Hánméi lǜchá

Hanmei Lücha (Hánméi lǜchá, 含眉绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni sase-Hanshan (含山县) emkhandlwini wedolobha wase-Ma’anshan empumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Anhui. Igama lakhiwe ngohlamvu lokuqala lwegama lesifunda kanye negama elithi “ishiya”: izincazelo eziyisethenjwa zithi iqabunga licishe libe isicaba, lifane neshiya (微扁似眉). Izici eziyinhloko zokubukeka yiqabunga eliqondile, elibushelelezi, eliluhlaza okotshani okuthambile kanye nephunga elimile le-orchid noma le-chestnut. Itiye livikelwa njengomkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sendawo, kanti ngo-2023 isifundazwe savumela izinga lendawo lalo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isigaba sivezwe egameni elivikelwe nasemgqeni wezinga.
• Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda lase-Anhui; umkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sendawo.
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), umkhandlu wedolobha wase-Ma’anshan (马鞍山, Mǎ’ānshān), isifunda sase-Hanshan (含山, Hánshān).
• Indawo evikelwe: Inqunywe ngumthetho wokuvikela kanye nezinga; imibhalo yabo angikaze ngiyibone, ngakho-ke angiyinikezi imingcele. Incazelo edumile ibeka izingadi eduze kwedolobhana lase-Qingxi (清溪镇), endaweni yase-Changshan Dalong (长山大垄); lokhu akukaqinisekiswa ngombhalo wendawo.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda sase-Hanshan siseduze no-31,7° enyakatho kanye no-118,1° empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Itiye lesifunda. Ngokushicilelwa kweNyuvesi yase-Chaohu (巢湖学院), esifundeni kunezintaba zase-Changshan (长山) kanye nase-Fushan (福山), ezifanele isihlahla setiye; isifunda siqanjwe njengenye yezindawo ezaziwayo zetiye lase-Anhui ezinomlando omude wokulima itiye. Ushicilelo alunikezi izinsuku nemibhalo ebhaliwe, futhi angiyengezi.
  • 2018. Ngokombiko we-portal yase-China yezimpawu zendawo (2023) nangezincazelo eziyisethenjwa, ngoMashi 2018 uHanmei Lücha wathola isimo somkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sendawo. Izinombolo nosuku lomthetho angikaze ngilubone.
  • 2023. Ihhovisi lokuqondisa imakethe yesifundazwe sase-Anhui lavuma izinga lendawo i-DB34/T 4529-2023 “地理标志产品 含眉绿茶”. Lashicilelwa ngomhla ka-31 Julayi futhi laqala ukusebenza ngomhla ka-31 Agasti 2023. Ababhali yinkampani “Anhui Hanmei shengtai chaye” (安徽含眉生态茶叶有限公司) kanye nehhovisi lokuqondisa imakethe yesifunda sase-Hanshan. Izinga lihlanganisa indawo evikelwe, ukutshalwa, ubuchwepheshe, izinhlobo zomkhiqizo, izidingo zekhwalithi, izindlela zokuhlola, imithetho yokwamukela, ukumaka, ukupakisha, ukuthutha kanye nokugcina.
  • 2024. Igama lingene ohlwini lwesithathu lwango-2024 lweHhovisi Likazwelonke Lempahla Yobuhlakani (CNIPA) mayelana nelungelo labakhiqizi lokusebenzisa uphawu olukhethekile lwesiqinisekiso sendawo.
• Igama: “Han” (含) nguhlamvu lokuqala lwegama lesifunda sase-Hanshan; “mei” (眉) lisho “ishiya”, ngokuma kweqabunga; “lücha” (绿茶) lisho “itiye eliluhlaza”.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ushicilelo lweNyuvesi yase-Chaohu lubeka uHanmei Lücha kuqala ohlwini lwamagama etiye isifunda esiwathuthukisayo eminyakeni yakamuva, eduze kwawokuthi “昭关翠须”, “长相思” kanye no-”刘武梅山翠须”.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza

• Izinhlobo / Cultivar: Emithonjeni etholakele azikashiwongo izinhlobo.
• Izici zezihlahla: Ngokushicilelwa kwenyuvesi, izimo zendawo zinikeza ukuvela kweqabunga kusenesikhathi nangokuhlangana, futhi iqabunga elisha lihlala lithambile isikhathi eside futhi lifaneleka kahle ekucutshungulweni (发芽早、发芽齐，鲜叶持嫩性好、适制性好).
• Izinga lokukha kanye nezikhathi: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho. Izinga lihlukanisa umkhiqizo ngezigaba, kodwa umbhalo walo angikaze ngiwubone.

4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

• Isifunda: Empumalanga ye-Anhui, umkhandlu wase-Ma’anshan.
• Ubume bendawo: Ngokwencazelo yenyuvesi, indawo yetiye izungezwe izintaba ngezinhlangothi ezintathu futhi ivulekele emanzini ngohlangothi olulodwa (三面环山一面迎水). Lesi simo, ngokusho kwalowo mbiko, sivikela izihlahla emoyeni obandayo nasemakhazeni.
• Izintaba: I-Changshan kanye ne-Fushan.
• Ukuphakama, isimo sezulu, umhlabathi: Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izinga i-DB34/T 4529-2023 libeka ubuchwepheshe, kodwa umbhalo walo angikaze ngiwubone, ngakho-ke angiyinikezi izigaba nemingcele yaleli tiye ngokwalo. Ukuthi isimo seqabunga esicishe sibe isicaba futhi esiqondile sitholakala kanjani, imithombo etholakele ayikuchazi.

Ngezansi uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza, hhayi incazelo kaHanmei Lücha:

1. Ukunwetshwa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga linwetshwa ngongqimba oluncane ukuze likhiphe ingxenye yomswakama.
2. Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation futhi kulondoloza umbala oluhlaza.
3. Ukubumba nokusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga linikezwa isimo esifanele itiye.
4. Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Kunciphisa umswakama ufinyelele ezingeni lokugcina.

6. Izici Zenzwa

Incazelo ihlanganiswe kusukela ekhadini, embikweni we-portal yezimpawu zendawo kanye nasezincazelweni eziyisethenjwa; izidingo zezinga ngokubukeka angikaze ngizibone.

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Licishe libe isicaba, lifana neshiya, liminyene, lihle futhi liqondile (微扁似眉、紧秀挺直), linobuso obushelelezayo, liluhlaza okotshani okuthambile futhi lisha (嫩绿鲜润); ngokombiko we-portal yezimpawu zendawo liluhlaza okwesemeraldi futhi liyalingana (色泽绿翠匀整).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga lokuphiswa: Izincazelo zibiza iphunga le-orchid noma le-chestnut, elimile (兰花香或栗香持久), ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi iphunga leqabunga elomile noma lokuphiswa. Ushicilelo lwenyuvesi luthi liphakeme futhi lide (香气高长).
• Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuthambile nokuqabulayo (鲜醇爽口); ngokunye ukubekwa, kumnandi futhi kuqabulayo (甘醇爽口).
• Umbala wokuphiswa: Uluhlaza okotshani okuthambile, ugqamile (嫩绿明亮) ngokombiko we-portal; uluhlaza okwesemeraldi futhi ukhanyayo (碧绿清澈) ngokoshicilelo lwenyuvesi.
• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izincazelo eziyisethenjwa zithi itiye linenhlanganisela “yama-amino acid amaningi, ama-polyphenol ambalwa” (高氨低酚), kodwa azinikezi izinombolo. Izidingo zomzimba namakhemikhali zibekwe yizinga i-DB34/T 4529-2023; umbhalo walo angikaze ngiwubone, ngakho-ke angiyinikezi izinombolo.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo

Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngokusebenza kwaleli tiye ngokwalo. Izincazelo zibhala “ngomphumela wezempilo” ngaphandle kobufakazi; angikuphindanga lokhu.

9. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi, lapho iqabunga eliqondile libonakala khona, noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza isitsha.
  2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
  3. Ukuphisa kokuqala ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
  4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yokuphisa.
  5. Thela amanzi futhi.
  6. Ukuphisa okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.

10. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ekupakisheni okuvalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga angaphandle. Iphunga elisha liphela kuqala, ngakho-ke itiye kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhohlisi

Imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

• Ungazigwema kanjani imikhohlisi:
  • Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwesiqinisekiso sendawo ekupakisheni.
  • Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni sase-Hanshan.
  • Iqabunga licishe libe isicaba, liqondile, libushelelezi futhi liluhlaza okotshani okuthambile.
  • Iphunga liyi-orchid noma i-chestnut; ukuphisa kuluhlaza okotshani okuthambile futhi kucacile.
  • Ungakudidi namanye amagama esifunda: “昭关翠须”, “长相思” nezinye ngamagama ahlukene.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• Enye yezinhlangano ezimbili ezabhala izinga iyinkampani, egameni layo kukhona “Hanmei” elifanayo: igama lomkhiqizo negama lenkampani ziyafana.
• Iphunga ngokwencazelo liphindwe kabili i-orchid noma i-chestnut. Ukuthi yini enquma ukuthi yikuphi okuvelayo, izincazelo azikuchazi.
• Phakathi kwamagama “etiye” esifunda, ushicilelo lwenyuvesi lubala no-”龙须绞股蓝” isiphuzo esivela ku-gynostemma (绞股蓝, jiǎogǔlán), isitshalo esingahlobene nesihlahla setiye.
• Kusukela esimweni somkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sendawo (2018, ngokwencazelo) kuya ezingeni lesifundazwe elizimele (2023) kwadlula iminyaka emihlanu.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza ase-Anhui

• Liu An Gua Pian (六安瓜片): Nawo anamaqabunga ayisicaba, kodwa kusuka emacwecweni amaqabunga awodwa, ngaphandle kwezinduku; uHanmei Lücha uchazwa njengocishe abe isicaba, oqondile futhi obushelelezi.
• Shucheng Xiao Lan Hua (舒城小兰花): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Anhui, elaziwa ngephunga le-orchid lelo phunga elifanayo eliqanjwe ku-Hanmei Lücha kuqala.
• Tongcheng Xiao Hua (桐城小花): Elinye itiye le-”orchid” lase-Anhui lomndeni we-”lanhua cha” (兰花茶).

Ekuphetheni:

UHanmei Lücha itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Hanshan, ogama lalo lihlanganisa igama lesifunda kanye nokuma kweqabunga, elifana neshiya. Imibhalo ngalo imbalwa, kodwa iyavumelana: igama elivikelwe, izinga lesifundazwe lika-2023, kanye nokuvunyelwa kwabakhiqizi kuphawu olukhethekile ngo-2024. Izincazelo ziyavumelana ngeqabunga eliqondile, elibushelelezi, eliluhlaza okotshani okuthambile, nephunga elimile le-orchid noma le-chestnut nokunambitheka okuthambile nokuqabulayo; okunye izinhlobo, ukuphakama, ubuchwepheshe kusamele kufundwe embhalweni wezinga.

Imithombo

Amazinga

• DB34/T 4529-2023

Inkomba yendawo

• CNIPA 2024年第3期专用标志核准使用名录 №2024-3

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo