I-Siapu Yuanxiao Cha (Xiápǔ yuánxiāo chá, 霞浦元宵茶) — itiye lesifunda sase-Siapu (霞浦县) esifundeni sikaMasipala wase-Ningde ogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Fujian, lisuselwa kuhlobo olufanayo lwetiye olukhula ngokushesha kakhulu. «I-Yuanxiao» — uMkhosi Wamalambu, usuku lwe-15 enyangeni yokuqala yonyaka wenyanga: onyakeni ovamile ukuvunwa kuqala ngosuku olulodwa noma amabili ngaphambi noma ngemva komkhosi, kanti ngonyaka oselushe kuthiwa kuqala kakade ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu lonyaka omusha. Igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sokuma kwendawo. Incazelo yophawu — iqabunga eliluhlaza netiye eliphuzi-ngokuqhakazile — ihambisana netiye eliluhlaza, kodwa angizange ngilbone idokhumenti enesigaba somkhiqizo.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Akunakamiswanga ngedokhumenti yophawu. Incazelo yophawu — iqabunga elomile eliluhlaza, ukumnika okuphuzi-ngokuqhakazile, isisekelo setiye esikhanyayo esinamahlumela abonakalayo — ihambisana netiye eliluhlaza, kodwa isigaba asikashiwongo emibhalweni etholakele, kanti igama «霞浦元宵茶» liphinde lisebenze njengegama lohlobo lwesihlahla setiye. Ngakho-ke isigaba asishiwo lapha.
- Isigaba: Uhlobo olukhula ngokushesha kakhulu kanye netiye elisuselwa kulo; uphawu lwesitifiketi sokuma kwendawo (2012).
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), uMasipala wase-Ningde (宁德, Níngdé), isifunda sase-Siapu (霞浦县, Xiápǔ Xiàn). Indawo ngokwencwadi yophawu — izigodi eziyishumi nantathu, amadolobhana kanye namakomidi emigwaqo esifunda, okuhlanganisa i-Changchun (长春), i-Yacheng (牙城) ne-Xinan (溪南). Uhlu lwezifundazwe lwezimpawu lukhomba isifunda njengobunikazi bomgcini wophawu.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda sase-Siapu — cishe u-26.9° enyakatho kanye no-120.0° empumalanga.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- 1981 — uhlobo. Ihhovisi lezindaba zetiye lesifunda sase-Siapu (霞浦县茶业局) lakhiqiza uhlobo ngokukhetha isitshalo esisodwa (单株选种) kusuka emphakathini wendawo othi «春分茶» womzana wase-Houxiling (后溪岭村) esigodini sase-Chongru (崇儒乡).
- 2012 — uphawu. Igama labhaliswa njengophawu lwesitifiketi sokuma kwendawo — ngokubhaliswa okubili, № 10430782 kanye no-№ 10430783.
- 2015 — ikhathalogu. Itiye langena kukhathalogu kazwelonke wase-China othi «名特优新» wemikhiqizo yezolimo.
- Namuhla. Uhlu lwesifundazwe sase-Fujian lwangomhla zingama-30 kuJuni 2026 lubala kokubili ukubhaliswa njengokusasebenza.
- Umlando wangaphambilini womphakathi othi «春分茶» kanye nendlela yohlobo kusukela ekukhethweni kuya ekwamukelweni akuchazwanga emibhalweni etholakele.
- Igama:
- «I-Siapu» (霞浦) — ngokwezwi nezwi «ugweme lwasekuseni». Ngokomlando wesifunda, isifunda saqanjwa ngomfula i-Siapu, amanzi awo ekukhanyeni kwelanga eliphumayo abonakala enombala wokuntwela kokusa.
- «I-Yuanxiao» (元宵) — uMkhosi Wamalambu, usuku lwe-15 enyangeni yokuqala yonyaka wenyanga.
- «春分茶» — igama lomphakathi wangempela, ngokwezwi nezwi «itiye lokulingana kwentwasahlobo».
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Uhlobo luhlanganisa itiye nekhalenda: ukuvunwa kulo kuqala ngesikhathi soMkhosi Wamalambu, izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15 ngaphambi kohlobo oludumile lwase-Fujian oluthi 福云6号.
3. Incazelo Yesitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa
- Uhlobo / Icultivar: Isiapu Yuanxiao Cha — isihlahla, esinamaqabunga aphakathi; isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo, isihlahla esivuleke kancane, amagatsha aminyene, amaqabunga abekwe ngokuvundlile. Iqabunga lide-eli-elliptical, liluhlaza, licwebezela, linendawo ekhuphuke kancane, umphetho ogobekile kancane kanye nengqimba ecwasile kancane; linamandla futhi lithambile. Ihlumela elincane liphuzi-luhlaza, linoboya obuminyene. Amahlumela ayikhulu «ihlumela namaqabunga amathathu» asinda amagremu angu-41.
- Ukuvunwa: Onyakeni ovamile ukuvunwa kuqala ngosuku olulodwa noma amabili ngaphambi noma ngemva koMkhosi Wamalambu; ngonyaka oselushe kuthiwa kuqala kakade ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu lonyaka omusha. Lokhu kungaphambi kwezinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15 kohlobo 福云6号.
- Izinga lokuvuna: Alikashiwongo emibhalweni etholakele yophawu.
- Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Uhlobo 霞浦元宵茶, imvelaphi evela ezingxenyeni eziyishumi nantathu zendawo.
4. Umhlaba Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Isifunda esisogwini enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Fujian, ogwini olusenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Taiwan Strait; ngokwemithombo yolwazi, ubude bogu lwesifunda buyi-480 km, ubude obude kunawo wonke phakathi kwezifunda namadolobha asogwini esifundazweni.
- Ukuphakama kanye nomhlabathi: Akukho datha emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isimo sezulu: Akukho datha elinganisiwe yezivande zetiye emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izici: Ukuvunwa okushesha kakhulu — kuyisici sohlobo, hhayi kuphela indawo (bheka isigaba 3).
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Imithetho yokucubungula ayichazwanga emibhalweni etholakele yophawu. Incazelo yophawu ikhuluma ngeqabunga eliluhlaza nokumnika okuphuzi-ngokuqhakazile, okuhambisana netiye eliluhlaza. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza, hhayi incazelo yalomkhiqizo: ukubeka iqabunga elisha, ukuqinisa, ukusonga noma ukubumba, ukomisa.
6. Izici Zokwahlulela Ngemizwa
Ngokwencazelo yophawu, ephetha ngefomula ethi «umbala, iphunga elimnandi, ukunambitheka kanye nokuma — konke kuhle» (色香味形俱佳):
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kunesimo esihle, kuluhlaza (外形优美、色绿).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
- Iphunga lokumnika: Linothile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香气浓郁持久).
- Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile futhi kuminyene (滋味醇厚).
- Umbala wokumnika: Kuphuzi-ngokuqhakazile (汤色黄亮).
- Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elinikeziwe): Sikhanyayo, sinamahlumela abonakalayo (叶底明亮显芽).
7. Ukwakheka Kwemichilo
Akukho ukuhlaziywa emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphisa Isiphuzo
Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza, okuhambisana nencazelo yophawu.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3 kubukhulu obungu-150 ml.
- Isitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
- Inqubo:
- Ukushisisa isitsha.
- Ukubeka itiye.
- Ukuthela amanzi amancane, ukuvumela iqabunga ukuvuleka imizuzwana engama-20–30.
- Ukwengeza amanzi; ukumnika kokuqala — imizuzu emi-1–2.
- Ukuphuza, ushiya ingxenye yokumnika.
- Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu ukuthela.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Esigodlweni esivalekile, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga angaphandle; itiye lasentwasahlobo lihlonishwa ngobusha balo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuliphuza phakathi nesizini.
10. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi
Akukho datha ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Ukubheka uphawu lokuma kwendawo othi «霞浦元宵茶».
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni sase-Siapu.
- Ukukhumbula ukuthi «元宵» egameni yigama lohlobo nophawu, elixhumene nendawo yase-Siapu, hhayi nje ukukhomba ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Eminyakeni yasekuqaleni ukuvunwa kuqala ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu lonyaka omusha.
- Uhlobo lukhula izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15 ngaphambi kwe-福云6号.
- Umphakathi wangempela wawubizwa ngokuthi «春分茶» — «itiye lokulingana kwentwasahlobo».
- Uphawu lunokubhaliswa okubili — № 10430782 no-№ 10430783.
12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye asekuqaleni
- I-Wuniu Zao (乌牛早): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Zhejiang lasekuqaleni, futhi elihlonishwa ngokuvunwa kwalo kokuqala kwentwasahlobo.
- I-Tianshan Lü Cha (天山绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lomasipala ofanayo wase-Ningde, lisuka ezintabeni zase-Tianshan.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Siapu Yuanxiao Cha — itiye eliqanjwe ngomkhosi futhi lidume ngesikhathi: amahlumela alo alungele uMkhosi Wamalambu, kanti ngonyaka oselushe ngokushesha ngemva koNyaka Omusha. Uhlobo lukhethwe ngo-1981 kusuka emphakathini wendawo othi «春分茶», uphawu lwatholakala ngo-2012. Incazelo yophawu ikhuluma ngeqabunga eliluhlaza, ukumnika okuphuzi-ngokuqhakazile kanye nephunga elimnandi elihlala isikhathi eside; okubalulekile ngaleli tiye yisikhathi sokuqala.