Jiāngxià bìfǎng · thetea.app

Jiangxia Bifang (Jiāngxià bìfǎng, 江夏碧舫) itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lesifunda saseJiangxia (江夏区) edolobheni laseWuhan, esifundazweni saseHubei. Izingadi zalo zisemizaneni eyisishiyagalombili nasemapulazini ekomitini lomgwaqo iWulongquan, eduze kwechibi iLiangzihu. Igama lisho “isikebhe esiluhlaza okotshani”: ngokwezincazelo emaphephandabeni aseWuhan, iqabunga elithe xa seliphuziwe lintanta engilazini, linjengesikebhe esiluhlaza. Ngokwephephandaba lendawo, itiye ladalwa ngeminyaka yawo-1980 ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lweFuding Dabai nakwamanye; kusukela ngo-2021 livikelwa njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo, futhi kusukela ngo-2025 njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), eliyisicaba, lohlobo lokugazinga (炒青, chǎoqīng). Izidingo zokuvikela azilibizi ikilasi ngegama, kodwa zichaza ubuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza ukulungisa iqabunga, ukuliqondisa nokulibumba, ukuligazinga ngaphandle kokulivumela ukuthi libunele ukwenzela ukuthi libe bomvu, futhi ngaphandle kokulithambisa. Ohlelweni lweWuhan Radio and Television (2022) kuwebhusayithi yomnyango wezolimo wedolobha, libizwa ngokuqondile ngetiye eliluhlaza lohlobo lokugazinga.
Isicupho segama lendawo: IWulongquan (乌龙泉, “umthombo kadrako omnyama”) imane nje iyigama lekomiti lomgwaqo; u-乌龙 ufana negama le-oolong, kodwa akusho lutho ngekilasi letiye.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba laseWuhan; uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo (AGI03368, 2021) kanye nomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2025).
Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe saseHubei (湖北, Húběi), idolobha iWuhan (武汉, Wǔhàn), isifunda iJiangxia (江夏, Jiāngxià), ikomiti lomgwaqo iWulongquan (乌龙泉街).
Indawo evikelwe: Amayunithi ayisishiyagalombili ekomitini lomgwaqo iWulongquan: imizana yaseQunjian (群建), iQingshan (青山), iChangling (长岭), iTuanjie (团结), iZhifu (致富), iJianshe (建设), iSihua (四化) kanye nepulazi lezingadi (园艺场). Umfakisicelo yisikhungo sokusabalalisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo sesifunda saseJiangxia.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 114°30′–114°44′ empumalanga, 30°13′–30°25′ enyakatho imingcele yendawo ngokwezidingo zokuvikela.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Umlando wakuqala. Ngokombiko weWuhan Radio and Television (2022), itiye eJiangxia belilinywa kusukela ngenkathi yobukhosi bakwaMing (明). Iphephandaba lendawo likhulisela emuva “Incwadi Yetiye” kaLu Yu (陆羽), lapho kushiwo khona itiye lase-Ezhou (鄂州), futhi lihlobanisa i-Ezhou neJiangxia; lokhu kuyincazelo yephephandaba, hhayi umbhalo ngetiye ngokwalo.
- 1956. Ngokwe “Changjiang Daily” (2025), endaweni eyihlane eduze kwaseTuditang (土地堂) kwasungulwa ipulazi likahulumeni lezingadi lesifunda saseWuchang; ngokwephephandaba, ezinyangeni ezimbili kwalinywa ama-800 mu, futhi ipulazi laba yisizinda sezithelo netiye.
- 1980s. Ngokwephephandaba elifanayo, ongoti bobuchwepheshe ngokusekelwe kuFuding Dabai (福鼎大白茶) nakwezinye izinhlobo kanye nobuchwepheshe bendabuko bokugazinga badala itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba futhi baliqamba ngokuthi iJiangxia Bifang.
- 1992. Indondo yethusi embukisweni wokuqala wezolimo kazwelonke kanye nesiqu “setiye elidumile laseHubei” ngokwe “Changjiang Daily”.
- Ukuwohloka nokuvuselelwa. Lapho izingadi zabelwa imindeni ngezinkontileka, itiye, ngokwamazwi ephephandaba, laqala ukugazingwa emagcekeni, futhi izinga lahlukana; kusukela ngo-2010 uphawu lubuyiselwa yinkampani yendawo kanye nomfelandawonye.
- 2021. NgoJuni uMnyango Wezolimo wabhalisa iJiangxia Bifang njengophawu lwezolimo lwendawo (inombolo AGI03368).
- 2024. Ngokwe “Changjiang Daily”, itiye lafakwa kunkomba kazwelonke “yememori yemikhiqizo yezolimo” (农耕农品记忆索引名录).
- 2025. Ihhovisi likazwelonke lempahla yobuhlakani ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 640 laqaphela itiye njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo futhi lashicilela izidingo zalo.
- Umehluko. Iphephandaba elifanayo ngoDisemba 2025 libhala ukuthi isimo somkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo itiye lasithola kakade ngo-2016. Umbhalo ka-2016 angiwutholanga; ngokwemibhalo etholakele, ukuvikela kuqala ngo-2021.
Igama: “Jiangxia” (江夏) yigama lesifunda; “Bifang” (碧舫) “isikebhe esiluhlaza okotshani”: u-碧 ushokotshe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, u-舫 isikebhe, isikebhe esihlotshisiwe sokuzijabulisa (画舫). Engilazini iqabunga eliyisicaba, ngokwezincazelo, lifana nesikebhe esincane kanye nenyanga entsha.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokwe “Changjiang Daily”, ubuchwepheshe bokwenza iJiangxia Bifang kusukela ngo-2024 busohlwini lwesifunda lwamagugu angaphatheki.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Izinhlobo / Ama-Cultivar: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela, izinhlobo eziyinhloko yiFuding Dabai (福鼎大白茶) kanye neZhongcha 108 (中茶108).
Indinganiso yokukha: Izidingo zokuvikela azibeki inani lamaqabunga. Ngokombiko weWuhan Radio and Television (2022), kumatiye adumile aseWuhan kuvamile ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa; umbiko we “Changjiang Daily” ka-2026 ovela engadini yophawu ucacisa ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elisanda kuvuleka, ihlumela lide kuneqabunga. Emugqeni obizayo, ngokwe “Changjiang Daily”, bathatha amahlumela awodwa ngaphambi kweQingming.
Isikhathi sokukha: Ngokwe “Changjiang Daily” (Ephreli 2025), amahlumela aqala ukukhiwa ngemva kokulingana kwentwasahlobo.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Iqabunga lilinganile, ngaphandle kwamahlumela namaqabunga abomvu nansombuluki, ngaphandle kwalabo abalinyazwe izifo nezinambuzane, ngaphandle kwalawo akhiwe emvuleni.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Amagquma aseduze kwechibi eningizimu yeWuhan. Ngokwezidingo zokuvikela, indawo isendaweni evikelwe yamaxhaphozi echibi iLiangzihu (梁子湖); amanzi ezinga I no-II ahlanganisa ngaphezu kuka-85 % wendawo yayo. Isimo sezulu, ngokwezincazelo, sipholile futhi sinomswakama, ukuminyana kwehlathi kungu-85 %.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Inhlabathi: Ikakhulukazi inhlabathi ebomvu (红壤), i-pH 4.7–5.7, ungqimba oluvundile lujule kuno-1 m, izinto eziphilayo ongqimeni olulinywayo zingaphezu kuka-2 %, ngokudonsa kahle kwamanzi nangokunisela.
Ubuciko bokulima ngokwezidingo: Ingadi ilinywa izikhathi ezintathu kuya kwezine ngonyaka entwasahlobo nasehlobo kancane, ngaphambi kobusika kujule. Ukunisela kuhlanganiswe nokufaka umanyolo, futhi uhlelo lulawulwa ngenkundla yamafu.
Isilinganiso: Ngokombiko weWuhan Radio and Television (2022), indawo yezingadi zendawo ingamahektare ayi-160, umkhiqizo ungamathani angama-60 etiye elomile ngonyaka. Ngokwe “Changjiang Daily” (2025), izingadi zophawu, ezihlanganiswe yinkampani nomfelandawonye, zithatha ngaphezu kwe-1200 mu, kuzo ama-200 mu kuyingadi ephilayo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka lolu chungechunge olulandelayo:

Ukukha iqabunga elisha (采摘, cǎizhāi).
Ukunaba (摊放, tānfàng).
Ukumisa (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukupholisa nokubuyisela umswakama (冷却回潮, lěngquè huícháo).
Ukuqondisa iqabunga (理条, lǐtiáo).
Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng).
Ukubumba (整形, zhěngxíng) iqabunga liba isicaba; bese kuphinde kupholiswe.
Ukugazinga ukoma (辉干, huīgān).
Ukukhipha iphunga (提香, tíxiāng).

Amazinga okushisa izidingo ezingawabeki. Ngokwe “Changjiang Daily”, ngesandla iqabunga ligazingwa ebhodweni lensimbi ku-200 °C, kanti efemini kusebenza umugqa wokukhiqiza oqhubekayo.

6. Izici Zezitho Zomzimba

Incazelo engezansi ivela ezidingweni zokuvikela zika-2025.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kubanzi, kuyisicaba futhi kuqondile, ngamaphuzu acijile, kuluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo (外形宽扁平直，两头尖削，色泽碧绿).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lengxube: Lihlanzekile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (清香持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kusha futhi kuvuselelayo, nobumnandi obubuyayo (滋味鲜爽回甘).
Umbala wengxube: Uluhlaza othe mbishana futhi ukhanya (汤色嫩绿明亮).
Phansi kwetiye (iqabunga elimisiwe): Luhlaza, likhanya futhi lilingana (叶底绿亮匀齐).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo zokuvikela zibeka imingcele ephansi yezinkomba ezintathu:

Inkomba	Isidingo
Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilikayo emanzini	hhayi ngaphansi kuka-42 %
Ama-polyphenol etiye	hhayi ngaphansi kuka-22 %
Ama-amino acid akhululekile (isamba)	hhayi ngaphansi kuka-1.8 %

Lezi yizindinganiso, hhayi ukulinganisa kwenqwaba ethile. Ayikho imininingwane nge-caffeine emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wekilasi wetiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi, lapho kubonakala khona “isikebhe” seqabunga, noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukuphisa kokuqala emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yengxube.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphisa okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wekilasi. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ungagwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Funani uphawu lomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo noma uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela ekomitini lomgwaqo iWulongquan esifundeni saseJiangxia.
- Iqabunga libanzi, liyisicaba futhi liqondile, ngamaphuzu acijile, liluhlaza okotshani; ingxube iluhlaza othe mbishana.
- Ungalamukeli igama elithi “乌龙” ekhelini njengophawu lwe-oolong: leli itiye eliluhlaza.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Izingadi zimi endaweni evikelwe yamaxhaphozi echibi iLiangzihu.
Ngokwephephandaba lendawo, umlando wophawu awusuki emzaneni omdala, kodwa usuka epulazini likahulumeni lezingadi, elasungulwa ngo-1956.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aseWuhan

Baiquan Lücha (柏泉绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lesifunda saseDongxihu kolunye uhlangothi lweWuhan.
Jiangxia Guangming Cha (江夏光明茶): Itiye lesibili lesifunda saseJiangxia, elathola isimo somkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo ngesimemezelo esifanayo sika-2025.
Huangpi Lücha (黄陂绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseHuangpi enyakatho yeWuhan.

Ekuphetheni:

IJiangxia Bifang itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba laseningizimu yeWuhan, eladalwa, ngokwephephandaba lendawo, ngeminyaka yawo-1980 futhi laqanjwa ngesimo seqabunga “isikebhe esiluhlaza okotshani”. Imibhalo yokuvikela ilichaza ngokunembile: imizana eyisishiyagalombili namapulazi eduze kwechibi iLiangzihu, izinhlobo zeFuding Dabai neZhongcha 108, iqabunga elibanzi eliyisicaba eliluhlaza okotshani, iphunga elihlanzekile elihlala isikhathi eside kanye nokunambitheka okusha nobumnandi obubuyayo.

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