Xiùshān cháyè

I-Xiushan Chaye (Xiùshān cháyè, 秀山茶叶) — “itiye laseXiushan”, itiye eliluhlaza eligoqiwe lase-Xiushan-Tujia-Miao Autonomous County (秀山土家族苗族自治县) eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Chongqing, ezintabeni zase-Wulingshan (武陵山). Ngaphansi kwaleli gama, i-China National Intellectual Property Administration ngokumenyezelwa No. 640 (kusayinwe 16 July 2025, kwashicilelwa 13 August 2025) yaliqaphela njengomkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo. Izidingo zokuvikela zichaza ukugoqeka okuncane okuqinile okunamakhanda acijile nokucwebezela okuphuzi nokuluhlaza, iphunga elihlanzekile eliqinile kanye nokunambitheka okusha nokuqabulayo. Igama elihlobene elivikelwe lesifunda esifanayo — i-Xiushan Maojian (秀山毛尖, 2018) — akufanele lididaniswe nalokhu: lezi yizibhaliso ezahlukene ezinezidingo ezahlukene.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isigaba silandela ubuchwepheshe obusezidingweni zokuvikela: ukulungisa, ukugoqa kanye nokomisa, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation noma ukubiliswa. Incazelo yezikhathi ze-agricultural indication nayo ibiza itiye laseXiushan njengelikhethekile phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza (绿茶中的精品).
• Igama: 秀山 (Xiùshān) — igama lesifunda, 茶叶 (cháyè) — “iqabunga letiye”, okungukuthi nje “itiye”. Igama alisho isigaba.
• Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza eligoqiwe; umkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo (2025).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, i-Chongqing municipality (重庆, Chóngqìng), i-Xiushan-Tujia-Miao Autonomous County (秀山, Xiùshān).
• Indawo evikelwe: 11 yamadolobhana namadolobha esifunda, kuwo 109 yezigodi zokuphatha. Amadolobhana — 钟灵镇, 隘口镇, 洪安镇, 峨溶镇, 清溪场镇, 雅江镇, 溪口镇 kanye ne-涌洞镇; izifunda — 孝溪乡, 中平乡 kanye ne-海洋乡.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: 108°43′6″–109°18′58″ E kanye no-28°9′43″–28°53′5″ N — imingcele yendawo ngokwezidingo zokuvikela.
• Umfakisicelo: Isikhungo sezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe bezolimo sesifunda (秀山土家族苗族自治县农业技术服务中心).

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Izinkomba zasendulo zendawo. Uhulumeni wesifunda ubeka i-Xiushan endaweni “巴山峡川”, ekhulunywa nge-”Canon of Tea” (《茶经》) ka-Lu Yu, futhi phakathi neminyaka ye-Jian’an ye-Eastern Han — emngceleni oseningizimu we-Fuling Commandery (涪陵郡); ngaye “Huayangguo Zhi” (《华阳国志》) ubhala ukuthi isifunda sasikhiqiza itiye, i-cinnabar, i-lacquer, uju kanye ne-wax. Lona umlando wendawo, hhayi wegama.
  • I-Ming ne-Qing. Ngokusho kukahulumeni wesifunda, kusukela ngasekupheleni kwe-Ming — ekuqaleni kwe-Qing itiye laba yimpahla ebalulekile yokuhwebelana phakathi kwe-Xiushan nezwe langaphandle, futhi nge-Qing yakamuva — intela eya enkantolo. Umbhalo wentela awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Inganekwane yomlomo. Incazelo yezikhathi ze-agricultural indication ilandisa izindaba zabalimi abadala: amatiye ezigodi ezintathu — “猛洞茶”, “平邑茶” kanye ne-”尖山茶” — ekupheleni kwe-Qing nasekuqaleni kweRiphabhuliki kuthiwa abhekwa njengawentela, futhi kwakukhona isisho esithi “isilinganiso selayisi ngejin yamatiye” (斗米换斤茶). Lena indaba yomlomo yabantu asebekhulile, hhayi umbhalo.
  • I-agricultural indication. Ngokwaleyo ncazelo yesibili, igama phambilini lalibhaliswe njenge-agricultural geographical indication (农产品地理标志). Unyaka walokhu kubhaliswa awuqinisekisiwe emithonjeni etholakele.
  • 2025. Ukumenyezelwa No. 640 kwe-China National Intellectual Property Administration kwaqaphela imikhiqizo enezinkombandlela zendawo engu-1409. I-Xiushan Chaye — indawo 1203: imininingwane ngayo isesithasiselweni sokuqala, izidingo zokuvikela — kusesibili.
• Igama elingumakhelwane: Ngokusho kwe-Chongqing Intellectual Property Administration, i-Xiushan Maojian yaba yi-geographical indication ngomhla ka-28 December 2018 — lokhu ukubhaliswa okuhlukile (isigaba 13).
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Uhulumeni wesifunda uchaza uhlelo lapho itiye likhula kanye nehlathi (林-茶复合农业生态系统): phezulu kunezingadi, ngezansi amasimu, imifula nezigodi. Ukutshala kanye nokwenza i-Xiushan Maojian engumakhelwane, ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda, kuyinto yamagugu angaphatheki ezingeni ledolobha; izindawo zayo eziyinhloko — amadolobhana aseHong’an naseZhonglin kanye nesifunda saseHaiyang — zingaphakathi kwendawo ye-Xiushan Chaye.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

• Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivars: Izidingo zokuvikela zibiza izinhlobo ezimbili — 福鼎大毫 (Fúdǐng dàháo) kanye ne-蜀永1号 (Shǔyǒng 1 hào). Nge-Xiushan Maojian yendabuko uhulumeni wesifunda ubiza izihlahla eziyikhulu zohlobo lwamahlamvu amancane aseSichuan (川小叶种, chuān xiǎoyè zhǒng) njengezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingcono kakhulu; lokhu akuhlangani nezidingo ze-Xiushan Chaye.
• Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Okungenani amaphesenti angama-70 ezinto zokusetshenziswa — amahlumela asentwasahlobo “i-bud namahlamvu amabili”; ku-”bud neqabunga” kanye “bud namahlamvu amathathu” kungaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-30.
• Ukuvuna: Ngesandla, ngamaqoqo.
• Isikhathi sokuvuna: Intwasahlobo; izinsuku eziqondile azikho ezidingweni.

4. I-Terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

• Isifunda: Izintaba zase-Wulingshan emngceleni oseningizimu-mpumalanga we-Chongqing. Ngokwencazelo yezikhathi ze-agricultural indication, indawo inezingxenye ezine futhi inemingcele ne-Huayuan County (花垣) yesifundazwe saseHunan, i-Songtao (松桃) ne-Youyang (酉阳) County.
• Ukuphakama kokutshala: Kusukela ku-700 m — ngokwezidingo zokuvikela. Uhulumeni wesifunda ubeka izingadi zendabuko ku-500-800 m, incazelo yezikhathi ze-agricultural indication — ngaphezu kwe-800 m.
• Inhlabathi: Ephuzi nebomvu, ene-asidi encane — ngokwezidingo zokuvikela.
• Isimo sezulu: Ngokwencazelo yezikhathi ze-agricultural indication, ebusika nasentwasahlobo kunezinkungu eziningi, ehlobo nasekwindla kuguqubele (冬春多雾，夏秋多云).
• Indawo kanye nomkhiqizo: Incazelo yezikhathi ze-agricultural indication ibiza 6666.7 ha yendawo evikelwe kanye no-6000 t wamahlamvu amasha ngonyaka. Lezi zibalo aziqinisekisiwe yizidingo zika-2025.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ukulandelana ngokwezidingo zokuvikela:

1. Ukunwetshwa kweqabunga elisha (摊青, tānqīng): Iqabunga linwetshwa ngongqimba lwe-3-10 cm futhi linyakaziswa njalo ngemizuzu engama-30.
2. Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation. Amapharamitha ezinombolo awekho ezidingweni.
3. Ukugoqa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ingxenye yamahlamvu agoqiwe — amaphesenti angama-90, imvuthuluka — ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ama-2.
4. Ukomisa emshinini wokomisa (烘干, hōnggān): Kabili: ukomisa kokuqala — kuze kube umswakama wama-35-40 %, ukuphinda — kuze kube 15-20 %. Umswakama wokugcina wetiye eliphelele awushiwongo ezidingweni.

6. Izici ze-organoleptic

Incazelo engezansi — ngokwezidingo zokuvikela; incazelo efanayo nayo ikhona embhalweni wezikhathi ze-agricultural indication.

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Ukugoqeka okuncane okuqinile okunamakhanda acijile (条索紧细、有锋苗), okuphuzi nokuluhlaza, ngokucwebezela (色泽黄绿润).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga lokuphisa: Ihlanzekile futhi iqinile (清香持久).
• Ukunambitheka: Okusha nokuqabulayo (滋味鲜爽).
• Umbala wokuphisa: Ophuzi nokuluhlaza, okhanyayo (汤色黄绿明亮).
• Iqabunga letiye elingaphansi (iqabunga eligoqiwe): Eliphuzi nokuluhlaza, elicwebezelayo, elithambile futhi elilinganayo (叶底黄绿亮、嫩匀).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Imikhawulo ye-physicochemical ngokwezidingo zokuvikela:

Inkomba	Inani
Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilikayo emanzini	38.0–50.0 %
Ama-polyphenol etiye	13.0–24.0 %
Ama-amino acid	1.8–4.5 %
I-caffeine	1.8–4.0 %

Imikhawulo efanayo ikhona encazelweni yezikhathi ze-agricultural indication. Lezi yizindinganiso zomkhiqizo, hhayi izilinganiso zeqoqo elithile.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi ekhanyayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fujundisa isitsha.
  2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
  3. Ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40-60.
  4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yokuphisa.
  5. Thela amanzi futhi.
  6. Ukuphisa kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ekupakisheni okuvaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye nephunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

• Ukwakugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
  • Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwe-geographical indication. Isicelo sokulusebenzisa sihamba ngehhovisi lezobuchwepheshe besifunda, sihlolwa yi-Chongqing Administration, sigunyazwa yi-National Administration; izinhlu zabakhiqizi abavunyelwe azizange zihlolwe.
  • Qiniseka ukuthi itiye lenziwe kwelinye lamadolobhana namadolobha angu-11 endawo.
  • Iqabunga — ukugoqeka okuncane okunamakhanda acijile nokucwebezela okuphuzi nokuluhlaza, ukuphisa — okuphuzi nokuluhlaza futhi okukhanyayo.
  • Ungadidani “秀山茶叶” kanye “秀山毛尖”: lawa ngamagama ahlukene avikelwe, futhi uphawu lwolunye aluthathi indawo yolunye.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• Esifundeni esisodwa kunamagama etiye amabili avikelwe: i-Xiushan Maojian (2018) kanye ne-Xiushan Chaye (2025). Ngokohlobo, ukuphakama kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa, izincazelo zazo ziyehluka.
• Ingxenye eyodwa yendawo ibizwa ngegama elihlukile: encazelweni yezikhathi ze-agricultural indication — njengesifunda (涌洞乡), ezidingweni zika-2025 — njengedolobhana (涌洞镇).

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye

• I-Xiushan Maojian (秀山毛尖): Igama elingumakhelwane elivikelwe lesifunda esifanayo (2018): ukugazingwa ebhodweni, uhlobo lwamahlamvu amancane aseSichuan, iphunga le-castnut encane. I-Xiushan Chaye inezinhlobo ezimbili zesimanje kanye nokomisa emshinini wokomisa.
• I-Guzhang Maojian (古丈毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza le-Guzhang County e-Xiangxi-Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture yase-Hunan — nalo livela ezintabeni zase-Wulingshan, ngaphesheya komngcele wesifundazwe.
• I-Nanchuan Lvcha (南川绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza le-Nanchuan District ye-Chongqing efanayo.
• I-Yongchuan Xiuya (永川秀芽): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza elaziwayo lase-Chongqing.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Xiushan Chaye itiye eliluhlaza laseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Chongqing, elathola igama elilula “itiye laseXiushan” kanye nezidingo ezinemininingwane: amadolobhana namadolobha angu-11, izinhlobo ezimbili, izingadi kusukela ku-700 m, amahlumela asentwasahlobo “i-bud namahlamvu amabili”, ukugoqeka okuphuzi nokuluhlaza okuncane kanye nephunga elihlanzekile eliqinile. Njengomkhiqizo ovikelwe igama lavela ngo-2025 futhi lihlala eduze kophawu lwe-Xiushan Maojian, okulula ukuludida nalo.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

• CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo