Qījìng chá

I-Qijing Cha (Qījìng chá, 七境茶) itiye eliluhlaza eligoshiwe laseLuo Yuan County (罗源县) ngaphansi kukamasipala waseFuzhou, esifundazweni saseFujian; ngokuchazayo, “itiye lama-jing ayisikhombisa”. Igama elithi “jing” (境, jìng) lapha lalibiza iqembu lamadolobhana: ama-jing ayisikhombisa endaweni yaseXi Lan (西兰) ngokuhlanganyela akha ithempeli, elaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Qijing Tang (七境堂), futhi itiye laqanjwa ngalo. Uphawu lwetiye “amachashazi okugazinga” (爆点, bàodiǎn) emiculweni eqinile egobile, umkhondo wokugazinga okusheshayo ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi kusukela ngo-2012, uphawu lwendawo yezolimo kusukela ngo-2014, futhi ngo-2025 laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo ohlelweni olulodwa lweNational Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), eligoshiwe — i-chaoqing (炒青, chǎoqīng). I-”Great Dictionary of Chinese Tea” (《中国茶叶大辞典》) ecashunwe kumagazini wesifundazwe ilichaza ngokuthi “itiye eliluhlaza eligoshiwe eliyi-strip”.
• Isigaba: Itiye lomlando lesifunda elinezinqubo ezintathu zokuvikela: uphawu (2012), uphawu lwezolimo (2014), umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2025).
• Amanye amagama: I-Qijing Tang lǜchá (七境堂绿茶); ngokwejwayelekile “i-Luo Yuan green” (罗源绿); ngokomlando “i-Luo Yuan tips” (罗源尖子, Luóyuán jiānzi); kukhona “i-Yuanming lǜ” (元明绿).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), umasipala waseFuzhou (福州, Fúzhōu), i-Luo Yuan County (罗源, Luóyuán).
• Indawo yokuvikela: Ngokuchazwa kophawu lwezolimo — ama-jing amadala ayisikhombisa (amadolobhana angu-21) kanye nokwandiswa komakhelwane. Ingqikithi — izifunda zaseBai Ta, Xi Lan, Huo Kou kanye nedolobhana laseFei Zhu; isewonke izifunda namadolobhana angu-11, amadolobhana okuphatha angu-152.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: I-Luo Yuan County — 26°23′–26°39′ N, 119°07′–119°54′ E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • 782 unyaka. Ngokwe-”Luo Yuan County Chronicle”, ngesikhathi sikaTang lapha kwase kunentela yetiye.
  • Ukuphela kweSong. Ngokwesiko, isikhulu u-Song Bin (宋滨) ngemva kokuwa kobukhosi bacasha eXi Lan futhi wancenga abalimi bama-jing ayisikhombisa ukuthi bandise amasimu.
  • 1417 no-1485. Ngokomagazini i-”Yanhuang Zongheng” (2018), ngo-1417 kwakhiwa itempeli lokuqala lokukhumbula u-Song Bin, kwabe sekwakhiwa amanye ayisithupha, kwathi ngo-1485 izakhamuzi zama-jing ayisikhombisa ngemali eqoqiwe zakha ithempeli laseTai Shan phakathi kwazo — i-Qijing Tang.
  • Inkathi ye-Ming. Ngokuchazwa kophawu, ngeminyaka yeChongzhen itiye lalinikelwa enkantolo. I-eseyi ku-”Guangming Daily” (2016) icaphuna ifomula ye-Ming ethi “itiye lase-Luo Yuan liyilona lokuqala” (罗源茶品第一); itiye laliya ezitolo zase-Beijing nase-Tianjin.
  • Inkathi ye-Qing. Ngokwe-eseyi efanayo, ngesikhathi sikaGuangxu amakhilogremu ayisikhombisa abiza kufika kumashumi ayisikhombisa ezinhlamvu zesiliva — cishe ngo-15% ngaphezulu kwamanye amatiye aluhlaza.
  • Ukuphela kwawo-1940. Ngokwencwadi yendawo ka-2013, ngenxa yempi itiye lacishe lanyamalala; igama elithi “Qijing lǜ” lasala kuphela ezitolo ezindala zaseTianjin.
  • 1974. Ngokwencwadi ka-2017, itiye laqala ukwenziwa kabusha; lathuthukiswa eXi Lan, eShibixia (石壁下), eYuanqian (院前) naseHongshan (洪山).
  • 1969–1981. Ngokomagazini ka-2018, ngo-1969 kuya ku-1973 isifunda sadluliselwa ekumisweni ngomoya oshisayo (烘青, hōngqīng), ngemva kuka-1974 kwabuyiselwa ukugazinga, kusukela ngo-1981 kwadlulelwa emishinini.
  • 2011–2014. Ngo-2011 uhlobo lokuqala lwafakwa ohlelweni lwesifundazwe lokuvikela izinsiza zofuzo, ngo-2012 kwabhaliswa uphawu. Ngomhla zingama-28 kuJulayi 2014 uMnyango Wezolimo ngesimemezelo esingu-2136 wawuvikela itiye (isitifiketi esingu-AGI01468, umnikazi — i-Luo Yuan County Tea Association).
  • 2018. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza bafakwa ohlwini lwesihlanu lwesifundazwe lamagugu angaphatheki; i-eseyi ye-”Fuzhou Wanbao” (Mashi 2018) ibeka ukufakwa konyaka owedlule.
  • 2025. Ngemva kokuba uMnyango Wezolimo ngo-2022 wayeka ukubhalisa okunjalo, i-CNIPA yaqashela i-Qijing Cha njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo — phakathi kwemikhiqizo eyishumi yaseFuzhou.
• Igama: “Qi” (七) — “isikhombisa”, “jing” (境) — iyunithi endala yokuhlukanisa amadolobhana. Ngokuchazwa kophawu, lawa ama-jing aseXizhu (西竹, okuyi-Xi Lan), Cheng Yang (程洋), Chang Wan (长弯), Shi Ba (施灞), Ting Yang (廷洋), Shou Qiao (寿桥) noHongyang (洪洋). I-”Fuzhou Wanbao” (2018) esikhundleni sikaTing Yang ibiza uYan Yang (延洋).
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokomagazini ka-2018, ngosuku lwe-Qingming izakhamuzi zama-jing ayisikhombisa ziza eQijing Tang ukushisa impepho nokucela umoya kaSong Bin ngesivuno setiye.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

• Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Ngokuchazwa kophawu — ngokuyinhloko i-Luo Yuan caicha yendawo (菜茶, càichá): ihlumela eliphakathi, amahlumela aqinile, ama-internode amafushane, iqabunga eliwugqinsi futhi elintekenteke. Kuthiwa afanelekile futhi uMeizhan (梅占), uHuangdan (黄旦) noJinguanyin (金观音). Esifundazweni kwakhiwe futhi kwagunyazwa uhlobo lwe-Rongchunzao (榕春早).
• Izinga lokuqoqa: Ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa.
• Isikhathi sokuqoqa: Ngokwencwadi yendawo, kusukela eQingming kuya enkathini yeBailu, izivuno ezintathu ngonyaka; itiye elingcono kakhulu — phakathi kweQingming neGuyu.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

• Isifunda: Ugu olusempumalanga yeFujian: isifunda sizungezwe izintaba ezinhlangothini ezintathu, enyakatho-mpumalanga sivulekele olwandle lwangaphakathi lwaseSandu Ao, unyaka wonke kuvunguza imimoya yasempumalanga.
• Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ngaphezu kuka-60% wamasimu — emagqumeni angu-400–800 m; indawo ephakeme kakhulu yesifunda — intaba iNiumushan, 1251 m.
• Isimo sezulu: Ngokuchazwa kophawu — i-subtropical marine monsoon: 15.7–19.1 °C ngokwesilinganiso ngonyaka, imvula engu-1500–2150 mm, umswakama cishe u-82%, inkungu nokukhanya okuhlakazekile entwasahlobo.
• Inhlabathi: Ebomvu nephuzi, ejulile, ene-asidi encane (pH 4.5–6.5); endaweni yokuvikela — ngokuvamile ebomvu, ene-grus, ngaphansi kwemagquma egranite, ngokuvamile enemithombo.
• Isikali: Ngokuchazwa kophawu, ngo-2014 — izinkulungwane ezingama-32 zama-mu amasimu namathani angu-3748 ngonyaka; ngokwemininingwane yesifunda ekupheleni kuka-2021 — izinkulungwane ezingama-43 zama-mu, 8867 wamathani kanye no-282 wezigidi zama-yuan enzuzo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Incazelo yophawu icaphuna i-”Technical Regulations for Cultivation and Processing of Qijing Cha” (《七境茶种植与加工技术规程》) futhi ngokukhethekile idinga ukugazinga okusheshayo ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngesikhathi sokumisa (高温爆炒, gāowēn bàochǎo). Umbhalo wemithetho awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele; isifinyezo sezincazelo sinje:

1. Ukendlalwa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng).
2. Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng).
3. Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga lisongwa futhi ligazingwe kaninginingi, kuze kube ukusonga kufana “nentambo yokuthungela ifirework”.
4. Ukumisa: Incazelo yophawu ibiza ukumisa kokuqala (初烘, chūhōng), ukugazinga kokuqala ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (高温毛炒, gāowēn máochǎo) kanye nokuqeda ngokugazinga (足炒, zúchǎo).

I-eseyi ye-”Fuzhou Wanbao” (2018) nokho ibhala ukuthi ngesikhathi sokumisa “izinga lokushisa akufanele libe liphezulu kakhulu”; umagazini ka-2018 uhlanganisa zombili izincazelo ngezigaba ezimbili — ukushisa okusheshayo ekuqaleni kokugazinga okuphindwe kabili kanye nokwehlisiwe ekuqedeni. Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi awunikwanga kunoma yimuphi umthombo.

6. Izici Zesitho Somzimba

Isilinganiso — incazelo yophawu lwezolimo.

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Imicu eqinile egobile, eluhlaza okotshani okunamafutha ngokumpunga, ecwebezelayo; amachashazi okugazinga abonakala kahle (条索紧结弯曲、色泽油绿稍灰、有光泽、爆点明显).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Akukho ncazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga lokuphisa: Lisha, lithembekile futhi lihlala njalo, linephunga elicacile le-chestnut kanye nephunga lezimbali (香气鲜嫩持久，栗香显带花香).
• Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, kusha futhi kuvuselelayo (滋味浓厚鲜爽).
• Umbala wokuphisa: Uluhlaza okotshani oqhakazile, oqhakazile (汤色嫩绿明亮).
• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Luhlaza okotshani, lithambile, licwebezelayo (叶底嫩绿软亮).

Ubuhle betiye incazelo ibufingqa ngokuthi “ukuphelela okune” (四绝): iphunga eliphakeme, ukunambitheka okusha, umbala we-emerald, ukumelana nokuphisa okuningi.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Incazelo yophawu inikeza lezi zinkomba:

Inkomba	Okuqukethwe
Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini	41.98–46.21 %
Ama-polyphenol etiye	28.98–36.41 %
Ama-amino acid akhululekile	4.8–4.85 g nge-100 g

Indlela nesampula incazelo ayikubizi; lokhu kuyisici esishiwo ngesikhathi sokubhalisa, hhayi umthetho wezinga.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wekilasi wetiye eliluhlaza.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo: Shisisa izitsha, thela amanzi ngasodongeni, ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60, bese kuba ukuphisa okuphindwe kabili noma kuthathu, kushiywe ingxenye yokuphisa.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wekilasi. Ephaketheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ngo-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Namanga

Awekho amanani esimanje emithonjeni etholakele.

• Indlela yokugwema amanga:
  • Funa uphawu lwendawo: ngokwemithetho yophawu, lungasetshenziswa kuphela ngesivumelwano nomnikazi — i-Luo Yuan County Tea Association.
  • Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowezifunda namadolobhana ayishumi nanye endawo.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• Itiye aliqanjwanga ngentaba noma ngohlobo, kodwa ngethempeli elakhiwa amaqembu ayisikhombisa amadolobhana ngo-1485.
• I-caicha yendawo iqanjwe phakathi kwezinhlobo eziyisisekelo zetiye le-jasmine laseFuzhou elivikelwe (njenge-”Luo Yuan Qijing caicha”).
• Isihloko se-”Fujian Daily” sika-2013 sithi ukunconywa kwetiye ku-”The Classic of Tea” kaLu Yu, kanti i-eseyi ka-2016 ithi ku-reference “Zhongguo Cha Jing” (《中国茶经》). Ubufakazi encwadini kaLu Yu abutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye

• Tianshan Lücha (天山绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lomlando lesifunda esingumakhelwane iNingde, kodwa elomiswe ngomoya oshisayo; i-Qijing Cha — eligoshiwe, elinamachashazi okugazinga.
• Fuzhou Molihua Cha (福州茉莉花茶): Itiye le-jasmine laseFuzhou; i-Luo Yuan iyingxenye yendawo yalo, futhi i-caicha yendawo iphakathi kwezinhlobo eziyisisekelo.
• Wuping Lücha (武平绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza laseFujian eligoshiwe elivela entshonalanga yesifundazwe.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Qijing Cha itiye eliluhlaza eligoshiwe lasogwini lwaseLuo Yuan elinegama elivela ethempelini lama-jing ayisikhombisa: imicu eqinile egobile eluhlaza okotshani okunamafutha enamachashazi okugazinga, iphunga le-chestnut elinethoni yezimbali, ukunambitheka okugcwele okusha. Ngemuva kwalo kunenganekwane ngoSong Bin, ithempeli lika-1485, ukuwohloka kwama-1940, ukuvuselelwa kwama-1970 kanye nezinqubo ezintathu zokuvikela kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2025.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

• CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo