Táidōng Lùyě hóng wūlóng

Táidōng Lùyě hóng wūlóng (Táidōng Lùyě hóng wūlóng, 臺東鹿野紅烏龍) iwulong ebomvu yesifunda saseLuye (鹿野鄉) esifundeni saseTaidong empumalanga yeThayiwani. Leli itiye lincane: lasungulwa ngo-2008 yigatsha laseTaidong leSiteshi Sokuthuthukisa Itiye kanye nabalimi bendawo, ukuze kuphakanyiswe isifunda saseFulu esasicwila. I-wulong ebomvu inokuvutshelwa okunamandla kakhulu phakathi kwama-wulong; uketshezi lwayo lunsawolintshi-lubomvu, njengolwetiye elibomvu, kanti ukunambitheka kwayo kungenkwe-wulong — yingakho igama layo linjalo. Itiye laseLuye livikelwe uphawu lokuqinisekisa imvelaphi lomkhandlu wesifunda; eduze kwalo kusebenza uphawu oluhlukile lwesifunda lwe-wulong ebomvu yaseTaidong.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: I-wulong (烏龍茶, wūlóngchá): i-athikili yeSiteshi Sokuthuthukisa Itiye kuyiphephabhuku i-«Nongzheng yu nongqing» (農政與農情, uJanuwari 2012), lapha ngezansi ebizwa ngokuthi «i-athikili yeSiteshi», ibeka i-wulong ebomvu esigabeni se-qingcha (青茶, qīngchá).
Isigaba: I-wulong ebomvu (紅烏龍, hóng wūlóng); uphawu lokuqinisekisa imvelaphi (產地證明標章). Ngokohlu lwezimpawu zemvelaphi lweHhovisi Lezobunikazi Bobuhlakani baseThayiwani, umnikazi wegunya ngumkhandlu wesifunda saseLuye (鹿野鄉公所), isikhathi sokuvikelwa sisukela ku-1 Okthoba 2013 kuya ku-30 Septhemba 2033.
Imvelaphi: IThayiwani (臺灣, Táiwān), isifunda saseTaidong (臺東縣, Táidōng xiàn), isigodi saseLuye (鹿野鄉, Lùyě xiāng), isifunda setiye saseFulu (福鹿, Fúlù).
Indawo yophawu: Ngokubuyekezwa kwezimpawu zemvelaphi zetiye laseThayiwani kubhulogi kaTugongzi (2020), yisifunda setiye saseLuye esifundeni saseTaidong; uphawu lusetshenziswa kuphela esigodini saseLuye. Ngokubhulogi okufanayo, ukuvunyelwa kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa endaweni, ukuhlolwa kwamarekhodi okukhiqiza, ukuhlaziywa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokupakishwa.
Uphawu lwesifunda: Ngokubuyekezwa okufanayo, uphawu lwesibili lwe-wulong ebomvu liphethwe uhulumeni wesifunda; indawo yalo iyidolobha laseTaidong, izigodi zaseLuye, iBeinan, iTaimali, iJinfeng, iYanping, iHaiduan kanye nedolobhana laseGuanshan.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Isiqalo. Ngokwesizindalwazi somkhandlu waseLuye, ithafa laseLuye (鹿野高台) liyisizinda setiye elibomvu kusukela ngesikhathi saseJapan; i-athikili yeSiteshi kanye neWikipedia yesiShayina babeka ukuqala kwezitshalo ezincane ngawo-1960 — kuqala isihlahla sase-Assam setiye elibomvu, bese kuba i-baozhong (包種茶).
- Umbasa 1982. Ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda, uLi Denghui, ngaleso sikhathi owayengusihlalo wesifundazwe saseThayiwani, ngesicelo sabalimi betiye wanikeza itiye lendawo igama elithi «福鹿茶»; ngemva kuka-1988, lapho esengumongameli, itiye laqanjwa ngokuthi «itiye likamongameli» (Wikipedia yesiShayina).
- 1980–1995. Ukuchuma: ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi, amasimu ayehlanganisa amahektha angama-500–600.
- Ngemva kuka-1996. Ukwehla: emakethe kwangena itiye lohlobo lwaseThayiwani elivela eShayina naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (Wikipedia yesiShayina), indawo yancipha yaba cishe amahektha angama-200 (i-athikili yeSiteshi).
- 2008. I-wulong ebomvu yakhishwa eLuye. Inhloso, ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi, bekuwukukhuphula isifunda esiphakathi nesiphansi ekucindezelekeni kanye nokuthola ukusetshenziswa kweqabunga lasehlobo nelasekwindla.
- Okthoba 2020. Kwasungulwa umfelandawonye we-wulong ebomvu: ngokoshicilelo i-上下游新聞, ngesikhathi sokushicilelwa wawunamalungu angama-38 aneminyaka emaphakathi engama-33.
Igama: «Obomvu» kubhekiswa eketshezini olunsawolintshi-lubomvu, olufana nolwetiye elibomvu (Wikipedia yesiShayina). Ngenxa yenothi loju itiye libizwa nangokuthi «蜜香紅烏龍» — «i-wulong ebomvu enephunga loju».

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo lwesihlahla: Uhlobo oluphoqelekile alutholakali emithonjeni etholakele. NgokweWikipedia yesiShayina, izinto zokusetshenziswa ziyizinhlobo ze-wulong zamasimu aphakathi naphansi, ikakhulukazi i-Daye Wulong (大葉烏龍, dàyè wūlóng); ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi, iHualien neTaidong ziyisifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke eThayiwani salolu hlobo.
Izinhlobo zesifunda saseFulu (ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda): Qingxin Damao (青心大冇), Qingxin Wulong (青心烏龍), Jinxuan (金萱, 台茶12號), Cuiyu (翠玉, 台茶13號) kanye nokuncane kweFoshou (佛手), Wuyi (武夷) neSijichun (四季春).
Ukuguquguquka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa: Ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi, izinto zokusetshenziswa azinciki kakhulu enkathini yonyaka, ohlotsheni nasezilokazaneni, futhi insimu ingase isingathwe ngaphandle kokufuthwa ngezibulala-zinambuzane.
Ukuvuna: NgokweWikipedia yesiShayina, iqabunga livunwa ehlobo nasekwindla, futhi ukuvuna ngomshini kuyasebenza; izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingomshini, ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi, zisetshenziselwa iziphuzo ezibandayo nezasemathinini. Iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizo we-wulong ebomvu yaseTaidong ibiza ukuvuna okungcono kakhulu kusukela ngo-11 kuya ku-14 emini; kuvunwa kusukela «kwihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili» kuya «kwihlumela elinamane».

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa

Isifunda saseFulu. Ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda, yisifunda setiye esikhulu kunazo zonke eHualien naseTaidong: amadolobhana aseYongan (永安) naseLongtian (龍田) esigodini saseLuye kanye nedolobhana laseYongkang (永康) esigodini saseYanping, ngaphezu kwamahektha angama-400 nangaphezu kwamathani angama-400 ngonyaka.
Ukuphakama: Cishe amamitha angama-300 (Wikipedia yesiShayina); ngokwesilinganiso amamitha angama-300–400 (上下游新聞).
Ukuma komhlaba: Ngasempumalanga kukhona iNtaba YasoGwini neNtaba iDulanshan (都蘭山), ngasentshonalanga kukhona iNtaba Emaphakathi (Wikipedia yesiShayina).
Isimo sezulu: NgokweWikipedia yesiShayina, umswakama wanele, umehluko wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku mkhulu; ukuvuna kwasebusika kuphuze inyanga eyodwa, kanti ukuvuna kwasebusika kusheshe ngenyanga eyodwa kunasezintabeni eziphakeme. Ngokoshicilelo i-上下游新聞, eLuye kunelanga eliningi nomswakama ongaphansi kwama-70 %, okwenza kube lula ukuvutshelwa okunamandla. Ukulinganisa komswakama kuyahluka.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi, ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile be-wulong buwukushiywa kubune (萎凋, wěidiāo), ukunyakazisa (攪拌, jiǎobàn), ukulungiswa (炒菁, chǎoqīng), ukusongwa (揉捻, róuniǎn) kanye nokomiswa (乾燥, gānzào). I-wulong ebomvu yenziwa ngendlela elula, ngaphandle komsebenzi wasebusuku, ngokugxila ekushiyweni kubune nasekunyakaziseni kanye nokuvutshelwa okunamandla kakhulu phakathi kwama-wulong. I-Wikipedia yesiShayina ikulinganisela ku-80–90 % futhi ibhala ukuthi indlela iboleka ukuvutshelwa kwetiye elibomvu, kodwa igcina ukulungiswa kwe-wulong.

Imininingwane evela emithonjeni yesibili:

Ukuhleleka kwemisebenzi. Ushicilelo i-上下游新聞 lucaphuna izwi likachwepheshe wegatsha: ngaphambili ukhiye oyimfihlo wobuchwepheshe wawusekuhlelekeni kokusongwa nokulungiswa. Umthombo awuwudaluli kabanzi.
Ifomula. Ibhulogi yetiye iTugongzi iyifingqa ngamagama amathathu: ukusongwa okunamandla, ukuvutshelwa okunamandla, ukugazingwa okunamandla (重揉捻、重發酵、重烘焙).
Ukugazinga. Ngokoshicilelo i-上下游新聞, kumaphakathi nokuqinile, kodwa kubuthakathaka kunakwiDong Ding Wulong neTieguanyin; kukhulisa iphunga loju elivela ekulunyweni yi-cicada (著蜒, zhuóyán), kwesinye isikhathi kunikeza inothi lokhuni, eliseduze ne-cypress ye-hinoki. Iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizo ibiza amahora angama-20–60 okugazinga.
Ukuvunyelwa kokugazinga. Ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi, iphunga lokugazinga elincane liyavunyelwa, kodwa elinzima noma elishile akulona.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amabhola ayindilinga anombala obomvu omnyama acwebezelayo (i-athikili yeSiteshi).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Akukho ncazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga loketshezi: Izithelo ezivuthiwe (i-athikili yeSiteshi); iphunga loju elinobumnandi nenothi yezimbali yemvelo (Wikipedia yesiShayina).
Ukunambitheka: Kunothile, kuyindilinga futhi kubushelelezi, kuyaphila, kunoshukela (i-athikili yeSiteshi).
Umbala woketshezi: Unsawolintshi-ngobomvu, ocacile futhi okhanyayo (琥珀橙紅，明亮澄清), ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi.
Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga elidliwe): Akukho ncazelo ehlukile; uma kuqhathaniswa ne-wulong enamanzi abomvu, i-athikili yeSiteshi ibiza iqabunga le-wulong ebomvu ngokuthi linsawolintshi.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical nge-wulong ebomvu yaseLuye emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba se-wulong evutshiwe kakhulu.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–100 °C. Ngokwebhulogi yetiye iTugongzi, uma kushisa kuba nephunga elikhulu, uma kuphola kuba mnandi; ehlobo cishe 92 °C, ebusika 100 °C.
Inani letiye: 5–7 g nge-150 ml.
Isitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot yobumba.
Inqubo: Uketshezi lokuqala — imizuzwana engama-40–60, ngalunye olulandelayo lude kancane; ibhulogi iTugongzi ngamanzi ashisayo yeluleka imizuzwana engama-30 ngoketshezi ngalunye. Ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi, itiye limelana nokuthelwa okuningi.
Ukuphisa okubandayo: Ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi, kungenye yezinto ezingcono kakhulu zoketshezi olubandayo; ayinikezi izilinganiso.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ekupakishweni okuvaliwe, endaweni eyomile nemnyama, ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle. Ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi, uma igcinwe isikhathi eside, i-wulong ebomvu yonakala kancane, futhi ingagcinwa njenge«tiye elidala» (陳年茶).

10. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi

Ngokoshicilelo i-上下游新聞, intengo ye-wulong ebomvu yaseLuye isukela ku-1200 kuya ku-8000 wama-dollar aseThayiwani nge-jin. Ekudayisweni kokuqala okuvulekile kwe-wulong ebomvu, okwenziwa esifundeni setiye saseLuye ngoJuni, kwavezwa amaqoqo angama-30; elihle kakhulu lathengwa ngo-1500 ngama-liang amabili, okungukuthi 12 000 nge-jin.

Indlela yokugwema umgunyathi:
- Thola uphawu lwaseLuye futhi ungaludidanisi nophawu lwesifunda lwe-wulong ebomvu yaseTaidong, indawo yalo eyizindawo eziyisishiyagalombili zesifunda.
- Igama elithi «紅烏龍» ngokwalo alikhombisi eLuye: ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi, i-wulong ebomvu ingenziwa kunoma yisiphi isifunda setiye eThayiwani.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ithafa laseLuye laziwa nje ngetiye kuphela: ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda, liyindawo yokundiza ngamapharaphuthu.
Itiye lasentwasahlobo lesifunda saseFulu liqala ukuvunwa ngoMashi kakade futhi libizwa ngokuthi «早春茶» noma «不知春» — «elingazi intwasahlobo» (Wikipedia yesiShayina).
Inhlangano yabalimi baseLuye inophawu lwayo — isilo senganekwane i-pixiu (貔貅), ebizwa nangokuthi «inyamazane yasezulwini» (天鹿).

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aseThayiwani

Hongshui Wulong (紅水烏龍): Ngokwe-athikili yeSiteshi, leli elinye itiye: ukuvutshelwa kulula, uketshezi lunsawolintshi-nsundu noma lunsawolintshi, iqabunga liluhlaza linomphetho obomvu, isimo sisongekile; e-wulong ebomvu uketshezi lunsawolintshi-lubomvu, amabhola ayindilinga futhi amnyama.
Dong Ding Wulong (凍頂烏龍): Igazingwa kakhulu (ngokoshicilelo i-上下游新聞) futhi ivunwa ngesandla «ngehlumela elinamaqabunga amabili» (Wikipedia yesiShayina).
Shan Lin Xi Hong Wulong (杉林溪紅烏龍): I-wulong ebomvu yasezintabeni eziphakeme, eyenziwe ngobuchwepheshe obavela eLuye.
Itiye lobuju laseThayiwani (臺灣蜜香紅茶): Libomvu, hhayi i-wulong; ngokweWikipedia yesiShayina, lavela eWuhe esigodini saseRuisui esifundeni saseHualien futhi lenziwa nasesifundeni saseFulu.

Ekuphetheni:

ITaidong Luye Hong Wulong iyi-wulong yasempumalanga yeThayiwani esezintabeni eziphansi enokuvutshelwa okunamandla kakhulu esigabeni, amabhola ayindilinga abomvu amnyama, uketshezi olunsawolintshi-lunsawolintshi kanye nephunga lezithelo ezivuthiwe noju. Yazalwa ngo-2008 njengempendulo ekwehleni kwesifunda saseFulu; uphawu lwayo lwemvelaphi lungolwesifunda, futhi akufanele ludidaniswe nophawu lwesifunda lwaseTaidong.

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