e-Xiangxi-Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture yase-Hunan - nalo livela ezintabeni zase-Wuling.
Xinyang Maojian (信阳毛尖): I-Maojian yase-Henan, elinye lamatiye amakhulu aluhlaza ase-China.
Duyun Maojian (都匀毛尖): I-maojian edumile yase-Guizhou.
Yongchuan Xiuya (永川秀芽): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza elidume kakhulu lase-Chongqing.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Xiushan Maojian itiye eliluhlaza eligazingwe ebhodweni lensimbi lezintaba zase-Wuling eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Chongqing: ukusonteka okuqinile, iphunga le-chestnut encane, ukudonswa okuphuzi-luhlaza kanye nokunambitheka okusha nokuthambile. Ngemuva kwalo kunesizinda setiye esikhulu kunazo zonke edolobheni, uphawu lwesitifiketi lwango-2018, ubuciko obuqashelwa njengamagugu angabonakali, kanye nesiko lemithombo eliyiphakamisela ematiyeni entela enkathi yakamuva yombuso, nakuba ehlukana ngezinsuku namagama. Igama elingumakhelwane i-秀山茶叶 - ukubhaliswa okuhlukile kwango-2025 ngezidingo ezahlukile, hhayi igama lesibili laleli tiye.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

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