Wǔpíng lǜchá

Uphing Luyicha (Wǔpíng lǜchá, 武平绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni sase-Uphing (武平县) emkhandlwini wedolobha iLongyan entshonalanga yesifundazwe saseFujian, lapho kuhlangana khona iJiangxi neGuangdong. IFujian idume ngama-oolong, amatiye amhlophe nabomvu, kanti i-Uphing iyisihlukumezi: ngokwemithombo yezindaba, lesi yisifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke esifundazweni setshe eliluhlaza eligazingiwe ngokobubanzi bomhlaba nangokukhiqiza. Ngaphansi kophawu olulodwa lwesifunda kukhiqizwa izinhlobo eziningana, eziqanjwe ngentaba iLiangyeshan: ukusonteka okuqondile, iqabunga eliyisicaba, ukusonteka okuyisipeyiri, futhi ngokwemithombo yezindaba yango-2019, kukhona nepharele. Uphawu «武平绿茶» lwabhaliswa ngo-2009 futhi lwaba igama lokuqala lendawo lesifunda.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), eligazingiwe lokulungisa (炒青, chǎoqīng).
• Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasentshonalanga yeFujian; uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (2009); uhlu lukazwelonke lwezinto ezikhethekile nezikhethekile (名特优新) (inombolo CAQS-MTYX-20240744).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), umkhandlu wedolobha iLongyan (龙岩, Lóngyán), isifunda sase-Uphing (武平县, Wǔpíng Xiàn).
• Indawo: Uhlu lwezimpawu lwesifundazwe lubiza i-Uphing njengendawo yomnikazi wophawu; umngcele oqondile wendawo awukho emithonjeni etholakele.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda sase-Uphing cishe singu-25.1° enyakatho no-116.1° empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • I-Song – i-Ming. Ngokomlando wesifunda (武平县志) oshiwo emithonjeni yezindaba, kusukela ngesikhathi se-Song e-Uphing kwakuvunwa itshe lasendle, njengomuthi nanjengesiphuzo. Kusukela enkathini ye-Yongle nge-Ming kuya enkathini ye-Kangxi nge-Qing, itshe lalitshalwa eduze kwezindlu nasemingceleni, futhi ukutshala, ukulungisa nokuphuza itshe kwaba into evamile. Uhlelo lwe-Ming lomlando lubiza itiye elingcono kakhulu lesifunda ngetiye lasentabeni iYuntishan (云梯山) kanye nelaseYanqian (岩前).
  • I-Qing – intela. Ngokomlando wesifunda oshiwo emthonjeni wezindaba wesifundazwe, ngesikhathi sikaDaoguang (1821–1850), itiye eliluhlaza lase-Uphing lalidume «ngephunga eliphakeme, ukunambitheka okugcwele nokumnandi nokusha» (香高味浓甘爽) ezindaweni zamaHakka zaseChaozhou, eMeizhou naseTingzhou futhi ngesinye isikhathi laliyintela yenkantolo.
  • Ngo-1983 nangemva kwalokho. Kusukela ngo-1983, itiye lathola imiklomelo eminingi yezinga lesifundazwe nangaphezulu; ngo-1991 laqanjwa phakathi kwamatiye ayisishiyagalombili adumile aseFujian, futhi ngo-2007, phakathi kwayishumi nane.
  • Ngo-2005. Isifunda saqala ukukhiqiza itiye ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa «武平绿茶».
  • Ngo-2009. Ngomhla ka-13 Julayi, «武平绿茶» yabhaliswa njengophawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (inombolo 6524922, ekubhalisweni kukhona nelesiNgisi elithi «Wuping Green Tea»). Umnikazi wophawu yinhlangano yetiye yesifunda sase-Uphing. Leli yigama lokuqala lendawo lesifunda.
  • Ngo-2010 nangemva kwalokho. Uphawu lwaqashelwa njengophawu olwaziwayo esifundazweni, kwathi kamuva lwaba uphawu lukazwelonke «olwaziwayo».
  • Ngo-2024. Itiye lafakwa ohlwini lukazwelonke lwezinto ezikhethekile nezikhethekile (名特优新) ngesici esithi «iphunga eliphakeme nelibukhali, ukunambitheka okusha» — «iphunga eliphakeme nelibukhali, ukunambitheka okusha».
• Igama:
  • «Uphing» (武平) yigama lesifunda.
  • «Luyicha» (绿茶, lǜchá) lisho «itiye eliluhlaza».
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Uphing iyindawo eluhlaza emephini yetiye yaseFujian, lapho kubusa khona i-oolong, itiye elimhlophe nelibomvu. Isifunda sakhela ezolimo zaso etiyeni eliluhlaza futhi siqamba uhlu lwaso ngentaba enkulu, iLiangyeshan.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

• Uhlobo / Imbewu: Ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa i-Uphing Luyicha, akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokomlando wesifunda oshiwo emthonjeni wezindaba, izinhlobo zendawo zakhiwe etiyeni lasendle; ngokwemithombo yezindaba, esifundeni namanje kukhula izihlahla zetiye zasendle, futhi kwezinye izindawo kusagcinwa umkhuba wokwenza itiye ngamaqabunga azo. Umbhalo womlando wendawo (2023) ubala ezinhlotsheni ze-clone esifundeni iMeizhan (梅占), iFuyun 6 (福云6号), iFuding Dahao (福鼎大毫), iWuniu zao (乌牛早) kanye neJinguanyin (金观音), ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi yiziphi ezisetshenziselwa itiye eliluhlaza.
• Ukuvuna: Ngokwemithombo yezindaba yesifundazwe (2019), itiye livame ukuvunwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Isisho somphakathi, esicashunwa yilowo mbhalo, sithanda kakhulu itiye elivunwe ngaphambi komkhosi weQingming (清明): «明前茶，贵如金» — «itiye langaphambi kweQingming libiza njengegolide».
• Indinganiso yokuvuna: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele; futhi ayikho indinganiso ngokombhalo wophawu.
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Imvelaphi kusuka esifundeni sase-Uphing.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

• Isifunda: I-Uphing isempambanweni yemigwaqo yaseFujian, eGuangdong naseJiangxi. Intaba enkulu yiLiangyeshan (梁野山); kuyo kwakhiwe isiqiwi sikazwelonke. Ngokwemininingwane eyisisekelo, isifunda sisemaphethelweni aseningizimu wentaba iWuyishan, futhi ukuphakama kweLiangyeshan cishe kungu-1538 m.
• Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ayikho imininingwane ngokuphakama kwezingadi zetiye emithonjeni etholakele.
• Umhlabathi: Ngokwamazwi enhlangano yetiye yesifunda emthonjeni wezindaba wesifundazwe (2019), umhlabathi uvundile futhi ujulile; uhlobo lomhlabathi alushiwongo.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama esinamandla emvula asentshonalanga yeFujian. Lowo mbhalo uphawula umehluko omkhulu wokuphakama esifundeni kanye nenani eliphezulu lehlathi.
• Izici: Ngokwemithombo yezindaba (2014), isifunda siyindawo enkulu kunazo zonke eFujian yetshe eliluhlaza eligazingiwe ngokobubanzi bomhlaba nangokukhiqiza; iphephandaba lesifundazwe ngo-2019 libeka ngokuqapha kakhudlwana — «ngenye yezinkulu kunazo zonke».

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

I-Uphing Luyicha itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe lokulungisa. Akukho ncazelo ngezinyathelo zobuchwepheshe emithonjeni etholakele; umthombo wezindaba wesifundazwe (2019) usho eminye yezimboni zesifunda umugqa womshini onokulungisa okuqhubekayo. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza lumile kanje: ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng), ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn), ukubunjwa kanye nokomiswa (干燥, gānzào); lolu wuhlelo lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe baleli tiye. Izinhlobo zehlukile ngokubunjwa kwazo:

• Liangye Chaolu (梁野炒绿, liángyě chǎolǜ) — ukusonteka okuqondile (条形).
• Liangye Cuiya (梁野翠芽, liángyě cuìyá) — iqabunga eliyisicaba (扁形).
• Liangye Xuelou (梁野雪螺, liángyě xuěluó) — isipeyiri (螺形).
• Liangye Cuizhu (梁野翠珠, liángyě cuìzhū) — «ipharele» (珠形); leli libizwa ngumthombo wezindaba ka-2019, ukubukeka akuchazwanga.

6. Izici Zesimo Sokuzwa

Ngokwencazelo emthonjeni wezindaba wemboni (2016) yezinhlobo ezintathu; ifomula evamile yohlu lukazwelonke ithi «iphunga eliphakeme nelibukhali, ukunambitheka okusha».

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: IChaolu — ukusonteka okuncane okuqinile okunamafutha kombala osiliva-ngwevu-oluhlaza (条索细紧油润呈银灰绿). ICuiya — iqabunga eliyisicaba eliluhlaza okotshani elimise okwenkemba (扁平墨绿呈剑状). IXuelou — izipeyiri eziqinile, ezimbozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya obumhlophe (紧结如螺，满披白毫).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: IChaolu — iphunga lekheshe noma iphunga likabhontshisi omhlophe (栗香或绿豆香); ICuiya — iphunga elincane letiye elincane (嫩茶香).
• Iphunga lokumnika: Eliphakeme, elibukhali neliqinileyo (香气高锐持久): kwiChaolu — elinethoni lekheshe, kwiCuiya — elinezimbali. KwiXuelou — elihlanzekile neliphakeme, linephunga loboya (清高、毫香显露).
• Ukunambitheka: IChaolu — kumnandi, kuthambile, kusha, kumelana nokuthelwa kaningi (甘醇鲜爽耐冲泡). ICuiya — kusha futhi kumnandi, iphunga lizwakala ekunambithekeni (鲜爽甘醇且味中透香). IXuelou — kusha, kunephunga (鲜爽透香).
• Umbala wokumnika: IChaolu — oluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo noma ophuzi-oluhlaza, ogqamile (嫩绿或黄绿明亮); ICuiya — ohlaza okwesimaragidu noma oluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo, ocacile (翠绿或嫩绿清澈明亮).
• Iqabunga elitheliwe (iqabunga eliphekiwe): IChaolu — ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo, olinganayo, «njengokusikwe ngommese» (嫩黄绿、似刀切般匀称齐整). ICuiya — oluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo, onamanzi, olinganayo. IXuelou — oluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo noma ophuzi-oluhlaza, imiqumbe namaqabunga aphelele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane yamakhemikhali emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C ngetiye eliyisicaba neliyisipeyiri; 85–90 °C ngokusonteka okuqondile.
• Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumala isitsha.
  2. Beka itiye.
  3. Thela amanzi amancane, vumela iqabunga livuleke imizuzwana engu-20–30.
  4. Thela amanzi athe xaxa; ukumnika kokuqala — imizuzu engu-1–2.
  5. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yokumnika.
  6. Ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu ukuthelwa.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Itiye eliluhlaza liphuzwa lisasha, alidingi ukuguga.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhonyovu

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

• Ukwazi ukugwema imikhonyovu:
  • Bheka uphawu «武平绿茶».
  • Qiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni sase-Uphing.
  • Izinhlobo eziningana ngaphansi kophawu olulodwa kuyinto evamile: iChaolu, iCuiya neXuelou ziyimikhiqizo ehlukene yegama elilodwa.
  • Qhathanisa ukubukeka nencazelo: etiyeni eliqondile — ukusonteka okuncane kombala osiliva-ngwevu-oluhlaza, etiyeni eliyisipeyiri — uboya obumhlophe obukhulu.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• Ngokwemithombo yezindaba, i-Uphing iyindawo enkulu kunazo zonke eFujian yetshe eliluhlaza eligazingiwe.
• Kakade umlando we-Ming wesifunda wawubeka itiye elingcono kakhulu — elivela entabeni iYuntishan naseYanqian.
• Esifundeni kusakhula izihlahla zetiye zasendle.
• Ngokwemithombo yezindaba yemboni ka-2016, kusukela ngo-2012 itiye lathola izindondo zegolide ezingu-17 emqhudelwaneni kazwelonke wamatiye aluhlaza othi «Zhong lu bei» (中绿杯).
• Uphawu lwango-2009 lwaba igama lokuqala lendawo lesifunda.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza

• Shiting Luyicha (石亭绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza laseningizimu yeFujian elifomula ethi «amaphunga amathathu, okuhlaza okuthathu»; i-Uphing itiye eliluhlaza lasentshonalanga yesifundazwe.
• Tianshan Luyicha (天山绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeFujian, lisuka ezintabeni zaseTianshan emkhandlwini weNingde.
• Bilouchun (碧螺春): Itiye eliyisipeyiri laseJiangsu; eliseduze kakhulu ngokwesimo neLiangye Xuelou.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Uphing Luyicha itiye eliluhlaza esifundazweni sama-oolong, futhi isifunda sikwenze lokhu kwaba isici saso: ngokwemithombo yezindaba, indawo enkulu yetshe eliluhlaza eligazingiwe eFujian, izinhlobo eziningana ngaphansi kophawu olulodwa, eziqanjwe ngentaba iLiangyeshan, kanye nomlando wetiye olandelwa umlando usukela nge-Song. Iphunga eliphakeme nelibukhali kanye nokunambitheka okusha yifomula itiye elangena ngalo ohlwini lukazwelonke lwemikhiqizo ekhethekile.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

• CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №6524922

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo