Jiāngxià Guāngmíng chá

IJiangxia Guangming Cha (Jiāngxià Guāngmíng chá, 江夏光明茶) itiye eliluhlaza lamadolobhana amane omkhandlu wesitaladi iShanpo (山坡街) esifundeni iJiangxia eningizimu yeWuhan, esifundazweni iHubei. Igama elithi “Guangming” (光明, “ukukhanya”) lapha akulona uphawu lwetiye, kodwa igama ledolobhana lapho kukhona ingadi enkulu, osebeni lwechibi iLiangzihu (梁子湖), eduze kwentaba iTianzishan (天子山). Kusukela ngo-2018 igama livikelwa njengenkombandlela yezolimo yendawo, kusukela ngo-2025 njengomkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Izidingo zokuvikelwa zango-2025 azilibizi ngegama, kodwa zibeka ubuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza, ngokulungiswa, ngaphandle kokubuna ngaphansi kwe-oxidation nangaphandle kokuthungatha. Umnyango wezolimo weWuhan nawo ubhala ngetiye eliluhlaza.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lamagquma aseduze kwamachibi eningizimu yeWuhan; inkombandlela yezolimo yendawo (2018) kanye nomkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo (2025).
Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe iHubei (湖北, Húběi), idolobha iWuhan (武汉, Wǔhàn), isifunda iJiangxia (江夏, Jiāngxià), umkhandlu wesitaladi iShanpo (山坡, Shānpō).
Indawo evikelwe: Amadolobhana amane omkhandlu wesitaladi iShanpo: iGuangming (光明村), iGuangxing (光星村), iGuanghua (光华村) kanye neShangqiao (尚桥村). Umfakisicelo, inhlangano yetiye yaseGuangming yomkhandlu wesitaladi iShanpo (武汉市江夏区山坡街光明茶叶协会).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 114°01′–114°35′ empumalanga, 29°58′–30°32′ enyakatho, ngokwesimemezelo sango-2025. Kumadolobhana amane, unxande ubanzi ngendlela engavamile; akukho ncazelo embhalweni.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ngawo-1970. Ngokomnyango wezolimo weWuhan, izakhamuzi zedolobhana zazenza itiye ngesandla, ngomlilo wezinkuni. Inkampani ekhiqizayo ilandelela umlando wayo kusukela embonini yetiye yase “Guangming No. 2” (原光明二茶场), eyakhiwa ngo-1972.
- Ngemuva kokuqala kwezinguquko. Izihlahla zendawo ezindala, cishe ama-mu ayikhulu, zathathelwa indawo yizinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe.
- Ngo-1986. Umlando wesifunda i “Wuchang Xian Qing” (1986–1990), ocashunwe umnyango, ubhala ukuthi kusukela ngo-1986 itiye eliluhlaza lepulazi laseGuangming iminyaka eminingana lilandelana lathola isicoco sesifundazwe somkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu. Inkampani icacisa: iminyaka yayimine, futhi amatiye ayezibiza nge “碧螺春” kanye ne “龙井” yasekwindla. Igama elithi “江夏光明茶” lalingakabikho ngaleso sikhathi, umkhiqizo wamenywa kuphela ngo-2006.
- Ngo-1993. Ngokwekhasi lokuhweba lomthengisi, itiye elithi “翠毫” lepulazi laseGuangming lathola umklomelo ophakeme kunawo wonke emqhudelwaneni wesifundazwe wasekwindla wamatiye adumile; abukho obunye ubufakazi obutholakala emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ngo-2006. Ngokusekelwa abaphathi bendawo, edolobhaneni iGuangming kwasungulwa inhlangano yetiye, futhi yamemezela umkhiqizo othi “江夏光明茶”.
- Ngo-2018. NgoFebhuwari, inkombandlela yezolimo kahulumeni (inombolo AGI02321). Ikhasi lokuhweba libala eduze noNovemba 2017; imithombo esemthethweni inika u-2018. Uphawu lokuhweba lwe “江夏光明茶”, ngokwalelo khasi lokuhweba, lwabhaliswa ngoNovemba 2018.
- Ngo-2019. Umphakeli wetiye ledolobhana labasubathi beMidlalo Yezempi Yomhlaba yesi-7.
- Ngo-2020. Ngokwekhasi lokuhweba, itiye eliluhlaza elithi “翠毫” lomkhiqizo othi “光明” lathola indondo yegolide embukisweni wama-21 wemikhiqizo “eluhlaza”.
- Ngo-2025. Ngesimemezelo No. 640 sango-16 Julayi 2025 (esashicilelwa ngo-13 Agasti), iHhovisi Likahulumeni Lezobuchwepheshe Bokuqamba lavuma igama njengomkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo. Ngokwemibiko yaseWuhan, lokhu kuyingxenye yokudlulisela izinkombandlela zezolimo zangaphambili ohlelweni olulodwa; kuleso simemezelo, idolobha linemikhiqizo eyishumi nesishiyagalombili.
Igama: “Jiangxia” (江夏) igama lesifunda; “Guangming” (光明) igama ledolobhana. Amanye amadolobhana amabili endaweni, iGuangxing neGuanghua, aqala ngohlamvu olufanayo u-光.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Umnyango weWuhan (2023) ubiza ingcweti eyinhloko ngokuthi isizukulwane sesithathu sabaphathi bamagugu angaphatheki eJiangxia Guangming Cha; ngokwesizindalwazi senkampani, itiye laqokwa njengegugu lamasiko angaphatheki ngumnyango wesifunda wezamasiko eJiangxia. Itiye liyingxenye yomkhiqizo wedolobha i “江城百臻”. Ngokomnyango ofanayo, umkhiqizo unesitifiketi “somkhiqizo oluhlaza” (绿色食品, lǜsè shípǐn); ikhasi lokuhweba libeka izitifiketi ezinjalo zetiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu le “光明” ngoNovemba 2017.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo / Ama-Cultivar: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa: 中茶108 (Zhōngchá 108), 福鼎大白茶 (Fúdǐng dàbáichá), 鄂茶一号 (Èchá 1) kanye nezinye.
Indinganiso yokukha: Izidingo zibala amazinga amaqabunga amasha: ihlumela elilodwa (单芽, dānyá), ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa lapho ihlumela lide kuneqabunga, ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa elilinganayo, nokunye. Kufanele kukhiwe ngesikhathi nangezigaba, kuye ngokuthi itiye elomile elinjani kanye nezinga lekhwalithi elenziwayo.
Isisindo sehlumela: Amahlumela ayikhulu e “hlumela elineqabunga” anesisindo esingaba ngu-8,5 g, leli nani libhalwe ngqo ezidingweni.
Isikhathi sokukha: Azikho izinsuku eziqondile emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Amagquma aseduze kwamachibi eningizimu yeWuhan. Kumateriali womnyango wezolimo weWuhan (2022), umphathi wenye yezinkampani zendawo uthi isizinda sayo setiye silele lapho kuhlangana khona intaba iTianzishan, ichibi iLiangzihu kanye nechibi iShanpohu (山坡湖). Ngokomunye umbhalo womnyango ofanayo (2023), ipulazi letiye eduze kwechibi iLiangzihu cishe unyaka wonke limbozwe inkungu.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Inhlabathi: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa, iphrofayili ijulile, ungqimba olulinywayo lungaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-50, izinto eziphilayo emkhathini olulinywayo zingaphezu kwe-1%, pH 4,7–6,0. I-athikili ye-encyclopedia ye-inthanethi yeBaidu ikhuluma ngenhlabathi ebomvu ene-pH 4,7–6,5; umehluko emkhawulweni ongenhla usalokhu ukhona.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokwaleyo athikili ye-encyclopedia, isimo sezulu esinomswakama wemonsoon: ngokwesilinganiso 16,8 °C ngonyaka, 1347,7 mm wemvula, izinsuku ezingama-268 ezingenasithwathwa. Lezi zinombolo azikwazanga ukuqinisekiswa ngomthombo wokuqala.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ngokwezidingo: Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ukulinywa okungajulile kwenhlabathi, ngaphambi kobusika okujulile; ukufakwa komquba okuyinhloko, izondlo ezengeziwe kanye nokudla ngamaqabunga; ukuvikelwa ngamasu ezolimo, ezinto eziphilayo nangokomzimba.
Ubukhulu: Ngombiko wango-2022, inkampani ekhiqizayo inamapulazi angaphezu kwama-300 mu, ingaphezu kwenkulungwane mu iyahlanganisa njengozakwethu, futhi umsebenzi ubandakanya cishe imizi yabalimi engamakhulu amahlanu. Umthamo wokucubungula, ngokwesizindalwazi senkampani, ungamathani angama-50 ngonyaka. Lokhu kuyimininingwane yenkampani eyodwa, hhayi yendawo yonke evikelwe.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izidingo zokuvikelwa zibeka lolu chungechunge olulandelayo:

Ukuhlakaza amaqabunga amasha (摊放, tānfàng).
Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng).
Ukuqondanisa amaqabunga (理条, lǐtiáo).
Ukugazinga kuze kukhanye (辉炒, huīchǎo).
Ukomisa ngokuphelele nokukhipha iphunga (足干, zúgān; 提香, tíxiāng).
Ukukhetha (精选, jīngxuǎn).

Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi akubhalwanga embhalweni. Ngokomnyango weWuhan (2023), epulazini kugcinwa uhlelo oluyingxube yezandla nomshini: umsebenzi wezandla ulondoloza ubuciko, imishini isusa ubuthakathaka bakho, okungukukhiqiza okuphansi kanye nokungalingani kogqinsi lwamaqabunga.

6. Izici Zokuzwa

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonteka okuncane okuhle (条索纤细), umbala oluhlaza onokukhanya okunamafutha (色泽绿润), uboya obumhlophe buvulekile (白毫显露).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lotshwala obuthelwe: Ngokwenkampani, lihle (气味清雅). Umnyango weWuhan ubhala ngephunga elicashile nelijulile (香幽), ngaphandle kokucacisa ukuthi elomile noma elotshwala.
Ukunambitheka: Ngokomnyango, utshwala busha futhi buhlanzekile, ukunambitheka kwangemuva kuhlala isikhathi eside emlonyeni. Inkampani ibhala ngokunambitheka okusha nokuvuselelayo nokubuya okumnandi (鲜爽回甘).
Umbala wotshwala: Ngokwenkampani, ucacile, ulinganiselwe ngendlela efanele (汤色透明，浓淡相宜); futhi ithembisa “okuluhlaza okuthathu” (三绿): iqabunga elomile eliluhlaza, utshwala obuluhlaza kanye neqabunga elithelelwe eliluhlaza.
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elithelelwe): Lihle futhi liluhlaza (叶底嫩绿), ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo zokuvikelwa zibeka imingcele ephansi yezinkomba ezintathu:

Inkomba	Isidingo
Ama-polyphenols etiye	hhayi ngaphansi kwe-17%
Ama-amino acid akhululekile	hhayi ngaphansi kwe-4%
Izinto ezincibilika emanzini	hhayi ngaphansi kwe-40%

Lezi yizinga, hhayi isilinganiso seqoqo. Ayikho imininingwane nge-caffeine nezinye izinto emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wekilasi letiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha.
2. Beka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukutheleka kokuqala, emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshwala.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wekilasi. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Indlela yokugwema ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu lomkhiqizo onenkombandlela yendawo noma uphawu lwenkombandlela yezolimo.
- Hlola ukuthi itiye lenziwe kwelinye lamadolobhana amane omkhandlu wesitaladi iShanpo, hhayi nje esifundeni iJiangxia.
- Iqabunga lihle, liluhlaza futhi licwebezela, linoboya obuvulekile; iqabunga elithelelwe lihle futhi liluhlaza.
- Khumbula ukuthi amapulazi endawo akhiqiza namanye amatiye: ngokombhalo kusizindalwazi somnyango weWuhan, enye yezinkampani yenza itiye eliphuzi, i “安吉白茶” kanye ne “金骏眉” ebomvu. Izidingo zokuvikelwa zichaza kuphela itiye eliluhlaza.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ngaphambi kwegama laso uqobo, itiye lepulazi laseGuangming lalithola izicoco zesifundazwe zekhwalithi ngaphansi kwamanye amagama, i “碧螺春” kanye ne “龙井” yasekwindla.
Umkhawulo we-amino acid ka-4% uphakeme kunayo yonke phakathi kwamatiye amathathu aseWuhan esimemezelo sango-2025: kwiJiangxia Bifang ngu-1,8%, kwiBaiquan Lücha ngu-2,8%.
“Itiye elimhlophe” lenye yezinkampani zendawo, ngokwencazelo yomnyango weWuhan, lidlula ekubuneni, ekulungiseni, ekusontekeni nasekomiseni; ukulungisa nokusonteka kungamasu etiye eliluhlaza, hhayi elimhlophe.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aseWuhan

IJiangxia Bifang (江夏碧舫): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lesifunda esifanayo, lomkhandlu wesitaladi iWulongquan; ukuvikelwa, ngesimemezelo esifanayo sango-2025.
IBaiquan Lücha (柏泉绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lesifunda iDongxihu enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeWuhan, nalo lisendabeni yesimemezelo sango-2025.
IHuangpi Lücha (黄陂绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lenyakatho yeWuhan.
IBiluochun (碧螺春): Itiye eliluhlaza elisontekiwe laseJiangsu, igama ipulazi laseGuangming elalikhiqiza ngalo itiye ngawo-1980.

Ekuphetheni:

IJiangxia Guangming Cha itiye eliluhlaza lamadolobhana amane eduze kwechibi iLiangzihu, elakhula embonini yezandla yama-1970 eyayithola izicoco zesifundazwe zekhwalithi ngaphansi kwamanye amagama. Igama laso uqobo umkhiqizo walithola ngo-2006, ukuvikelwa ngo-2018 nango-2025. Imibhalo ilidweba ngokunembile: ukusonteka okuncane, iqabunga eliluhlaza elicwebezelayo elinoboya obuvulekile, iqabunga elithelelwe elihle futhi eliluhlaza kanye nomkhawulo ophezulu we-amino acid.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo