I-Chaozhou Dancong Cha (Cháozhōu dāncóng chá, 潮州单丛茶) wuphawu lokuhlola indawo olunombolo 42507916 lwesifunda sikaMasipala wase-Chaozhou empumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Guangdong, olukhishwe ku-dancong — i-oolong enephunga elimnandi yezintaba zase-Fenghuang nezifunda ezingomakhelwane. Isifunda sinezinto ezinophawu lwendawo olunegama elifanayo, i-“凤凰单丛（枞）茶”, ebilondolozwa kusukela ngo-2010; lokhu ukubhaliswa okuhlukile, okunezinga lakhona nendawo yakhona. Imithetho yophawu angiyibonanga, ngakho ukubukeka nobuchwepheshe ngikuchaza ngokwemibhalo yesifunda nge-dancong ngokujwayelekile.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: I-Oolong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá), iqembu le-dancong. Uphawu ngokwalo alusho isigaba, isigaba sinikezwe ngokohlelo lwentuthuko lwesifunda. Ngokohlelo, ngetiye elibomvu elenziwe ngeqabunga le-dancong (“潮州单丛红茶”) kwamukelwe izinga lokukhiqiza lesifundazwe sendawo; ukuthi uphawu luyasabalala kulo na, akutholakali ngokusobala.
- Isigaba: I-oolong yase-Guangdong; uphawu lokuhlola, luqinisekiswe yirejista ka-2026.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), isifunda sikaMasipala wase-Chaozhou (潮州, Cháozhōu). Imizana yetiye emikhulu yi-Fenghuang (凤凰镇) esifundeni sase-Chao’an kanye ne-Fubin (浮滨镇) esifundeni sase-Raoping.
- Indawo yophawu: Irejista ikhomba isifunda sikaMasipala wase-Chaozhou — lokhu kungokomnikazi wophawu, hhayi umngcele osemthethweni wendawo. Indawo yomkhiqizo enophawu lwe-凤凰单丛（枞）茶 yimizana engama-30 nezindawo zetiye e-Chao’an, Xiangqiao nase-Raoping.
- I-latitude: Ngokohlelo lwesifunda, iTropic yaseNyakatho idlula emzaneni wase-Fenghuang.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Imvelaphi. Uhlelo lwentuthuko lwesifunda (Novemba 2022) luxhumanisa ukutholakala kwetiye lendawo nokhokho babantu bakaShe (畲族) futhi lona ngokwalo luyavuma ukuthi isikhathi salokhu asinakutholakala: abantu bakaShe babengenalo ubhalo. Ngokwenganekwane, ekupheleni kweNingizimu ye-Song, uMbusi u-Bing (宋帝昺) walincoma itiye lezintaba zase-Fenghuang — kusukela lapho igama elithi “uhlobo lwase-Song” (宋种).
- 1547. Ngokohlelo, i-“Incazelo Yesifunda sase-Chaozhou” (潮州府志) ikhuluma ngentele yonyaka yesifunda sase-Raoping: ama-catty angu-150 namaliang amabili etiye lamaqabunga kanye nama-catty angu-180 namaliang amathathu etiye lamahlumela.
- Ekupheleni kwe-Qing. Ngeminyaka ye-Tongzhi ne-Guangxu abalimi baqala ukukhetha izihlahla ezindala ezingcono kakhulu futhi benza itiye ngesihlahla ngasinye ngokwehlukana — kanjalo, ngokohlelo, kwavela igama elithi “dancong”. Uhlelo lubeka lokhu eminyakeni ka-1875–1908 bese ngaso leso sikhathi lukhuluma ngomlando weminyaka ecishe ibe ngamakhulu amabili wegama; lezi zibalo azihambelani.
- 2010. I-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ngesimemezelo № 30 yathatha i-凤凰单丛（枞）茶 ngaphansi kokuvikelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Ngo-2020 yafakwa ohlwini lokuqala lwesivumelwano se-China ne-European Union ngezimpawu zendawo. Umyalelo wokuvikela wesifunda wakhishwa ngo-2013, omusha usebenza kusukela ngoMeyi 2025.
- 2022. Uhlelo luthi isifunda sinemikhiqizo emine yomphakathi yetiye: umkhiqizo onophawu lwe-凤凰单丛（枞）茶, umkhiqizo wezolimo onophawu lwe-岭头单丛茶, uphawu oluhlanganyelwe lwe-凤凰单丛茶 kanye nophawu lokuhlola lwe-潮州单丛茶. Unyaka wokubhaliswa kanye nomnikazi wophawu angikutholanga.
- 2025. Kusukela mhla zingama-21 kuMeyi, ngoSuku Lomhlaba Lwetiye, kusebenza “Isimiso SikaMasipala Sokuthuthukisa Intuthuko Yekhwalithi Yomkhakha Wetiyi” (潮州市促进茶产业高质量发展条例) — isenzo sokuqala esinjalo e-Guangdong. Sikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamagama i-凤凰单丛（枞）茶, i-岭头单丛茶, i-凤凰单丛 kanye ne-潮州单丛茶.
- Igama: U-潮州 (Cháozhōu) yigama lesifunda; u-单丛 (dāncóng) usho “isihlahla esisodwa”, ngokwesiko lokwenza itiye ngesihlahla ngasinye esivelele ngokwehlukana. Ngokungafani no-“凤凰单丛”, egameni lophawu azikho izintaba zase-Fenghuang — kuphela isifunda.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ubuciko be-Chaozhou gongfu cha (潮州工夫茶艺) kusukela ngo-2008 busohlwini lukazwelonke lwamagugu angaphatheki, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza i-dancong kusukela ngo-2013 busohlwini lwesifundazwe, uhlelo lwesiko letiye le-Fenghuang dancong kusukela ngo-2014 lusohlwini lwamagugu abalulekile ezolimo.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa
- Izinhlobo: Ngokohlelo, isisekelo sezingadi zesifunda sinikezwa izinhlobo zendawo i-凤凰单丛 ne-岭头单丛 — amaphesenti angu-93.9 omhlaba; okusele yi-凤凰水仙 (Fènghuáng shuǐxiān) kanye ne-石古坪乌龙 (Shígǔpíng wūlóng).
- Ukwehlukahlukana: Amagama ezinhlobo abalimi abawadlulisela ngomlomo, ngokohlelo, angaphezu kwenkulungwane; kusuka lapho isisho esithi “一树一香，树树不同” — “isihlahla ngasinye sinephunga laso”.
- Izihlahla ezindala: Emzaneni wase-Fenghuang, ngokohlelo, kunezihlahla zetiye ezitshaliwe ezingaphezu kuka-15 000 ezindala kuneminyaka eyikhulu kanye nezingaphezu kuka-4600 ezindala kuneminyaka engamakhulu amabili.
- Izinkathi zonyaka: Itiye lenziwa unyaka wonke; uhlelo lubheka intwasahlobo, ikwindla nobusika njengezinhle kakhulu.
- Izinga lokuqoqa: Akukho mininingwane etholakala emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda nobude: Izintaba enyakatho yesifunda; emzaneni wase-Fenghuang, ngokohlelo, kuneziqongo zase-Fengniaoji (凤鸟髻), amamitha angu-1498. Ububanzi bokuphakama kwezingadi zophawu abukho emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isimo sezulu: Ngokohlelo — olwasolwandle oluseningizimu nesubtropical, oluswakeme, olunenkungu; izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi ngo-2016–2021 lalingu-22.0–22.6 °C, imvula — kusukela ku-1208 kuye ku-2775 mm ngonyaka.
- Isikhathi sonyaka (ngokohlelo): Itiye lasentwasahlobo ligcwele futhi limnandi, elasehlobo — libaba futhi linokuklwebheka, elekwindla nelasebusika — lithambile, linephunga elide eliphakeme.
- Inhlabathi: Ephuzi nebomvu ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-400, i-pH 4.5–6.5, izinto eziphilayo 3.81–4.26%; inhlabathi ebomvu ye-laterite kanye nenhlabathi yerayisi yezintaba eziphansi — i-pH 5.5–6.5.
- Indawo: Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, enikezwe ngesikhathi kusebenza isimiso sikaMasipala, ngo-2024 — izinkulungwane ezingama-280.9 ze-mu zezingadi kanye nezinkulungwane ezingama-36.2 zamathani etiye kuwo wonke umkhakha wesifunda.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Ngezansi uhlelo oluvela ohlelweni lwesifunda lwe-dancong ngokujwayelekile; lokhu yincazelo yomkhakha, hhayi inkambiso yophawu.
- Ukucubungula kokuqala — imisebenzi engu-19, cishe amahora angama-24: ukuqoqa → ukubuna elangeni (晒青, shàiqīng) → ukupholisa (凉青, liángqīng) → imijikelezo emithathu “yokushayisana kweqabunga” (碰青, pèngqīng) kanye nemijikelezo emibili yokuzamuzisa (摇青, yáoqīng), ngamunye nokuphumula → ukulungisa ngokugazinga (炒青, chǎoqīng) → ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn) → ukuhlukanisa izigaxa → ukomisa kokuqala, ukupholisa, ukomisa kokugcina.
- Ukuqedela — imisebenzi engu-10: ukukhetha iziqu → ukwakha iqoqo → ukufudumeza ngamalahle noma ngogesi (焙火, bèihuǒ) → ukupholisa nokugcina isikhashana → ukufudumeza kabusha → ukupholisa → ukulinganisa iqoqo → ukupakisha. Ukufudumeza kabili kuhlanganiswe kuthatha amahora angaba ngu-40.
6. Izici Zezwa
Uhlelo luchaza i-dancong eseqediwe ngefomula ethi «形美、色翠、味甘、香郁» — isimo esihle, umbala oluhlaza okotshani, ukunambitheka okumnandi, iphunga elimnandi — kanye nesidlaliso esithi “amakha phakathi kwetiye” (茶中香水).
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo eningiliziwe; uhlelo lukhuluma ngesimo esihle, kodwa ukuthi “umbala oluhlaza okotshani” ubhekisekephi, alukucacisi.
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Akukho mininingwane etholakala emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lomphefumulo: Iphunga lezimbali lemvelo, eliphakeme nelindizayo (自然花香、香气高扬), elinethoni ekhethekile “yesihlahla” (丛韵, cóngyùn).
- Ukunambitheka: Okumnandi, nokubuya okumnandi okugcwele nokuthambile (回甘醇厚); limelana nokuthululwa okuningi.
- Umbala womphefumulo: Akukho mininingwane etholakala emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isisefo setiye (iqabunga elitheliwe): Akukho mininingwane etholakala emithonjeni etholakele.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ayikho imininingwane yezinombolo kanye nezidingo ze-physicochemical zophawu emithonjeni etholakele. Uhlelo lubhala ngokwekhwalithi: entwasahlobo eqabungeni kuningi izinto ezinuka kamnandi, ama-amino acid ne-theanine, ehlobo — ama-polyphenol ngobuncane be-terpenes.
8. Ukutheka
Umkhuba wesigaba se-oolong.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C.
- Inani letiye: 6–8 g ku-110–150 ml.
- Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot encane yobumba.
- Inqubo:
- Fudumeza izitsha.
- Faka itiye.
- Ligeze ngokushesha ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwakhipha.
- Ukutheka kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-10–20.
- Thela ngokuphelele.
- Ukutheka okuphindwayo nokwengeza isikhathi esincane.
9. Ukugcina
Umkhuba wesigaba se-oolong. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, endaweni epholile emnyama eyomile, ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle.
10. Intengo kanye Namamshamane
Awekho amanani okudayisa emithonjeni etholakele. Uhlelo lulinganisela ukukhiqizwa kuka-2016 ngo-160 yuan ngekhilogremu yetiye elomile — le yinani lokubala lezibalo, hhayi elemakethe.
- Ugwema kanjani amamshamane:
- Funana uphawu lokuhlola “潮州单丛茶” (№ 42507916) kanye nomkhiqizi ovela esifundeni sikaMasipala wase-Chaozhou.
- Ungaluphambanisi no-“凤凰单丛（枞）茶”, no-“凤凰单丛茶” kanye no-“岭头单丛茶” — lokhu ukubhaliswa okuhlukile.
- Khumbula ukuthi igama elithi “dancong” aliqinisekisi imvelaphi: uhlelo luyavuma ukuthi izinhlobo ze-Fenghuang dancong zitshalwa nakwezinye izindawo.
11. Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- I-dancong enephunga le-jasmine, ngokohlelo, ithatha indawo engaphansi kwe-100 mu yezingadi futhi ikhiqiza ngaphansi kwe-7000 kg wetiye.
- Uhlu lokuvuma ngokuhlanganyela kwezimpawu nge-Thailand, okufakwe kulo i-凤凰单丛（枞）茶, uhlelo endaweni eyodwa lukubiza ngokuthi “3+3”, kwenye — “3+5”.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye ama-dancong
- I-Dan Cong (单丛): Ukubukelwa kweqoqo lonke ku-khophasi.
- I-Fenghuang Dan Cong (凤凰单丛): Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo kusukela ngo-2010, onezinga elithi DB4451/T1-2021; ukubhaliswa okuhlukile.
- I-Lingtou Dan Cong (岭头单丛): I-dancong yesifunda sase-Raoping; ngokohlelo, umkhiqizo wezolimo onophawu lwendawo.
- I-Xingning Dan Cong (兴宁单丛): I-dancong yesifunda sase-Meizhou — ngaphandle kwe-Chaozhou.
- I-Guangdong Dan Cong Hong Cha (广东单丛红茶): Itiye elibomvu elenziwe ngeqabunga le-dancong — iqabunga elifanayo, isigaba esihlukile.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Chaozhou Dancong Cha wuphawu lwesifunda phezu kwe-dancong, uhlelo olukubiza ngetiye elimele kakhulu e-Guangdong. Ngophawu ngokwalo imibhalo ikhuluma kancane: inombolo, indawo phakathi kwemikhiqizo emine yetiyi yesifunda kanye nomugqa esimisweni sikaMasipala sango-2025. Nge-dancong yase-Chaozhou uhlelo lwesifunda lukhuluma kabanzi: amagama ezinhlobo angaphezu kwenkulungwane, izihlahla ezindala zase-Fenghuang, ukucubungula okude. Okubalulekile — ungaphambanisi lolu phawu nomkhiqizo onophawu lwe-凤凰单丛（枞）茶.
Imithombo
Amazinga
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo