Wànghǎi chá

Wànghǎi Chá (Wànghǎi chá, 望海茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mapiri wa m’boma la Ninhai (宁海县), m’chigawo cha mzinda Ningbo, provinsi ya Zhejiang. Dzinali linachokera ku phiri la Wanghaigang (望海岗) lomwe limatanthauza “phiri lomwe anthu amayang’anira nyanja”: malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya boma, kuchokera pamenepo anthu amatha kuona nyanja ya Xiangshan Bay. Tiyi ameneyu anapangidwa mu 1980, ndipo mu 2004 analowa m’gulu la tiyi khumi otchuka a Zhejiang ndipo amadziwika ndi “zobiriwira zitatu” (三绿): masamba owuma obiriwira kwambiri, madzi a tiyi obiriwira bwino, ndi masamba obiriwira ofewa pansi pa chikho. Kuyambira mu 2016, dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification; malinga ndi provincial database, makampani 30 ndi omwe aloledwa kuligwiritsa ntchito.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá). Mafotokozedwe amati ndi wobiriwira; pokonza kumakhala kukhazikitsa, kupota, kuwongola, ndi kuumitsa, popanda okosijeni kapena kuphika kwa nthawi yaitali.
• Gulu: Tiyi wamapiri wodziwika; gulu la tiyi khumi otchuka a Zhejiang (2004); chizindikiro cha geographical certification (2016).
• Chiyambi: China, provinsi ya Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), chigawo cha mzinda Ningbo (宁波, Níngbō), boma la Ninhai (宁海, Nínghǎi). Kwawo kwa tiyi ndi mudzi wa Wanghaigang m’tauni ya Shenzhen (深甽镇) kumadzulo kwa boma, pafupi ndi malire ndi boma la Xinchang; malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya boma (2018), masamba a Wànghǎi Chá tsopano amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera m’boma lonse.
• Dera la chizindikiro: Provincial database ya geographical indications imati boma la Ninhai ndi dera la mwiniwake; malire enieni azamalamulo sindinafufuze.
• Malo: Pafupifupi 29.3° kumpoto ndi 121.4° kummawa (boma).

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

• Mbiri:
  • Mbiri ya Song. “Jiading Chicheng zhi” (嘉定赤城志), pofotokoza za nyumba za amonke za boma la Ninhai, imati: nyumba ya amonke ya Baoyan (宝严院) pamtunda wa li 92 kumpoto kwa likulu la boma poyamba inkatchedwa “Phiri la Tiyi” (茶山) ndipo inamangidwa m’zaka za Baoyuan; malinga ndi nthano, poyambitsa nyumbayi mmonke wovala zoyera anabzala mitengo ya tiyi paphiripo, motero tiyi anali wochuluka kwambiri pamenepo. M’zaka za Zhiping, monke Zongbian (宗辩) anatenga tiyi ameneyu kupita naye ku likulu ndi kupereka kwa Cai Xiang (蔡襄); Cai Xiang anamuona kuti ndi woposa tiyi wa Rizhu (其品在日铸上) ndipo anapempha kuti nyumba ya amonkepo ipatsidwe dzina lamakono. M’gawo la zinthu zamtundu, mbiri yomweyo imatchula “Phiri la Tiyi” la Ninhai ngati limodzi mwa malo a tiyi wamtengo wapatali wa chigawocho.
  • Kulumikizana ndi Wànghǎi Chá, malinga ndi boma. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya boma (2018), mu 1980 akatswiri a zaulimi a boma, kuti atsitsimutse “tiyi wa Phiri la Tiyi” wa mbiri yakale, anayesa kupanga tiyi wodziwika m’mudzi wa Wanghaigang ndipo analandira kilogalamu 0.9 zoyamba; posakhalitsa tiyi wokhala ndi fungo la mtedza wachinyamata anautcha “Wànghǎi Chá”. Mu 2007, pamsonkhano ku Hangzhou, boma linatsimikiza kuti lili ndi mbiri ya tiyi ya “zaka chikwi”, ndipo pa Phiri la Tiyi anaimika chipilala cha kukumbukira tiyi (茶事碑). Uku ndiko kutsatirana komwe boma limanena; Wànghǎi Chá yemweyo ndi tiyi wa 1980.
  • Zaka za m’ma 1980. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala yomweyo, tiyi uja kwa zaka zitatu motsatizana anapatsidwa udindo wa tiyi wodziwika wa provinsi wa gulu loyamba.
  • 1999. Boma linakhazikitsa pulogalamu ya mtundu umodzi: Wànghǎi Chá anakhala dzina lofanana la tiyi wa boma lonse, ndipo kuyang’anira mtunduwo kunaperekedwa kwa bungwe la chiyanjano cha tiyi cha boma. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa pulogalamuyi pali mulingo wa dera la Ningbo wotchedwa “望海茶” - kuyambira mbewu mpaka kukonza.
  • 2002–2004. Bungwe la chiyanjano linapereka pempho la chizindikiro cha malonda cha “望海茶” mu August 2002; kulembetsa kunachitika mu March 2004.
  • 2004. Gulu la tiyi khumi otchuka a Zhejiang (浙江省十大名茶).
  • 2015–2016. Pempho la chizindikiro cha geographical certification linaperekedwa pa 1 June 2015, kulembetsa pa 14 July 2016, nambala 17083666, gulu 30. Mwiniwake ndi bungwe la chiyanjano cha tiyi cha boma la Ninhai (宁海县茶业协会). Nyuzipepala ya boma imati chizindikirocho chinalandiridwa mu 2017; izi zikusemphana ndi registry.
• Ulemu: Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya boma (2018), kuyambira 1999 pali mphoto ndi ulemu woposa 100, mwa zina “中华文化名茶”, “浙江名牌产品” ndi chizindikiro chodziwika cha malonda cha Zhejiang.
• Dzina: 望 amatanthauza “kuyang’ana kutali”, 海 amatanthauza “nyanja”. Wanghaigang, malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya boma, ndi limodzi mwa mapiri atali kwambiri a boma; phiri linapatsa dzina mudzi, ndipo mudzi unapatsa dzina tiyi.
• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Mudzi wa Wanghaigang, malinga ndi nyuzipepala yomweyo, ndi “mudzi wa ntchito” (工分村) wotsiriza ku Zhejiang komanso mudzi wachitsanzo wa pulogalamu ya “mudzi umodzi - chinthu chimodzi” (一村一品).

3. Kufotokozera Zomera ndi Masamba

• Mtundu / Cultivar: Mitundu yeniyeni sinatchulidwe m’mabuku omwe tapeza. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya boma, boma likusintha minda yobzalidwa ndi njere kupita ku mitundu yobzalidwa ndi clones (无性系良种); kuchuluka kwawo ndi koposa 60%.
• Mulingo wa kusonkhanitsa: Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe, makamaka thumba limodzi ndi tsamba loyamba lotulukira (一芽一叶初展) ndi thumba limodzi ndi tsamba. Nyuzipepala ya boma imatchula lamulo la “zosatola zitatu” (三不采): osatola masamba anyowa ndi mvula, masamba okhala ndi tizilombo, ndi mphukira zofiirira.
• Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa 2017, kuyambira sabata pambuyo pa Qingming (清明) mpaka 10 May.

4. Malo Ndi Mphamvu Zake Zokulira

• Dera: Malinga ndi zolemba, boma lili pagombe lakum’mawa kwa Zhejiang, pakati pa Xiangshan Bay ndi Sanmen Bay, pomwe mapiri a Tiantai ndi Siming amakumana; kumadzulo limadutsa malire ndi maboma a Xinchang ndi Tiantai. Malowa ndi “zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri za mapiri, imodzi ya madzi, ziwiri za minda” (七山一水二分田). Mwamba wa Wanghaigang, malinga ndi mapu, ndi 931 m.
• Malo okulira: Minda makamaka ili pamwamba pa 900 m.
• Nyengo: Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe, minda ili m’mitambo ndi m’chifunga. Palibe data ya nyengo yomwe inapezeka.
• Dothi: Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa 2017, makamaka dothi lofiira ndi lofiira lachikaso; pamwamba pa 600 m pamapezeka dothi la “phulusa” (香灰土) ndi la “mchenga wakuda” (乌沙土) lokhala ndi chonde chachilengedwe.
• Kukula: Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya boma (2018), mu 1980 Wànghǎi Chá ankangopangidwa kuchokera ku ma mu 200 a minda ya Wanghaigang, koma tsopano masamba amachokera m’boma lonse; boma lili ndi ma mu 55,000 a minda ya tiyi, ndipo mtengo wa zokolola udakwera kuchokera ku yuan 21.34 miliyoni mu 1999 kufika pa 300 miliyoni mu 2017.

5. Tekinoloji Yopangira

Mafotokozedwe amapereka ndondomeko yotsatirayi; kuwongola kumawonjezedwa ndi nyuzipepala ya boma (2025). Palibe miyeso yomwe inapezeka, ndipo sindinaone malemba a mulingo.

1. Kuyala masamba atsopano (摊放, tānfàng).
2. Kukhazikitsa (杀青, shāqīng).
3. Kuziziritsa (摊凉, tānliáng).
4. Kupota (揉捻, róuniǎn).
5. Kuwongola (理条, lǐtiáo): kumapereka mawonekedwe owongoka ndi oonda.
6. Kuumitsa koyamba (初烘, chūhōng).
7. Kuziziritsa kwachiwiri (摊凉, tānliáng).
8. Kuumitsa komaliza (足烘, zúhōng).
9. Kusefa (筛, shāi).

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva ndi Kuona

Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a 2015–2017; zowonjezera za nyuzipepala ya boma zalembedwa.

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mizere yopyapyala, yolimba, yowongoka (条索细紧、挺直), yobiriwira, yokhala ndi timvere tambiri (色泽绿翠显毫); malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya boma, yobiriwira ngati emerald (翠绿).
• Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera komwe kunapezeka.
• Fungo la madzi: Lalitali komanso lokhalitsa, lokhala ndi fungo la mtedza wachinyamata (香高持久，并有嫩栗香). Mafotokozedwe satchula ngati ndi la masamba owuma kapena madzi; monga mwachizolowezi cha kuyesa, limeneli ndi fungo la madzi.
• Kukoma: Kwatsopano, kofewa, kotsitsimula (鲜醇爽口).
• Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira mofewa, woyera komanso wowala (嫩绿清澈明亮); malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya boma, wobiriwira bwino (清绿).
• Masamba pansi pa chikho: Wobiriwira mofewa, wowala komanso wofanana (嫩绿明亮匀齐).

7. Zomwe Zili M’kati

Palibe deta ya physical-chemical yomwe inapezeka.

8. Kupanga Tiyi

Njira yodziwika bwino ya tiyi wobiriwira.

• Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
• Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
• Chidebe: Kapu yagalasi, momwe masamba owongoka amawonekera.
• Ndondomeko:
  1. Tenthetsa kapu.
  2. Ikani tiyi, nyowetsani ndi madzi ochepa.
  3. Onjezani madzi; chakumwa choyamba pambuyo pa masekondi 40–60.
  4. Imwani, kusiya gawo lina la madzi.
  5. Onjezani madzi.
  6. Bwerezani kuthira kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira yodziwika bwino. M’chidebe chotsekedwa bwino, m’firiji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi, ndi fungo; ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

10. Mitengo ndi Zonama

Palibe mitengo ya Wànghǎi Chá yomwe inapezeka. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya boma (2018), mtengo wapakati wa tiyi wodziwika wa boma unakwera kuchokera ku yuan 190 pa kilogalamu mu 1999 kufika pa 800 yuan.

• Momwe mungapewere zonama:
  • Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographical certification cha “望海茶” (nambala 17083666); malinga ndi provincial database, makampani 30 ndi omwe aloledwa.
  • Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya boma, tiyi wokhala ndi dzinali amayesedwa pa malo oyika m’paketi a bungwe la chiyanjano: kumeneko amasankha gulu ndikuyesa zotsalira za mankhwala ndi zitsulo zolemera, ndipo makampani amalandira chizindikiro chawo pafupi ndi chofanana.
  • Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wochokera m’boma la Ninhai.
  • Masamba ndi oonda, owongoka, obiriwira, okhala ndi timvere; madzi ndi obiriwira mofewa; masamba pansi pa chikho ndi obiriwira mofewa.
• Chikhalidwe cha chizindikiro: Mu registry ya 2026, chizindikirocho chinalembedwa kuti chinali cholembetsedwa pa tsiku la gwero; provincial database idasungidwa mpaka 2019, ndipo ngati chizindikirocho chikugwirabe ntchito tsopano sichinatsimikizidwe.

11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

• Gawo loyamba la 1980 linali lolemera kilogalamu 0.9.
• Kutamandidwa kwakale kwambiri kwa tiyi wa malo awa komwe kunapezeka ndi kuyezetsa kwa Cai Xiang, yemwe anaika tiyi wa Ninhai pamwamba pa tiyi wa Rizhu.
• Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya boma, Wànghǎi Chá anakhala mtundu woyamba wa tiyi ku Zhejiang wokhala ndi dongosolo la chizindikiro cha kampani, lomwe linapangidwa ndi akatswiri a yunivesite ya Ningbo.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena

• Dafo Longjing (大佛龙井): Tiyi wosalala wa boma loyandikana la Xinchang, pafupi ndi malire ndi Wanghaigang; Wànghǎi Chá alibe masamba osalala, koma oonda ndi owongoka.
• Tiantai Mountain Yunwu Tea (天台山云雾茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wamapiri wa boma loyandikana la Tiantai, wochokera m’mapiri a Tiantai omwewo.
• Cangnan Cuilong Tea (苍南翠龙茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa kumwera kwa Zhejiang wochokera ku minda ya pafupifupi 400 m, yotsika kwambiri kuposa minda ya Wànghǎi Chá.

Pomaliza:

Wànghǎi Chá ndi tiyi wobiriwira wamapiri wochokera pamwamba pa 900 m, kuchokera ku phiri lomwe anthu amayang’anira nyanja: masamba oonda owongoka okhala ndi timvere, fungo la mtedza wachinyamata, kukoma kwatsopano kofewa, ndi “zobiriwira zitatu”. Kumbuyo kwake kuli mbiri ya nyimbo ya Song yonena za “Phiri la Tiyi”, lomwe boma limaitcha mbiri yake, mudzi wa “ntchito” wa Wanghaigang, pulogalamu ya mtundu umodzi ya 1999, ndi chizindikiro cha 2016. Uwu ndi tiyi wa kapu yagalasi.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

• CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №17083666

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero