Wèng'ān huángjīnyá

Weng’an Huangjinya (Wèng’ān huángjīnyá, 瓮安黄金芽) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba achikasu 黄金芽 wa m’boma la Weng’an (瓮安县) m’chigawo cha Qiannan-Buyi-Miao Autonomous Prefecture chapakati pa chigawo cha Guizhou. Mtundu uwu si wakomweko: unabweretsedwa kuchokera ku Zhejiang mu 2012, ndipo munda waukulu uli m’tauni ya Jianzhong (建中镇), yomwe atolankhani amati ndiye maziko akuluakulu a mtundu uwu m’dzikoli. Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification kuyambira 2018; mwiniwake ndi bungwe la m’boma, lotchedwa ndi mtundu womwewo.

1. Classification ndi Origin

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá) wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba achikasu. “Guizhou ribao” (2023, m’nkhani yosindikizidwanso ndi Xinhua) amatcha “贵州绿茶新品种” — “mtundu watsopano wa tiyi wobiriwira wa Guizhou,” ndipo ofesi ya msonkho ya m’boma (2024) m’ndandanda wa zinthu za kampani yaikulu ya Jianzhong imayika 黄金芽 mu gawo la tiyi wobiriwira — pafupi ndi “白茶” ya masamba oyera ndi Duyun Mao Jian. Sindinawone chikalata cha chizindikiro chofotokoza luso lopangira. “Huangjin” (黄金, “golide”) mu dzinali ndi mtundu wa tsamba, osati gulu: kutenthetsa kwapadera komwe kumapangitsa tiyi kukhala wachikasu ngati gulu kulibe m’mafotokozedwe omwe ndawapeza.
Chenjezo: Dongosolo la m’boma la 2021 limatchula m’zinthu zake zonse “黄金芽” ndi “黄金饼” (“mkate wa golide” woponderezedwa), ndipo m’ndandanda wa kampani yomweyo (2024) palinso “收藏黄金芽” — “黄金芽 wosungira.” Kuchokera ku chiyani komanso ndi luso lotani limene amapangira mkatewo komanso momwe mtundu wosungira umasiyanirana, magwero sakunena.
Gulu: Tiyi wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba achikasu, wozindikira kuwala (光照敏感型); chizindikiro cha geographical certification (证明商标, zhèngmíng shāngbiāo), 2018.
Origin: China, chigawo cha Guizhou (贵州, Guìzhōu), Qiannan-Buyi-Miao Autonomous Prefecture (黔南, Qiánnán), boma la Weng’an (瓮安, Wèng’ān); munda waukulu ndi tauni ya Jianzhong (建中, Jiànzhōng).
Dera la chizindikiro: Boma la Weng’an likutchulidwa ngati mwini chizindikiro; malire ovomerezeka a dera sindinawafufuze.
Ma coordinates a geographical: Boma la Weng’an ndi pafupifupi 27.1° N ndi 107.5° E.

2. Mbiri ndi Cultural Significance

Mbiri:
- 2012. Malinga ndi woimira kampani yomwe ili ndi munda waukulu (magazini ya “Nongchanpin shichang”, 农产品市场, 2023), kale 黄金芽 ku Weng’an sikunalipo: mtunduwu unabweretsedwa kuchokera ku Zhejiang mu 2012. “Guizhou ribao” (2023) imati mtunduwu kampaniyo “idasankha ndi kufalitsa” (选育、推广); malinga ndi nkhani ya kampaniyo yomwe, ndi kubweretsa, osati kusankha. Za mtundu wa ku Zhejiang — onani nkhani ya Anji Huang Jin Ya.
- 2018. Malinga ndi ndandanda wa zizindikiro zonse za geographical za Guizhou, wophatikizidwa ku chidziwitso cha ofesi ya chigawo ya intellectual property ya pa 22 August 2022, chizindikiro “瓮安黄金芽” chinalembedwa pa 28 October 2018; mwiniwake ndi bungwe la makampani a tiyi la Huangjinya la boma la Weng’an (瓮安县黄金芽茶业协会). Ndandandawu supereka nambala ya chizindikiro. Ndandandawu ndi “Guizhou ribao” zimanena za certification mark; chikalata cha kutetezedwa ngati geographical indication sindinachipeze.
- 2021. Dongosolo la boma la chitukuko cha makampani a tiyi limati “gwiritsani ntchito zizindikiro za 瓮安白茶 ndi 瓮安黄金芽” ndipo limatchula mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya zinthu za m’bomali, pakati pake “黄金芽” ndi “黄金饼.”
- 2023. Malinga ndi “Guizhou ribao,” ku Jianzhong kuli minda ya 35.6 thousand mu (1 mu ndi pafupifupi 667 m²) ndipo ndi maziko akuluakulu a 黄金芽 m’dzikoli; tauniyi imapanga tiyi wa mitundu isanu — wofiira, wakuda, wobiriwira, woyera ndi wachikasu.
- 2024. Ofesi ya msonkho ya m’boma ikulemba kuti kampani yaikulu ya Jianzhong ili ndi ma mu oposa 1800 a 黄金芽, 6000 mu a masamba oyera ndi 4800 mu a tiyi wobiriwira.
- 2025. Nkhani ya ofesi ya bungwe la boma ndi boma la tauni ikuti 黄金芽 pamodzi ndi tiyi woyera wosungidwa ndi tiyi wofiira wa Weng’an adalandira certification ngati chinthu chodziwika, chapadera, chabwino ndi chatsopano chaulimi cha dziko (全国名特优新农产品).
Dzina: “Weng’an” (瓮安) ndi dzina la boma; “huangjinya” (黄金芽) ndi “kamera ka golide,” dzina la mtundu. Lipoti la portal ya “Zhongguo wang” (中国网, 2019) limafotokoza motere: chomera ndi chachikasu chaka chonse, tiyi wouma ndi wachikasu chowala, madzi a tiyi ndi achikasu momveka, kukoma kwake ndi kwatsopano, ndipo mtunduwu umalemekezedwa ngati golide.
Cultural significance: Nkhani za 2019 zimatchula dzina la mtunduwu m’makampani — “茶中大熊猫,” “chimphona chachikulu cha tiyi”: chifukwa chakusoweka, kuvuta kulima ndi kasamalidwe kokwera mtengo. Koma mtundu waukulu wa boma si tiyi uyu: dongosolo la 2021 limamanga makampani mozungulira “瓮安欧标茶,” tiyi wokhala ndi miyezo ya ku Ulaya pansi pa dzina la Duyun Mao Jian.

3. Botanical Description ndi Raw Material

Mtundu: 黄金芽 (Huángjīnyá), wa masamba achikasu. Malinga ndi nkhani ya 2019, uwu ndi mtundu wozindikira kuwala wochokera ku mitundu ya masamba achikasu osintha (光照敏感型、黄色系变异). Malinga ndi “Zhongguo wang” (2019), chomera ndi chachikasu chaka chonse, ndipo padzuwa, malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a 2019 ndi 2023, chimawala ngati golide. Mtundu unabweretsedwa, osati kupangidwa ku Weng’an (gawo 2).
Kukolola: Nthawi za kukolola sizinapezeke m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
Muyezo wa kukolola: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
Zofunika pa raw material: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe adapezeka.

4. Terroir ndi Kulima

Dera: Chapakati pa chigawo cha Guizhou. Malinga ndi “Zhongguo wang” (2019), nyengo ya boma ndi ya subtropical humid monsoon, yokhala ndi nyengo zinayi zomveka: kutentha kwapachaka ndi 13.6 °C, nthawi yopanda chisanu ndi masiku 260–280, maola 1226 a dzuwa ndi 1148.2 mm ya mvula pachaka. “Guizhou ribao” (2023) imawonjezera za Jianzhong kuti kuli nkhalango zambiri, madzi ochuluka, mapiri ndi zitunda, ndi nthaka yachonde komanso yozama.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Mu lipoti la 2019, mkulu wa munda akuti kutalika kwapakati kwa malowa ndi 1350 m; nkhani ya boma ya 2025 imatchula malo owonera pakati pa minda ya Jianzhong pa kutalika kwa 1200 m. Miyezo yeniyeni ya minda ya 黄金芽 sikupezeka m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
Nthaka: Mtundu wa nthaka sunatchulidwe m’magwero omwe adapezeka; atolankhani amangolankhula za nthaka yachonde.
Kasamalidwe: Malinga ndi woimira kampani (2023), chifukwa cha amino acid ochuluka, mtunduwu umavutika kwambiri ndi tizilombo, ndipo kusamalira munda kumafuna mphamvu zambiri.
Khalidwe la mtundu: Mtundu wa tsamba umatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa chomera, osati ndi malo: 黄金芽 yemweyo amakula ku Zhejiang ndi m’zigawo zina.

5. Technology ya Kupanga

Chikalata chofotokoza luso la Weng’an Huangjinya sichikupezeka m’magwero omwe adapezeka. Ofesi ya msonkho ya m’boma (2024) imayika 黄金芽 wa kampani yaikulu ya Jianzhong mu gulu la tiyi wobiriwira, koma safotokoza magawo a kupanga.

Pansipa pali ndondomeko yamba ya tiyi wobiriwira, osati kufotokoza kwa tiyi uyu:

Kufalitsa tsamba latsopano (摊青 — tānqīng): Tsambalo limayalidwa mosanjikiza kuti litulutse chinyezi china.
Kukhazikitsa (杀青 — shāqīng): Kutentha kumayimitsa oxidation ndikusunga mtundu wa tsamba.
Kupota (揉捻 — róuniǎn).
Kuyanika (干燥 — gānzào).

6. Organoleptic Characteristics

Maonekedwe a mtundu atolankhani amawafupikitsa ngati “zachikasu zitatu” — 干茶亮黄、汤色明黄、叶底纯黄: tiyi wouma wachikasu chowala, madzi achikasu momveka, pansi pa tsamba lachikasu chenicheni. Umu ndi momwe magazini ya “Nongchanpin shichang” (2023) imafotokozera tiyi wa kampani yaikulu ya Jianzhong; zizindikiro ziwiri zoyamba ziliponso mu lipoti la “Zhongguo wang” (2019).

