Táidōng Lùyě hóng wūlóng

Táidōng Lùyě hóng wūlóng (Táidōng Lùyě hóng wūlóng, 臺東鹿野紅烏龍) ndi wulong wofiira wa mdera la Lùyě (鹿野鄉) m’boma la Táidōng kum’mawa kwa Taiwan. Uyu ndi tiyi wachinyamata: adapangidwa mu 2008 ndi nthambi ya Táidōng ya Tea Improvement Station ndi alimi am’deralo kuti akweze dera lotsika la Fúlù lomwe linali likutha. Wulong wofiira ali ndi fermentation yamphamvu kwambiri pakati pa ma wulong onse; madzi ake amakhala ofiira-lalanje ngati a tiyi wofiira, koma kukoma kwake ndi kwa wulong, ndiye dzina lake. Tiyi wa Lùyě amatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha chiyambi cha boma la mderalo; pafupi naye pali chizindikiro china cha boma cha Táidōng cha tiyi wofiira wa wulong.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Wulong (烏龍茶, wūlóngchá): nkhani ya Tea Improvement Station mu kalata ya “Nóngzhèng yǔ nóngqíng” (農政與農情, Januwale 2012), yomwe pambuyo pake ndi “nkhani ya Station”, imayika wulong wofiira m’gulu la qīngchá (青茶, qīngchá).
Gulu: Wulong wofiira (紅烏龍, hóng wūlóng); chizindikiro cha chiyambi (產地證明標章). Malinga ndi tebulo lachidule la zizindikiro za chiyambi la Taiwan Intellectual Property Office, mwiniwake ndi boma la mdera la Lùyě (鹿野鄉公所), ndipo nthawi yoteteza ndi kuyambira 1 Okutobala 2013 mpaka 30 Seputembala 2033.
Chiyambi: Taiwan (臺灣, Táiwān), boma la Táidōng (臺東縣, Táidōng xiàn), mdera la Lùyě (鹿野鄉, Lùyě xiāng), dera la tiyi la Fúlù (福鹿, Fúlù).
Dera la chizindikiro: Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa zizindikiro za chiyambi cha tiyi waku Taiwan mu blog ya 荼公子 (2020), ndi dera la tiyi la Lùyě m’boma la Táidōng; chizindikirocho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha mu mdera la Lùyě. Malinga ndi blog yomweyo, kuvomerezedwa kumaphatikizapo kuyendera malo, kuyang’ana zolemba za kupanga, kusanthula mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuyesa mtundu ndi phukusi.
Chizindikiro cha boma: Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemweyo, chizindikiro chachiwiri cha wulong wofiira chili ndi boma la boma; dera lake ndi mzinda wa Táidōng, maderawa Lùyě, Bēinán, Tàimálǐ, Jīnfēng, Yánpíng, Hǎiduān ndi tawuni ya Guānshān.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Chiyambi. Malinga ndi tsamba la boma la Lùyě, mapiri a Lùyě (鹿野高台) ndi malo opangira tiyi wofiira kuyambira nthawi ya Japan; nkhani ya Station ndi Wikipedia yaku China zimati kubzala kochepa kudayamba m’ma 1960, poyamba chomera cha Assam cha tiyi wofiira, kenako bāozhǒng (包種茶).
- Epulo 1982. Malinga ndi tsamba la mderalo, Lǐ Dēnghuī, yemwe panthawiyo anali wapampando wa chigawo cha Taiwan, atapemphedwa ndi alimi a tiyi adatcha tiyi wa kumeneko “福鹿茶”; pambuyo pa 1988, pamene adakhala pulezidenti, tiyiyo adatchedwa “tiyi wa pulezidenti” (Wikipedia yaku China).
- 1980–1995. Kukula kwakukulu: malinga ndi nkhani ya Station, minda inali ndi mahekitala 500–600.
- Pambuyo pa 1996. Kutsika: tiyi wa mtundu waku Taiwan wochokera ku China ndi Southeast Asia adalowa pamsika (Wikipedia yaku China), ndipo malo adachepa kufika pafupifupi mahekitala 200 (nkhani ya Station).
- 2008. Wulong wofiira adatulutsidwa ku Lùyě. Cholinga, malinga ndi nkhani ya Station, chinali kutulutsa dera lapakati ndi lotsika m’mavuto ndikupeza ntchito ya masamba a chilimwe ndi akugwa.
- Okutobala 2020. Mgwirizano wa wulong wofiira unakhazikitsidwa: malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya 上下游新聞, panthawi yofalitsidwa unali ndi mamembala 38 ndi zaka zapakati zokwana 33.
Dzina: “Wofiira” limatanthauza madzi ofiira-lalanje, ofanana ndi a tiyi wofiira (Wikipedia yaku China). Chifukwa cha kununkhira kwa uchi, tiyiyu amatchedwanso “蜜香紅烏龍” — “wulong wofiira wa kununkhira kwa uchi”.

3. Kufotokozera Za Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mtundu: Palibe mtundu wokakamizidwa womwe udapezeka m’magwero. Malinga ndi Wikipedia yaku China, zopangira ndi mitundu ya wulong ya minda yapakati ndi yotsika, makamaka Dàyè Wūlóng (大葉烏龍, dàyè wūlóng); malinga ndi nkhani ya Station, Hualián ndi Táidōng ndi dera lalikulu kwambiri la mtundu uwu ku Taiwan.
Mitundu ya dera la Fúlù (malinga ndi tsamba la mderalo): Qīngxīn Dàmáo (青心大冇), Qīngxīn Wūlóng (青心烏龍), Jīnxuān (金萱, 台茶12號), Cuìyù (翠玉, 台茶13號) ndi pang’ono Fóshǒu (佛手), Wǔyí (武夷) ndi Sìjìchūn (四季春).
Kusinthasintha kwa zopangira: Malinga ndi nkhani ya Station, zopangira sizitengera kwambiri nyengo, mtundu kapena tizilombo, ndipo munda ukhoza kusamalidwa popanda kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kututa: Malinga ndi Wikipedia yaku China, masamba amatutidwa m’chilimwe ndi m’dzinja, ndipo kututa kwamakina ndi koyenera; zopangira zamakina, malinga ndi nkhani ya Station, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakumwa zozizira ndi zam’chitini. Tsamba la mtundu wa tiyi wofiira waku Táidōng limatcha kututa kwabwino kuyambira 11 mpaka 14 koloko; amatuta kuchokera ku “mphukira ndi masamba awiri” mpaka “mphukira ndi anayi”.

4. Malo ndi Zochitika Zake

Dera la Fúlù. Malinga ndi tsamba la mderalo, ndi dera lalikulu kwambiri la tiyi ku Hualián ndi Táidōng: midzi ya Yǒng’ān (永安) ndi Lóngtián (龍田) ya mdera la Lùyě ndi mudzi wa Yǒngkāng (永康) wa mdera la Yánpíng, mahekitala oposa 400 ndi matani oposa 400 pachaka.
Kutalika: Pafupifupi 300 m (Wikipedia yaku China); pafupifupi 300–400 m (上下游新聞).
Mtunda: Kummawa kuli Coast Mountain Range ndi phiri la Dūlánshān (都蘭山), kumadzulo kuli Central Mountain Range (Wikipedia yaku China).
Nyengo: Malinga ndi Wikipedia yaku China, chinyezi ndi chokwanira, kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku ndikwambiri; kututa kwa m’dzinja kumachedwa mwezi umodzi, ndipo kwa masika kumafulumira mwezi umodzi, kusiyana ndi mapiri ataliatali. Malinga ndi 上下游新聞, ku Lùyě kuli dzuwa lambiri ndipo chinyezi ndi chochepa kuposa 70 %, zomwe ndi zabwino pa fermentation yamphamvu. Malingaliro a chinyezi amasiyana.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga

Malinga ndi nkhani ya Station, ukadaulo wamba wa wulong ndi kufota (萎凋, wěidiāo), kusakaniza (攪拌, jiǎobàn), kukhazikitsa (炒菁, chǎoqīng), kupota (揉捻, róuniǎn) ndi kuumitsa (乾燥, gānzào). Wulong wofiira amapangidwa mosavuta, popanda ntchito yausiku, ndikugogomezera kufota ndi kusakaniza komanso ndi fermentation yayikulu kwambiri pakati pa ma wulong. Wikipedia yaku China imayesa kuti ndi 80–90 % ndipo imati njirayi imabwereka fermentation ya tiyi wofiira, koma imasunga kukhazikitsa kwa wulong.

Tsatanetsatane kuchokera ku magwero achiwiri:

Dongosolo la ntchito. 上下游新聞 imatchula mawu a katswiri wa nthambi: kale chinsinsi cha ukadaulo chinali mu dongosolo la kupota ndi kukhazikitsa. Mwatsatanetsatane gwero silifotokoza.
Njira. Blog ya tiyi ya 荼公子 imafupikitsa ndi mawu atatu: kupota kwamphamvu, fermentation yamphamvu, kuwotcha kwamphamvu (重揉捻、重發酵、重烘焙).
Kuwotcha. Malinga ndi 上下游新聞, ndi kwapakati ndi kwamphamvu, koma kochepa kuposa kwa Dōng Dǐng Wūlóng ndi Tiěguānyīn; kumakulitsa kununkhira kwa uchi kochokera ku kuluma kwa nkhungu (著蜒, zhuóyán), nthawi zina kumapereka kununkhira kwa nkhuni kofanana ndi kwa mtengo wa hinoki cypress. Tsamba la mtundu limatchula maola 20–60 a kuwotcha.
Kuvomerezeka kwa kuwotcha. Malinga ndi nkhani ya Station, kununkhira kochepa kowotcha ndi kovomerezeka, koma kowotcha kwambiri kapena kopsa sikuli.

6. Makhalidwe a Kamvedwe

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Mipira yamizeremizere yakuda yofiira yonyezimira (nkhani ya Station).
Kununkhira kwa masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera komwe kudapezeka m’magwero.
Kununkhira kwa madzi: Zipatso zakupsa (nkhani ya Station); kununkhira kwa uchi ndi kutsekemera ndi kununkhira kwachilengedwe kwa maluwa (Wikipedia yaku China).
Kukoma: Kodzaza, kozungulira ndi kosalala, kwamoyo, kotsekemera (nkhani ya Station).
Mtundu wa madzi: Amber-lalanje wofiira, wowonekera ndi wowala (琥珀橙紅，明亮澄清), malinga ndi nkhani ya Station.
Masamba otsala: Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera; poyerekeza ndi wulong wa madzi ofiira, nkhani ya Station imatcha masamba a wulong wofiira kukhala a amber.

7. Zomwe Zili M’thupi

Palibe deta ya physicochemical ya wulong wofiira waku Lùyě yomwe idapezeka m’magwero.

8. Kaphikidwe

Mchitidwe wa gulu la wulong wa fermentation yamphamvu.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 90–100 °C. Malinga ndi blog ya tiyi ya 荼公子, kotentha ndi konunkhira, kozizira ndi kotsekemera; m’chilimwe pafupifupi 92 °C, m’dzinja 100 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 5–7 g pa 150 ml.
Chotengera: Gàiwǎn kapena mbiya yadothi.
Njira: Kupaka koyamba kwa masekondi 40–60, kulikonse motsatira pang’ono kutalika; blog ya 荼公子 pa madzi otentha imalangiza masekondi 30 pakupaka kulikonse. Malinga ndi nkhani ya Station, tiyiyu amapirira kuthiridwa kochuluka.
Kaphikidwe kozizira: Malinga ndi nkhani ya Station, ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zopangira madzi ozizira; siipereka kuchuluka kwake.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu. M’matumba otsekedwa bwino, pamalo owuma ndi amdima, popanda fungo lachilendo. Malinga ndi nkhani ya Station, pakusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali wulong wofiira samawonongeka pang’ono, ndipo ukhoza kusungidwa ngati “tiyi wakale” (陳年茶).

10. Mtengo ndi Zonama

Malinga ndi 上下游新聞, mtengo wa wulong wofiira waku Lùyě ndi kuyambira 1200 mpaka 8000 wogulira ku Taiwan pa jin. Pamalo oyamba ogulitsira wulong wofiira, omwe adachitika m’dera la tiyi la Lùyě mu June, mitolo 30 idaperekedwa; wabwino kwambiri adagulitsidwa pa 1500 pa liang ziwiri, ndiye 12 000 pa jin.

Momwe mungapewere zonama:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha Lùyě ndipo musasokoneze ndi chizindikiro cha boma cha wulong wofiira waku Táidōng, chomwe dera lake ndi magawo asanu ndi atatu a boma.
- Dzina lakuti “紅烏龍” lokha silikutanthauza Lùyě: malinga ndi nkhani ya Station, wulong wofiira ukhoza kupangidwa m’dera lililonse la tiyi ku Taiwan.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Mapiri a Lùyě amadziwika osati chifukwa cha tiyi chabe: malinga ndi tsamba la mderalo, ndi malo owulukirako ma paraglider.
Tiyi wa masika wa dera la Fúlù amayamba kututidwa kale mu Marichi ndipo amatchedwa “早春茶” kapena “不知春” — “wosadziwa masika” (Wikipedia yaku China).
Bungwe la alimi la Lùyě lili ndi logo yake — nyama ya nthano ya pixiu (貔貅), yomwe imatchedwanso “nswala wakumwamba” (天鹿).

12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Wina waku Taiwan

Hóngshuǐ Wūlóng (紅水烏龍): Malinga ndi nkhani ya Station, ndi tiyi wina: fermentation ndi yochepa, madzi ndi lalanje wachikasu kapena amber, masamba ndi obiriwira ndi m’mphepete mwake ofiira, mawonekedwe opotoka; kwa wulong wofiira, madzi ndi lalanje wofiira, mipira ndi yamizeremizere yakuda.
Dōng Dǐng Wūlóng (凍頂烏龍): Amawotcha kwambiri (malinga ndi 上下游新聞) ndipo amatutidwa ndi manja “mphukira ndi masamba awiri” (Wikipedia yaku China).
Shān Lín Xī Hóng Wūlóng (杉林溪紅烏龍): Wulong wofiira wamapiri ataliatali, wopangidwa ndi ukadaulo womwe unabadwira ku Lùyě.
Tiyi wofiira wa uchi waku Taiwan (臺灣蜜香紅茶): Ndi wofiira, osati wulong; malinga ndi Wikipedia yaku China, adachokera ku Wǔhè mdera la Ruìsuì boma la Hualián ndipo amapangidwanso m’dera la Fúlù.

Pomaliza:

Táidōng Lùyě Hóng Wūlóng ndi wulong wakum’mawa kwa Taiwan wapamtunda wotsika wokhala ndi fermentation yayikulu kwambiri m’gululi, mipira yamizeremizere yakuda yofiira, madzi a amber-lalanje ndi kununkhira kwa zipatso zakupsa ndi uchi. Unabadwa mu 2008 ngati yankho ku kutsika kwa dera la Fúlù; chizindikiro chake cha chiyambi ndi cha mderalo, ndipo kusokoneza ndi chizindikiro cha boma cha Táidōng si bwino.

Magwero

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