Wèng'ān báichá · thetea.app

I-Weng’an Baicha (Wèng’ān báichá, 瓮安白茶) wuphawu lwezwe lokuqinisekisa indawo yase-Weng’an County (瓮安县) e-Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture maphakathi nesifundazwe sase-Guizhou. Igama lihunyushwa ngokuthi “itiye elimhlophe lase-Weng’an”, kodwa ukuthi yiliphi itiye elimele ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba, imibhalo etholakele ayikusho: uhlelo lwesifunda lwango-2021 lubala phakathi kwemikhiqizo yesifunda kokubili “老白茶” kanye “白茶” kanye “名优绿茶”, okusho ukuthi lapha benza kokubili itiye elimhlophe langempela kanye netiye eliluhlaza. Ngokwesifinyezo sesifundazwe, uphawu lwavunywa ngomhla ka-7 Juni 2018. Ngo-2020, isifunda safaka isicelo segama elifanayo lokubhaliswa kwezolimo lwe-geographical indication.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Akunqunywanga. Igama elithi “Baicha” (白茶) alifakazeli uhlobo: izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga akhanyayo zikhiqiza itiye eliluhlaza, njengase-Anji Baicha noma e-Zheng’an Baicha enyakatho yesifundazwe esifanayo. Kodwa e-Weng’an kukhona netiye elimhlophe langempela, uhlelo lwango-2021 lubiza “老白茶”, itiye elimhlophe eligugile. Angizange ngiwubone umbhalo onobuchwepheshe noma incazelo yomkhiqizo wophawu, ngakho angilunikezi uhlobo.
Isigaba: Uphawu lwezindawo lokuqinisekisa (证明商标, zhèngmíng shāngbiāo) lwesifunda; isicelo sokubhaliswa kwezolimo lwe-geographical indication (2020).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guizhou (贵州, Guìzhōu), i-Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (黔南, Qiánnán), i-Weng’an County (瓮安, Wèng’ān).
Indawo yophawu: Isifinyezo sesifundazwe sikhomba i-Weng’an County njengendawo yomnikazi; umngcele wezomthetho wendawo yophawu angiwuphicisanga.
Indawo ngokwesicelo sango-2020: Amadolobhana ayishumi (猴场镇, 江界河镇, 银盏镇, 珠藏镇, 中坪镇, 平定营镇, 永和镇, 玉山镇, 天文镇, 建中镇), indawo yasemakhaya yase-Languan (岚关乡) kanye nezindawo ezimbili zasemadolobheni, i-Yongyang (雍阳街道) kanye ne-Wengshui (瓮水街道), sezizonke izigodi zokuphatha ezingama-90. Lena yimingcele yesicelo, hhayi indawo ebhalisiwe.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Ngokwesicelo, 107°07′–107°42′ E kanye no-26°53′–27°29′ N.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Imininingwane yokuqala. Iwebhusayithi eyinkomba ngemikhiqizo yendawo, icaphuna “Umlando Wezolimo Wase-Weng’an” (瓮安农业志), ithi ngo-1944 isifunda sakhiqiza amathani angu-9.5 etiye nokuthi lapha ikakhulukazi kulinywa itiye eliluhlaza.
- 2018, uphawu. Ngokwesifinyezo sazo zonke izimpawu zendawo zase-Guizhou, esifakwe esazisweni sehhovisi lesifundazwe lempahla yobuhlakani somhla ka-22 Agasti 2022, uphawu “瓮安白茶” lwavunywa ngomhla ka-7 Juni 2018; umnikazi, ihhovisi lesifunda lokuthuthukisa imboni yetiye (瓮安县茶产业发展办公室). Isifinyezo asisiniki izinombolo zophawu. Ngonyaka ofanayo, ngomhla ka-28 Okthoba, kuqoshwe uphawu lwesibili lwesifunda, “瓮安黄金芽”, nomnikazi walo, i-Weng’an County Huangjinya Tea Industry Association.
- 2020, isicelo sokubhaliswa kwezolimo. Ngomhla ka-8 Septhemba, ihhovisi lesifunda lezolimo lamemezela ukwamukelwa kwesicelo sokubhaliswa kwe-”瓮安白茶” njengomkhiqizo wezolimo one-geographical indication. Umfakisicelo, isikhungo sesifunda sokuthuthukisa imboni yetiye (瓮安县茶产业发展中心). Isikhathi sokuphikisa, izinsuku ezingama-30, kuze kube umhla ka-8 Okthoba 2020.
- 2021, uhlelo. Uhlelo lwesifunda lokuthuthukisa imboni yetiye lwango-2021 lubeka imigomo “yokusebenzisa izimpawu 瓮安白茶 kanye 瓮安黄金芽” kanye “nokwakha” i-geographical indication kazwelonke ye-瓮安白茶, okusho ukuthi entwasahlobo ka-2021 ukubhaliswa kwakungakenzeki. Ukuthi isicelo saphela kanjani, emithonjeni etholakele akukho.
Igama: “Weng’an” (瓮安) yigama lesifunda; “baicha” (白茶) kusho “itiye elimhlophe”. Ukuthi kubhekiselwa kumbala weqabunga noma kusigaba, ngaphandle kombhalo wophawu akunakushiwo.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Uphawu oluyinhloko lwesifunda akulona itiye elimhlophe. Uhlelo lwango-2021 lugxile emkhiqizweni “瓮安欧标茶”, itiye lase-Weng’an elitshalwe ngokwezimiso zaseYurophu, ngaphansi kwegama le-Duyun Maojian. Itiye elimhlophe kulolo hlelo luwumugqa ohlukile: edolobhaneni lase-Jianzhong (建中镇) kuhlelwa ipaki letiye elimhlophe (建中白茶园区) elinefemu yokucubungula.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Emithonjeni etholakele alubizwanga. Ukuthi e-Weng’an kumila uhlobo olunamaqabunga amhlophe i-白叶一号, njengase-Zheng’an, imibhalo ayisho.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Akukho datha emithonjeni etholakele.
Indinganiso yokukha: Akukho datha emithonjeni etholakele.
Isikhathi sokukha: Akukho datha emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Maphakathi nesifundazwe sase-Guizhou. Ngokwewebhusayithi eyinkomba ngemikhiqizo yendawo, indawo inezintaba, kuvame amafu nenkungu, isimo sezulu singesase-subtropical esinomswakama we-monsoon, imvula iningi, futhi imvula ifika ngenkathi efudumele yonyaka.
Inhlabathi: Ngokwalo mthombo, ikakhulukazi inhlabathi ephuzi (黄壤), eyakhelwe phezu kwetshe lesihlabathi kanye ne-slate, ene-asidi encane.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Akukho datha emithonjeni etholakele.
Isilinganiso ngokwesicelo sango-2020: 4333.34 hectare, umkhiqizo wonyaka ongamathani angu-325, inani lonyaka lomkhiqizo elizigidi ezingama-422.5 yuan. Indlela yokubala ayinikezwanga esicelweni.
Izivande zetiye zesifunda sezizonke: Uhlelo lwango-2021 lubeka umgomo wokugcina izivande ezingama-208.1 izinkulungwane ze-mu (i-mu engu-1 icishe ibe ngu-667 m²), kuzo ezingama-192 izinkulungwane ze-mu ezithelayo, nokwandisa izivande ezihambisana nezimiso zaseYurophu zifinyelele ku-120 izinkulungwane ze-mu. Izivande eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi ze-mu noma ngaphezulu uhlelo luzibiza ezindaweni eziyisithupha zasemakhaya, emadolobhaneni nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni, phakathi kwazo i-Languan, i-Jianzhong kanye ne-Wengshui. Lezi izinombolo eziyimigomo yohlelo, hhayi umphumela.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubuciko bomkhiqizo wophawu kanye nemingcele yabo emithonjeni etholakele abukho. Uhlobo alunqunywanga, ngakho ngezansi kunezinhlelo ezimbili ezijwayelekile, okukhetha phakathi kwazo umbhalo wophawu, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye.

Uma kuyitiye elimhlophe ngokwesigaba: ukomisa ngomoya (萎凋, wěidiāo), isikhathi eside, kuze kube ulahlekelwa ingxenye enkulu yomswakama, ngaphandle kokulungisa nokusonga; bese kuba ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).
Uma kuyitiye eliluhlaza elivela ohlotsheni olunamaqabunga akhanyayo: ukusakaza iqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng), ukulungisa ukufudumala (杀青, shāqīng), ukubumba noma ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn) kanye nokomisa (干燥, gānzào).

Uhlelo lwango-2021 luchaza ukuhlonyiswa kwefemu e-Jianzhong ngemigqa emine: “红茶(老白茶)”, itiye elicindezelwe, “名优茶” kanye netiye eliningi. Umugqa wetiye elibomvu umakwe kubakaki ngegama “老白茶”; ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini kubuciko, umbhalo awukuchazi.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lotshwala: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Ukunambitheka: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Umbala wotshwala: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Akukho datha ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Ukwenziwa kwesigaba, imingcele incike ekutheni yiliphi itiye eliphansi kwaleli gama ezandleni zakho.

Okuluhlaza okuvela ohlotsheni olunamaqabunga akhanyayo: 75–80 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml, ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe, ukumnika kokuqala ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60, ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.
Okumhlophe: 85–95 °C, 4–5 g ku-150 ml, i-gaiwan noma i-teapot ye-porcelain, ukumnika kokuqala cishe umzuzu owodwa, bese kuqhubeka nokuphisa okuningana ngokunwetshwa.

9. Ukugcina

Ukwenziwa kwesigaba. Itiye eliluhlaza, emigqonyeni evaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga, liphuzwe phakathi nonyaka. Elimhlophe, emaphaketheni aminyene endaweni eyomile emnyama ekamelweni lokushisa, kude namaphunga; ngokuvamile ligcinwa ngisho iminyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi

Akukho datha ngamanani emithonjeni etholakele.

Indlela yokugwema umgunyathi:
- Funa uphawu lokuqinisekisa “瓮安白茶”.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela e-Weng’an County.
- Ungadidanisi ne-Zheng’an Baicha (正安白茶) evela e-Zheng’an County yesifundazwe esifanayo: amagama ahluke ngohlamvu olulodwa, kanti itiye lase-Zheng’an linendawo yalo kanye nesifunda salo.
- Ungadidanisi nophawu lwesibili lwesifunda, i-”瓮安黄金芽”: lelo elinye igama.
- Buza uhlobo: igama alisho ukuthi itiye limhlophe noma liluhlaza, kodwa lokho kuncike ekuphiseni nasekugcinweni.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ngonyaka owodwa ka-2018, isifunda sathola izimpawu ezimbili ezinamagama “anemibala”, “elimhlophe” (瓮安白茶) kanye “negolide” (瓮安黄金芽).
Umnikazi wophawu kanye nomfakisicelo we-geographical indication yezolimo kubizwa ngokuhlukile emibhalweni: “ihhovisi” (办公室) kanye “nesikhungo” (中心) sokuthuthukisa imboni yetiye yesifunda.
Uhlelo lwango-2021 lubala izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zomkhiqizo wesifunda, itiye elimhlophe eligugile, elibomvu, “黄金饼”, itiye elimnyama elicindezelwe i-fuzhuan (茯砖), “黄金芽”, elimhlophe kanye neliluhlaza, ngenhloso ehlangene engaphezu kwamathani angama-700.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye

I-Zheng’an Baicha (正安白茶): Itiye eliluhlaza elivela ohlotsheni olunamaqabunga amhlophe i-白叶一号 yase-Zheng’an County enyakatho ye-Guizhou; uhlobo lwayo lunqunywe ngombhalo we-geographical indication, kanti igama lase-Weng’an alinakho.
I-Anji Baicha (安吉白茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Zhejiang elivela kohlobo olufanayo olunamaqabunga amhlophe, okuyisona sibonelo sawo wonke amatiye aluhlaza “amhlophe”.
I-Fuding Baicha (福鼎白茶): Itiye elimhlophe langempela lase-Fujian, ngokuqhathanisa: ukomisa ngomoya nokomisa ngaphandle kokulungisa.
I-Duyun Maojian (都匀毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyinhloko le-Qiannan Prefecture; ngaphansi kwegama layo i-Weng’an ikhangisa umkhiqizo wayo oyinhloko.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Weng’an Baicha yigama okwamanje okubonakala ngemuva kwalo imibhalo, kodwa hhayi itiye. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uphawu lwavunywa ngo-2018, ukuthi ngo-2020 isifunda safaka isicelo se-geographical indication yezolimo ngendawo eqondile yezigodi ezingama-90, nokuthi esifundeni benza kokubili itiye elimhlophe eligugile kanye netiye eliluhlaza. Izinhlobo, ubuciko kanye nokubukeka emithonjeni etholakele akubizwa, ngakho lapho uthenga itiye ngaphansi kwaleli gama, okokuqala kufanele wazi ukuthi limhlophe noma liluhlaza.