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Wachikasu chowala (干茶亮黄).
Nkhwima ya tsamba louma: Palibe kufotokoza kwapadera m’magwero omwe adapezeka.
Nkhwima ya madzi a tiyi: Palibe kufotokoza kwapadera; nkhani za 2019 ndi 2023 zimanena za fungo loyera latsopano (清香), osatsimikizira ngati ndi la tsamba louma kapena madzi.
Kukoma: Kwatsopano (味道鲜美 — “Zhongguo wang”, 2019); kwatsopano ndi kokondweretsa (鲜爽怡人 — magazini, 2023).
Mtundu wa madzi: Wachikasu momveka (汤色明黄).
Pansi pa tsamba (tsamba lopangidwa): Lachikasu chenicheni (叶底纯黄).

7. Chemical Composition

Miyezo ya physicochemical ya dzinali sikupezeka m’magwero omwe adapezeka. Woimira kampani yomwe ili ndi munda waukulu adauza magazini ya “Nongchanpin shichang” (2023): tiyi wamba ali ndi amino acid 3–4%, 黄金芽 pafupifupi 10%, tiyi wa kampaniyo mpaka 11.7%. Awa ndi mawu a wopanga popanda njira kapena zitsanzo, osati muyeso.

8. Kupanga

Njira ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira wosalala.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 75–80 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Chida: Kapu yagalasi — m’menemo timawona makamera achikasu.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsa kapu.
2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mphepete.
3. Kupanga koyamba — pakatha masekondi 40–60.
4. Imwani, kusiya gawo la madzi.
5. Onjezerani madzi.
6. Zobwereza ziwiri kapena zitatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira ya gulu. Mu paketi yotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zakonza

Palibe deta yamtengo m’magwero omwe adapezeka. Atolankhani amati mtunduwu ndi wokwera mtengo — “贵如黄金,” “wokwera mtengo ngati golide,” — ndipo woimira kampani (2023) akuti tiyi amagulidwa, ngakhale mtengo wake ndi wokwera; palibe amene akupereka manambala.

Momwe mungapewere zakonza:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha “瓮安黄金芽”; mwiniwake ndi bungwe la makampani a tiyi la Huangjinya la boma la Weng’an.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa boma la Weng’an: mtundu wa 黄金芽 umakula m’zigawo zambiri, ndipo dzina la mtundu lokha silinena malo.
- Musasokoneze ndi chizindikiro chachiwiri cha boma — “瓮安白茶”: ndi dzina lina.
- Tsamba louma ndi lachikasu chowala, madzi ndi achikasu momveka, pansi ndi lachikasu.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Mu 2018 boma linalandira zizindikiro ziwiri ndi mayina a “mitundu”: “woyera” (瓮安白茶) — pa 7 June ndi “wagolide” (瓮安黄金芽) — pa 28 October.
Mwini chizindikiro ndi bungwe la m’boma, lotchedwa ndi dzina la mtundu wa chomera: “bungwe la makampani a tiyi la Huangjinya.”
Tauni ya Jianzhong, kumene kuli munda waukulu wa 黄金芽, “Guizhou ribao” (2023) imatcha “tauni yoyamba ya tiyi woyera wapamwamba wa Guizhou” (贵州省精品白茶第一镇).
Kampani yaikulu ya Jianzhong, malinga ndi ofesi ya msonkho (2024), ili ndi tiyi wa masamba oyera wopitirira katatu kuposa 黄金芽, ndipo tiyi wobiriwira wopitirira kawiri ndi theka; ndipo 黄金芽 ndi “白茶” m’ndandanda wake akulembedwa ngati tiyi wobiriwira.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina

Anji Huang Jin Ya (安吉黄金芽): Mtundu womwewo m’boma la Anji kumpoto kwa Zhejiang.
Jinyun Huangcha (缙云黄茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa Zhejiang wa masamba achikasu, koma kuchokera ku mtundu wina — 中黄2号.
Weng’an Baicha (瓮安白茶): Chizindikiro chachiwiri cha boma lomwelo; gulu lake zikalata sizimatsimikizira.
Duyun Mao Jian (都匀毛尖): Tiyi wamkulu wobiriwira wa prefecture ya Qiannan, pansi pa dzina lake Weng’an imalimbikitsa zinthu zake zazikulu.

Pomaliza:

Weng’an Huangjinya ndi tiyi wobiriwira wochokera ku mtundu wa masamba achikasu wa 黄金芽, womwe udakhazikika m’mapiri a Jianzhong pambuyo pa 2012. Atolankhani amamufotokoza ndi “zachikasu zitatu”: tiyi wouma wachikasu chowala, madzi achikasu momveka ndi pansi lachikasu, ndi fungo ndi kukoma kwatsopano. Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha 2018, ndipo mtunduwo umagwirizanitsa tiyi uyu ndi Anji — malo ake ndi omwe amasiyanitsa.