Bǎizhàngtán Chá (Bǎizhàngtán chá, 百丈潭茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wophikidwa m’poto (炒青, chǎoqīng) wosalala, wochokera ku chigawo cha Tōngchéng (通城县) m’boma la Xiánníng kum’mwera kwenikweni kwa chigawo cha Húběi, pamalire a Húběi, Húnán ndi Jiāngxī. Chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimasiyanitsa kufotokoza kwazinthu ndi «扁平显毫»: tsamba lathyathyathya lowongoka lokhala ndi ubweya woyera wotseguka. Tiyi ndi wachinyamata, wa zaka za m’ma 1990. Mu 2020 dzina linapatsidwa chizindikiro chaulimi cha geographical indication, chachiwiri m’chigawochi, ndipo mu 2025 linalowa m’ndandanda wa zinthu zokhala ndi geographical indication za State Intellectual Property Office ku China.
1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi
- Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira wophikidwa m’poto (炒青, chǎoqīng), wosalala (扁形, biǎnxíng). Kalasiyo imatchulidwa m’kufotokoza kwazinthu zotetezedwa: «百丈潭茶为炒青类扁形绿茶» - “tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wophikidwa m’poto”.
- Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wamakono wa m’chigawo; mankhwala okhala ndi geographical indication.
- Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Húběi (湖北, Húběi), boma la Xiánníng (咸宁, Xiánníng), chigawo cha Tōngchéng (通城, Tōngchéng).
- Malo otetezedwa: Malinga ndi buku la zinthu zakumaloko, matauni khumi ndi limodzi ndi midzi ya m’chigawochi, m’midzi 165 yoyang’anira: 马港镇, 五里镇, 隽水镇, 关刀镇, 沙堆镇, 麦市镇, 塘湖镇, 四庄乡, 大坪乡, 石南镇 ndi 北港镇. Catalogu ya zinthu zokhala ndi geographical indication imatchula malo ngati “dera lomwe lili pansi pa ulamuliro wa chigawo cha Tōngchéng panopa”.
- Ma coordinates a geographical: Malinga ndi buku lomwelo, 113°36′–114°04′ E ndi 29°02′–29°24′ N.
2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe
- Mbiri:
- Zaka za m’ma 1990. Malinga ndi wopempha pa kafukufuku wa 2020, tiyi “anapangidwa kuyambira zaka za m’ma 1990” (自九十年代研制而成); portal ya “Jīngchǔ wǎng” (2020) imatchula 1990, ndipo kulembetsa kwa chizindikiro cha malonda “百丈潭” kumatchulidwa ngati 2003. Palibe zolemba zakale zomwe zidapezeka m’magwero.
- 2005. Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha boma la chigawo, mu July 2005 kampani yopanga tiyi ya dzina lomwelo (通城县百丈潭茶业有限责任公司) inakhazikitsidwa, yomwe ndi bizinesi yayikulu yaulimi ya provincial level. Palibe kulumikizana kwake ndi ndondomeko ya indication komwe kunapezeka m’magwero.
- 2009–2017, mphoto. Malinga ndi buku la zinthu zakumaloko: mu 2009 tiyi adalowa m’magulu asanu apamwamba a tiyi wobiriwira wotchuka wa Xiánníng omwe amalimbikitsidwa, mu 2013 adalandira golide pa X China (Wǔhàn) Agricultural Exhibition, mu 2016 chizindikiro chinadziwika ngati chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha Xiánníng, mu 2017 tiyi adakhala chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mzindawu. Magwero amasiyana: “Jīngchǔ wǎng” imatchula kuzindikiridwa kwa chizindikiro ngati chodziwika mu Xiánníng ku 2008.
- January 2020, kafukufuku. Malinga ndi uthenga wa ofesi ya zaulimi ya Xiánníng, akatswiri adawunika pempho la Tōngchéng County Wild Tea Research Institute (通城县野生茶科学研究所), adapeza kuti ubwino ndi wosiyana ndi ena ndipo adavomereza kulembetsa; ofesiyo inatcha Bǎizhàngtán Chá ngati chinthu chachiwiri cha m’chigawocho chokhala ndi chizindikiro chaulimi cha geographical indication.
- April–May 2020, kulembetsa. Bukuli limatchula chigamulo cha Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs cha 30 April 2020. Pa 19 May portal ya “Jīngchǔ wǎng” (荆楚网) inanena kuti ndi chilengezo cha unduna Na. 290 ziphaso zinalandiridwa ndi zinthu khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi za ku Húběi, ndipo inatchula Bǎizhàngtán Chá pakati pawo. Nambala yolembetsera mu catalogu ya indications ndi AGI02948.
- 2025, ndandanda wa State Office. Mwa chilengezo Na. 640, chosainidwa pa 16 July ndi kufalitsidwa pa 13 August 2025, State Intellectual Property Office inadzindikira zinthu 1409 monga zinthu zokhala ndi geographical indication; catalogu ya indications imayika Bǎizhàngtán Chá ku chilengezo chimenechi.
- Dzina: 百 (bǎi) ndi zana, 丈 (zhàng) ndi zhang, muyeso wakale wa kutalika, 潭 (tán) ndi dziwe lakuya: “dziwe lakuya lalikulu kwambiri”. Ili ndi dzina la malo akumaloko: malinga ndi chidziwitso cha chigawo, limatchedwa chimodzi mwa magulu atatu a magetsi ang’onoang’ono a m’chigawocho, ndipo mowa wakumaloko umatchedwa 百丈潭酒. Chifukwa chake dzinali linaperekedwa kwa tiyi silinafotokozedwe m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
- Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: M’ndandanda wa “Zokoma za Tōngchéng” wa ofesi ya chikhalidwe ndi zokopa alendo ya chigawo (2021), tiyi amatchulidwa ngati “百丈潭有机茶” - organic Bǎizhàngtán tea.
3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira
- Mtundu / Cultivar: Mtundu sunatchulidwe m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
- Zopangira: Zizindikiro za physicochemical m’bukuli zimaperekedwa kwa kukolola kwa masika “mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi” (一芽一叶). Mulingo wa kukolola mulibe m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
- Nthawi yokolola: Palibe masiku enieni m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
- Organic certification: Malinga ndi wopempha pa kafukufuku wa 2020, tiyi kwazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zotsatizana adutsa certification ya boma ya organic tea.
4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima
- Dera: Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha chigawo, Tōngchéng ili kumpoto kwa mapiri a Mùfùshān (幕阜山), kumene Húnán, Húběi ndi Jiāngxī zimakumana. Kum’mawa chigawochi chili m’malire ndi Xiūshuǐ (Jiāngxī), kum’mwera ndi Píngjiāng (Húnán), kumadzulo ndi Yuèyáng ndi Línxiāng (Húnán), kumpoto ndi Chóngyáng (Húběi).
- Kutalika kwa kulima: Malinga ndi buku la zinthu zakumaloko, kutalika m’derali ndi 250–1528 m; palibe deta yapadera ya minda.
- Nyengo: Subtropical monsoon. Deta imasiyana: chidziwitso cha chigawo chimapereka kutentha kwapachaka kwa 15.5–16.7 °C ndi pafupifupi 1500 mm ya mvula, buku limati 17 °C, 1627.3 mm ya mvula, 1694.5 maola a dzuwa pachaka ndi ndalama zapachaka za kutentha kochita kuyambira 3000 mpaka 5100 °C. Nkhalango m’magwero onse ndi 57.5%.
- Nthaka: Malinga ndi bukuli, makamaka red soils ndi yellow-brown soils, pH 4.5–6.8.
- Kukula: Malinga ndi bukuli, malo a minda ya tiyi m’derali ndi 4620 ha; chaka cha deta sichinatchulidwe. Gwero lomwelo limatchula Tōngchéng ngati chimodzi mwa zigawo zitatu zazikulu za tiyi ku Húběi.
5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga
Kufotokoza kwazinthu kumayika tiyi m’gulu lophikidwa m’poto lathyathyathya (炒青); palibe mapu aukadaulo kapena magawo omwe adapezeka m’magwero.
Kwa tiyi wobiriwira wophikidwa m’poto wathyathyathya, ndondomeko yodziwika bwino ndi iyi:
- Kufalitsa tsamba latsopano (摊青, tānqīng).
- Kukhazikika (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumaliza makutidwe ndi okosijeni.
- Kuwongola (理条, lǐtiáo).
- Kuphwanya lathyathyathya (压扁, yābiǎn): Tsamba limapeza mawonekedwe athyathyathya.
- Kuyanika (干燥, gānzào).
Iyi ndi ndondomeko yodziwika bwino ya kalasi, osati kufotokoza kwa ukadaulo wa Bǎizhàngtán Chá.
6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic
Kufotokoza kuli m’munsimu kuchokera ku kufotokoza kwa chinthu chotetezedwa mu catalogu ya indications; bukuli limabwereza.
- Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Lathyathyathya ndi lowongoka (扁平挺直), lolemera ndi lothina (身骨重实), lobiriwira, ndi ubweya woyera (色绿有白毫). Chizindikiro chosiyanitsa ndi “lathyathyathya, ndi ubweya wotseguka” (扁平显毫).
- Nkhwimira ya tsamba louma: Palibe kufotokoza m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
- Nkhwimira ya madzi: Yayitali ndi yokhazikika (香高持久).
- Kukoma: Kwathunthu, ndi kutsekemera kobwerera (醇厚回甘); tiyi amapirira kutulutsa kambiri (耐冲泡).
- Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira ndi wowala (绿亮).
- Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lophikidwa): Lofanana ndi lowala (匀整明亮).
Wopempha pa kafukufuku wa 2020 anafotokoza kukoma ngati “kwathunthu, kotsekemera ndi kwatsopano” (醇厚甘鲜), ndipo tsamba lophikidwa ngati lofanana, lofewa, lotseguka monga “maluwa” athunthu (匀嫩成朵).
7. Kapangidwe ka Chemical
Buku la zinthu zakumaloko limapereka zizindikiro izi kwa kukolola kwa masika “mphukira imodzi ndi tsamba limodzi”:
| Chizindikiro | Mtengo |
|---|---|
| Ma polyphenols a tiyi | osachepera 15% |
| Ma amino acid aulere | osachepera 2% |
| Zinthu zotuluka m’madzi | osachepera 36% |
| Chinyezi | osapitirira 6.5% |
Nambala sizinayerekezedwe ndi zofuna za State Office; palibe deta ya caffeine.
8. Kupanga Tiyi
Mchitidwe wa kalasi kwa tiyi wobiriwira.
- Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
- Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
- Ziwiya: Kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
- Ndondomeko:
- Tenthetsa ziwiya.
- Ikani tiyi ndi kutsanulira madzi m’mbali mwa chidebe.
- Kutulutsa koyamba pambuyo pa masekondi 40-60.
- Imwani, kusiya gawo la madzi.
- Onjezerani madzi.
- Kutulutsa kuwiri kapena katatu mobwerezabwereza.
9. Kusunga
Mchititwe wa kalasi. M’kutsekedwa kwa hermetic, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.
10. Mtengo ndi Zonama
Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
- Momwe mungapewere zonama:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographical indication pa phukusi.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga akuchokera ku chigawo cha Tōngchéng.
- Tsamba ndi lathyathyathya, lowongoka, ndi ubweya woyera wotseguka. Maonekedwe otere ali ndi tiyi wambiri wathyathyathya, choncho chiyambi ndi chizindikiro ndi odalirika kuposa maonekedwe.
11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa
- Dzina la tiyi ndi dzina la malo akumaloko, lomwe limagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi gulu la magesi ang’onoang’ono ndi mowa wa m’chigawocho.
- Mu chilengezo chomwecho cha unduna cha 2020, indication inalandiridwa ndi zinthu zina khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu za ku Húběi, pakati pawo oyandikana nawo a mndandanda, Dōnghé Bìzhēn Chá (董河碧珍茶) ndi Luótián Xiānglù Chá (罗田香露茶).
12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina Wobiriwira
- Tōngchéng Háolǜ (通城毫绿): Tiyi wina wobiriwira wa chigawo chomwecho, wopota wokhala ndi ubweya, wamtundu wa máojiān; Bǎizhàngtán Chá ali ndi tsamba lathyathyathya.
- Xī Hú Lóng Jǐng (西湖龙井): Chitsanzo cha tiyi wobiriwira wophikidwa m’poto wathyathyathya; Bǎizhàngtán Chá ndi tiyi wamtsogolo wa ku Húběi wa mawonekedwe omwewo.
- Sānxiá Lóng Jǐng (三峡龙井): Tiyi wobiriwira wa ku Húběi wopangidwa ndi ukadaulo wa lóngjǐng, wochokera kumadzulo kwa chigawocho.
- Shuāngjǐng Lǜ (双井绿): Tiyi wobiriwira wopota wokhala ndi ubweya wa chigawo choyandikana cha Xiūshuǐ, kutsidya lina la malire a chigawo, ku Jiāngxī.
Pomaliza:
Bǎizhàngtán Chá ndi tiyi wobiriwira wachinyamata wathyathyathya wa mapiri a Tōngchéng pamalire a zigawo zitatu: tsamba lowongoka lokhala ndi ubweya woyera, nkhwimira yayitali yokhazikika, kukoma kwathunthu ndi kubwerera kotsekemera. Zolemba zimafotokoza za malo, maonekedwe ndi kulembetsa, koma sizimatchula mtundu kapena mapu aukadaulo.
Magwero
Chizindikiro cha malo
Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero