Cháozhōu dāncóng chá

Chaozhou Dancong Cha (Cháozhōu dāncóng chá, 潮州单丛茶) ndi chizindikiro cha geographiki chotsimikizira nambala 42507916 cha mzinda wa Chaozhou kum’maŵa kwa chigawo cha Guangdong, chomwe chaperekedwa ku dancong, ulong wafungo la mapiri a Fenghuang ndi madera oyandikana nawo. Mzindawu ulinso ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographiki chokhala ndi dzina lofanana, “凤凰单丛（枞）茶”, chotetezedwa kuyambira 2010; uku ndi kulembetsa kwina, kokhala ndi muyezo wake ndi dera lake. Malamulo a chizindikirochi sindinawaone, choncho maonekedwe ndi luso lamafotokozera molingana ndi zolemba za mzinda zokhudza dancong wamba.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Ulong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá), gulu la dancong. Chizindikiro chokhacho sichitchula gulu, ndipo gululi laperekedwa molingana ndi dongosolo lachitukuko la mzinda. Malinga ndi dongosololi, kwa tiyi wofiira wochokera ku masamba a dancong (“潮州单丛红茶”), muyezo wopangira wa chigawo ndi wovomerezeka; sizikudziwika ngati chizindikirochi chikugwiranso ntchito kwa iye.
Gulu lalikulu: Ulong wa Guangdong; chizindikiro chotsimikizira, chotsimikiziridwa ndi kaundula wa 2026.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Guangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), mzinda wa Chaozhou (潮州, Cháozhōu). Mizinda yayikulu ya tiyi ndi Fenghuang (凤凰镇) m’boma la Chao’an ndi Fubin (浮滨镇) m’boma la Raoping.
Dera la chizindikiro: Kaundula amatchula mzinda wa Chaozhou, zomwe ndi za mwiniwake, osati malire azamalamulo a dera. Dera la chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro 凤凰单丛（枞）茶 ndi matauni 30 ndi madera a tiyi ku Chao’an, Xiangqiao ndi Raoping.
Latitude: Malinga ndi dongosolo la mzinda, Northern Tropic imadutsa mzinda wa Fenghuang.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Chiyambi. Dongosolo lachitukuko la mzinda (Novembala 2022) limagwirizanitsa kupezeka kwa tiyi wakumaloko ndi makolo a anthu a She (畲族) ndipo limadzivomereza kuti nthawi ya izi siyingadziwike: a She analibe zolemba. Malinga ndi nthano, kumapeto kwa Southern Song, mfumu Bing (宋帝昺) inayamika tiyi wa anthu a m’mapiri a Fenghuang, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo panabadwa dzina loti “sungi mtundu” (宋种).
- 1547. Malinga ndi dongosololi, “Mafotokozedwe a dera la Chaozhou” (潮州府志) amatchula msonkho wapachaka wa boma la Raoping: 150 jin 2 liang wa tiyi wamasamba ndi 180 jin 3 liang wa tiyi wochokera ku mphukira.
- Kumapeto kwa Qing. Munthawi ya Tongzhi ndi Guangxu, alimi anayamba kusankha tchire zabwino zakale ndikupanga tiyi pa tchire chilichonse padera, ndipo malinga ndi dongosololi, dzina loti “dancong” linabadwa motero. Dongosololi limayika izi m’zaka za 1875–1908 ndipo nthawi yomweyo limanena za mbiri ya dzina pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri; mawerengedwe awa sagwirizana.
- 2010. Bungwe lalikulu loyang’anira ubwino, kuyendera ndi kusamala (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine) pa chilengezo nambala 30 linatenga 凤凰单丛（枞）茶 pansi pa chitetezo monga chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographiki. Mu 2020 chinalowa m’ndandanda woyamba wa mgwirizano pakati pa China ndi European Union wokhudza zizindikiro za geographiki. Dongosolo la chitetezo linakhazikitsidwa ndi mzinda mu 2013, latsopano likugwira ntchito kuyambira May 2025.
- 2022. Dongosololi limatchula kuti mzindawu uli ndi ma brand anayi a tiyi: chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro 凤凰单丛（枞）茶, chinthu chaulimi chokhala ndi chizindikiro 岭头单丛茶, chizindikiro chophatikiza 凤凰单丛茶 ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizira 潮州单丛茶. Chaka cholembetsa ndi mwiniwake wa chizindikiro sindinapeze.
- 2025. Kuyambira 21 May, pa Tsiku Lapadziko Lonse la Tiyi, likugwira ntchito lamulo la mzinda “Malamulo olimbikitsa chitukuko chapamwamba cha makampani a tiyi” (潮州市促进茶产业高质量发展条例), chomwe chinali choyamba ku Guangdong. Lamuloli limalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mayina a 凤凰单丛（枞）茶, 岭头单丛茶, 凤凰单丛 ndi 潮州单丛茶.
Dzina: 潮州 (Cháozhōu) ndi dzina la mzinda; 单丛 (dāncóng) amatanthauza “tchire limodzi”, molingana ndi mwambo wopanga tiyi pa tchire lililonse lapadera. Mosiyana ndi “凤凰单丛”, dzina la chizindikirocho lilibe mapiri a Fenghuang, koma mzinda wokha.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Luso la chaozhou gongfu cha (潮州工夫茶艺) lili mu ndandanda wa boma wa cholowa chosakhala chakuthupi kuyambira 2008, luso lopanga dancong lili mu ndandanda wa chigawo kuyambira 2013, ndipo dongosolo la chikhalidwe cha tiyi la fenguang dancong lili mu ndandanda wa cholowa chofunikira chaulimi kuyambira 2014.

3. Mafotokozedwe a Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mitundu: Malinga ndi dongosololi, minda ya mzindawu imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yakumaloko ya 凤凰单丛 ndi 岭头单丛, yomwe ndi 93,9% ya malo; zotsalira ndi 凤凰水仙 (Fènghuáng shuǐxiān) ndi 石古坪乌龙 (Shígǔpíng wūlóng).
Kusiyanasiyana: Mayina amitundu omwe alimi amapatsirana pakamwa, malinga ndi dongosololi, amapitirira chikwi; pamenepo panabadwa mwambi woti “一树一香，树树不同” — “mtengo uliwonse uli ndi fungo lake”.
Tchire zakale: M’mzinda wa Fenghuang, malinga ndi dongosololi, pali mitengo yopitirira 15,000 ya tiyi yobzalidwa yoposa zaka 100 ndipo yopitirira 4,600 yoposa zaka 200.
Nyengo: Tiyi amapangidwa chaka chonse; dongosololi limaona kuti kasupe, mphukira ndi dzinja ndi nyengo zabwino kwambiri.
Muyezo wotola: Palibe deta yomwe inapezeka m’magwero.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera ndi kutalika: Mapiri kumpoto kwa mzinda; mu mzinda wa Fenghuang, malinga ndi dongosololi, kuli nsonga ya Fengniaoji (凤鸟髻), 1498 m. Mtunda waminda wa chizindikirocho sunapezeke m’magwero.
Klima: Malinga ndi dongosololi, ndi kumwera kwa subtropical, chinyezi, ndi chifunga; kutentha kwapakati pachaka mu 2016–2021 kunali 22,0–22,6 °C, mvula, kuchokera 1208 mpaka 2775 mm pachaka.
Nyengo (malinga ndi dongosolo): Tiyi wa kasupe ndi wolemera komanso wotsekemera, wa chilimwe ndi wowawa ndi wokhuthala, wa mphukira ndi dzinja ndi wofewa, ndi fungo lalitali lalitali.
Dothi: Ljachikasu ndi lofiira pamwamba pa 400 m, pH 4,5–6,5, organic matter 3,81–4,26%; lateritic red and rice soils za m’mapiri otsika, pH 5,5–6,5.
Malo: Malinga ndi deta ya mzinda pamene lamulo la mzinda linayamba kugwira ntchito, mu 2024 panali masau 280,9 chikwi a minda ndi 36,2 chikwi t wa tiyi m’makampani onse a mzinda.

5. Luso la Kupanga

Pansipa pali ndondomeko ya dongosolo la mzinda ya dancong wamba; iyi ndi kufotokozera kwa makampani, osati malamulo a chizindikiro.

Kukonza koyamba, ntchito 19, pafupifupi maola 24: kutola → kufota padzuwa (晒青, shàiqīng) → kuzizira (凉青, liángqīng) → katatu “kugundana kwa masamba” (碰青, pèngqīng) ndi kawiri kugwedeza (摇青, yáoqīng), chilichonse ndi kupumula → kukhazika ndi kukazinga (炒青, chǎoqīng) → kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn) → kuswa mipanda → kuyanika koyamba, kuzizira, kuyanika komaliza.
Kumaliza, ntchito 10: kusankha nthambi → kupanga gulu → kutentha pa makala kapena magetsi (焙火, bèihuǒ) → kuzizira ndi kupuma → kutentha kachiwiri → kuzizira → kufaniza gulu → kulongedza. Kutentha kuwiri limodzi kumatenga pafupifupi maola 40.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Dongosololi limafotokoza dancong wokonzedwa ndi mawu akuti “形美、色翠、味甘、香郁” — mawonekedwe okongola, mtundu wa emerald, kukoma kotsekemera, fungo lolemera, ndi dzina loti “mzimu wa mafuta onunkhira pakati pa tiyi” (茶中香水).

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Palibe mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane; dongosololi limanena za mawonekedwe okongola, koma sizikudziwika kuti “mtundu wa emerald” ukutanthauza chiyani.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe deta yomwe inapezeka m’magwero.
Fungo la madzi: Maluwa achilengedwe, okwera komanso owuluka (自然花香、香气高扬), ndi “kamvekedwe ka tchire” kapadera (丛韵, cóngyùn).
Kukoma: Kotsekemera, ndi kubwezera kotsekemera kofewa kochuluka (回甘醇厚); amapirira kuthira madzi kambiri.
Mtundu wa madzi: Palibe deta yomwe inapezeka m’magwero.
Pansi pa tiyi (masamba othira): Palibe deta yomwe inapezeka m’magwero.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Palibe deta ya manambala kapena zofunikira za thupi ndi mankhwala za chizindikirocho zomwe zinapezeka m’magwero. Dongosololi limanena mwamalemba: m’chaka cha kasupe, masamba amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofungo, amino acid ndi theanine, m’chaka cha chilimwe, polyphenols ambiri koma terpenes ochepa.

8. Kupanga

Mchitidwe wa gulu la ulong.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 95–100 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 6–8 g pa 110–150 ml.
Zida: Gaiwan kapena tiyipi yaying’ono yadothi.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsa zida.
2. Ika tiyi.
3. Msangamsange kumutsuka ndi madzi otentha ndikuthira.
4. Mapiritsi oyamba, masekondi 10–20.
5. Thirani kwathunthu.
6. Kuthira kachiwiri ndikuwonjezera pang’ono kwa nthawi.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu la ulong. M’matumba otsekedwa, pamalo ozizira, amdima, owuma, opanda fungo lina.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonyenga

Palibe mitengo yamalonda yomwe inapezeka m’magwero. Dongosololi linayerekezera kupanga kwa 2016 pa 160 yuan pa kilogalamu ya tiyi wouma, koma umenewu ndi mtengo wowerengera wa ziwerengero, osati wamsika.

Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro chotsimikizira “潮州单丛茶” (Nambala 42507916) ndi wopanga wochokera ku mzinda wa Chaozhou.
- Musasokoneze ndi “凤凰单丛（枞）茶”, “凤凰单丛茶” ndi “岭头单丛茶”, zomwe ndi zolembetsa zina.
- Kumbukirani kuti mawu oti “dancong” samatsimikizira chiyambi: dongosololi limavomereza kuti mitundu ya fenguang dancong imabzalidwanso m’madera ena.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Dancong ndi fungo la jasmine, malinga ndi dongosololi, amakhala m’minda yosakwana 100 mu ndipo amapereka zosakwana 7000 kg za tiyi.
Mndandanda wovomerezana wa zizindikiro ndi Thailand, womwe unaphatikizapo 凤凰单丛（枞）茶, dongosololi limatchula “3+3” pamalo ena ndi “3+5” pamalo ena.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi ma dancong ena

Dan Cong (单丛): Ndemanga ya gulu lonse mu corpus.
Fenghuang Dan Cong (凤凰单丛): Chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographiki kuyambira 2010, ndi muyezo DB4451/T1-2021; kulembetsa kwina.
Lingtou Dan Cong (岭头单丛): Dancong wa boma la Raoping; malinga ndi dongosololi, chinthu chaulimi chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographiki.
Xingning Dan Cong (兴宁单丛): Dancong wa mzinda wa Meizhou, kunja kwa Chaozhou.
Guangdong Dan Cong Hong Cha (广东单丛红茶): Tiyi wofiira wochokera ku masamba a dancong, masamba omwewo, gulu lina.

Pomaliza:

Chaozhou Dancong Cha ndi chizindikiro cha mzinda pa dancong, omwe dongosololi limatchula kuti ndi tiyi wodziwika kwambiri ku Guangdong. Za chizindikirocho, zolemba zimanena zochepa: nambala, malo pakati pa ma brand anayi a tiyi a mzinda ndi mzere mu lamulo la mzinda la 2025. Za dancong wa Chaozhou, dongosolo la mzinda limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane: mayina opitirira chikwi a mitundu, mitengo yakale ya Fenghuang, kukonza kwanthawi yayitali. Chofunikira kwambiri, musasokoneze chizindikirochi ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro 凤凰单丛（枞）茶.

Magwero

Miyezo

DB4451/T 1-2021

Chizindikiro cha malo

CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №42507916

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero