I-Baoji Chaye (Bǎojī cháyè, 保基茶叶) — umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo lwedolobha lase-Panzhou (盘州市) elingaphansi kwesifunda sase-Liupanshui entshonalanga yesifundazwe sase-Guizhou. Igama linikezwe ngokwesigodi sase-Baoji (保基乡), kodwa indawo evikelwe ibanzi — amadolobhana nezindawo ezingama-22 esifunda. «I-Chaye» (茶叶) isho nje «iqabunga letiye»: igama alisho uhlobo lwetiye, futhi imithombo etholakele ayilubeki uhlobo. Izincazelo zezincwadi zokubhekisela zikhuluma ngezingadi eziphakeme ngo-1700–1900 m, izihlahla zetiye ezindala endaweni yase-Laochang ezineminyaka, ngokwesilinganiso sokuqala, engaphezu kwama-500, kanye nenhlabathi ene-selenium. Igama lathola ukuvikelwa ngo-2016.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Akunqunyiwe. Umbhalo onezimfuneko zomkhiqizo angizange ngiwubone. Iwebhusayithi yezincwadi zokubhekisela ithi itiye laziwa ngephunga eligcwele nombala othi «绿润» — «okuluhlaza okucwebezelayo»; le ndlela yokubhala ivamile etiyeni eliluhlaza, kodwa ayikufakazeli uhlobo, futhi ngenxa yaleyo ndlela eyodwa angilunikezi uhlobo.
- Isigaba: Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn), 2016.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guizhou (贵州, Guìzhōu), isifunda sase-Liupanshui (六盘水, Liùpánshuǐ), idolobha lase-Panzhou (盘州, Pánzhōu).
- Indawo evikelwe: Amadolobhana nezindawo ezingama-22 zase-Panzhou: i-Baoji, i-Yangchang, i-Yuni, i-Jichangping, i-Jiuying, i-Panjiang, i-Banqiao, i-Shuitang, i-Minzhu, i-Laochang, i-Mayi, i-Dashan, i-Huashi, i-Pingdi, i-Pingguan, i-Zhongyi, i-Baotian, i-Putian, i-Xinmin, i-Xiangshui, i-Lemin kanye ne-Huopu. Uhlu luthathwe ekubhalweni kabusha kwezincwadi zokubhekisela; angizange ngiluqhathanise nesimemezelo sokuvikelwa.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: I-Panzhou — cishe u-25,7° enyakatho kanye no-104,5° empumalanga.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando: Imininingwane yokuqala engezansi ivela kuwebhusayithi yezincwadi zokubhekisela ngemikhiqizo yendawo; angizange ngiyibone imithombo yokuqala.
- «I-Canon yetiye». Iwebhusayithi ikhulisela umlando ku-«Chá Jīng» (茶经, Chájīng): lapho kuthiwa itiye likhula ezifundeni zase-Sizhou, i-Bozhou, i-Feizhou ne-Yizhou futhi «ukunambitheka kwalo kuhle kakhulu». Ukuthi i-Baoji ilele phakathi kwalezi zifunda — kuyinkolelo ye-webhusayithi; angizange ngikuthole ukuqinisekiswa.
- Iminyaka ka-Qianlong (乾隆) wobukhosi bakwa-Qing. Ngokubhekisa ku-«Ethnography yase-Guizhou» (贵州民族志) iwebhusayithi ithi itiye lase-Baoji laliyintela yendawo: ama-Han nabantu base-Yi (彝族) minyaka yonke babebhala kunabanikazi bomhlaba nakubabusi bendawo abayizindlalifa (土司、土目).
- 1947. Embukisweni wesifundazwe wemikhiqizo yendawo e-Guiyang itiye lase-Baoji lalimele isifunda.
- Ama-1970. Kwatshalwa izingadi zetiye zesifunda; ngawo-1990 indawo yazo yadlula amahektha angama-800.
- 2007. Isifundazwe sathatha isinqumo sokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wetiye, futhi isifunda sangena phakathi kwezifunda zetiye ezibalulekile zesifundazwe.
- 2016. Ngokwe-webhusayithi yezincwadi zokubhekisela, ngoJulayi 4 iHhovisi Eliphezulu Lokuqapha Ikhwalithi, Ukuhlola kanye Nokuvalelwa (AQSIQ) laqala ukuvikela i-«保基茶叶» njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Angizange ngiwuthole inombolo yesimemezelo.
- 2025. Ngesimemezelo se-CNIPA № 615 sangoJanuwari 23 izinkampani ezingama-363 zathola ilungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo; i-«保基茶叶» — isohlwini lwemikhiqizo. Ukuthi yiziphi izinkampani ezivunyelwe lolu phawu, kushiwo esithasiselweni engingazange ngisibone.
- Igama: «Baoji» (保基) — igama lesigodi; «chaye» (茶叶) — «iqabunga letiye».
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokwe-webhusayithi efanayo, itiye lithandwa yibo bobabili ama-Han endawo nabantu base-Yi, futhi bobabili banamasiko amade okuphuza itiye.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Uhlobo / Cultivar: Emthonjeni otholakele akubaluliwe.
- Izihlahla ezindala: Ngokwe-webhusayithi yezincwadi zokubhekisela, ongoti be-Guizhou Institute of Tea balinganisela ngaphambilini ubudala bomphakathi wezihlahla zetiye ezindala endaweni yase-Laochang (老厂) bungaphezu kweminyaka engama-500. Iwebhusayithi iphetha ngalokho ukuthi i-Panzhou — ingenye yezindawo lapho isitshalo setiye sakhula khona ekuqaleni; lokhu kuyinkolelo yayo. Ukuthi iqabunga lezihlahla ezindala liyangena emkhiqizweni ngaphansi kwaleli gama, akushiwo.
- Izinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuvuna kanye nezinga lokuvuna: Akunamininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Intshonalanga ye-Guizhou. Ngokwe-webhusayithi yezincwadi zokubhekisela — izindawo eziphansi nobubanzi obuphakeme, isimo sezulu esimanzi sase-subtropical monsoon ngaphandle kobusika obunzima futhi ngaphandle kokushisa ehlobo, ukuhlangana kwesikhathi semvula nesikhathi sokufudumala, imvula eningi kanye nomehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku.
- Ukuphakama kokutshala: 1700–1900 m; ngokwalo mthombo, lokhu kungaphezu ngo-200–300 m kunakwezinye izindawo zetiye zase-Liupanshui.
- Inhlabathi: Izingadi, ngokwe-webhusayithi yezincwadi zokubhekisela, zilele ezindongeni zamalahle ezicebile nge-selenium. Izinombolo — esigabeni 7.
- Imithambeka: Ngaphezu kuka-80 % wamasimu esifunda — yindawo enemithambeka, futhi emithambekeni engaphezu kuka-25° akufanele kulinywe. Ukudluliselwa kwaleyo masimu etiyeni ngohlelo lokubuyiselwa komhlaba ehlathini nasebuhlaza iwebhusayithi ikubiza ngokuthi yinqolobane enkulu yokukhula.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Ubucwepheshe abukho emthonjeni otholakele. Uhlobo alunqunyiwe, ngakho-ke angiluvezi nohlelo olujwayelekile lohlobo: etiyeni eliluhlaza, elibomvu noma olunye uhlobo luhlukile.
6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngomzimba
Iwebhusayithi yezincwadi zokubhekisela ichaza itiye ngomusho owodwa: iphunga eligcwele nombala «okuluhlaza okucwebezelayo» (香气浓郁和茶色绿润). Ngetiye eliphakeme lase-Panzhou ngokuvamile yengeza: «清香馥郁，香高持久» — iphunga elihlanzekile eligcwele, eliphakeme neliqinile — nokuthi itiye likwazi ukukhdrlula ukuthululwa kwamanzi amaningi.
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Akunancazelo ehlukile; ukuthi «okuluhlaza okucwebezelayo» kubhekise eqabungeni elomile noma ekungeniseni kwamanzi, akucacisiwe.
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Akunancazelo ehlukile; iphunga libizwa ngokuthi ligcwele ngaphandle kokucaciswa.
- Iphunga lokungeniswa kwamanzi: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukunambitheka: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Umbala wokungeniswa kwamanzi: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iqabunga elithelelwe (iqabunga elibilisiwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ngokwe-webhusayithi yezincwadi zokubhekisela, i-Institute of Geochemistry ye-Academy of Sciences e-Guiyang yahlola inhlabathi netiye lase-Panzhou:
| Isilinganiso | Isilinganiso esiphakathi |
|---|---|
| I-Selenium enhlabathini | 0,376 μg/g |
| I-Selenium etiyeni | 0,12 μg/g |
Unyaka, isampula nendlela iwebhusayithi ayikubizi. Iphinde iqhathanise itiye eliphakeme lase-Guizhou nelase-Zhejiang: ama-amino acid 4–5 % uma kuqhathaniswa no-3 %, izinto ezikhishwayo 45–50 % uma kuqhathaniswa no-38 %. Lezi izinombolo ezijwayelekile zesifundazwe ngaphandle kwesithenjwa sokulinganisa, hhayi izinkomba ze-Baoji Chaye.
8. Ukuthelela
Umkhuba wohlobo — uhlobo alunqunyiwe, futhi imingcele incike ekutheni iyiphi itiye elingaphansi kwaleli gama lisemhlanganweni.
- Eliluhlaza: 80–85 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml, ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan, ukungeniswa kwamanzi kokuqala emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60, ukuthululwa okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.
- Elibomvu: 90–95 °C, 3–5 g ku-150 ml, i-gaiwan noma itipotela le-porcelain, ukuthululwa okufushane nokwengezwa kwesikhathi.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wohlobo. Itiye eliluhlaza — emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga, liphuzwe phakathi nonyaka. Elibomvu — endaweni eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, emaphaketheni aqinile.
10. Intengo kanye Nokukhwabanisa
Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Uzivikela kanjani ekukhohlisweni:
- Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo negama «保基茶叶»: ngo-2025 i-CNIPA yayivumela izinkampani ezintsha kulolu phawu.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela e-Panzhou futhi engomunye wezindawo ezingama-22 zale ndawo.
- Cacisa uhlobo lwetiye: igama alilubizi.
- Ungalididanisi ne-Baojing Huangjin Cha (保靖黄金茶) yase-Hunan: ukuqala kwamagama — 保基 kanye 保靖 — kwehluka ngohlamvu olulodwa.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Igama linikezwe ngesigodi esisodwa, kanti indawo evikelwe ihlanganisa amadolobhana nezindawo ezingama-22 zesifunda.
- Izingadi zase-Panzhou, ngokwemininingwane yezincwadi zokubhekisela, zingaphezu ngo-200–300 m kunezinye izindawo zetiye zesifunda sayo.
- Itiye lase-Baoji, ngokulandisa kabusha kwe-«Ethnography yase-Guizhou», ngesikhathi sika-Qing lalithunyelwa njengentela kubabusi bendawo abayizindlalifa.
- Ngo-1947 itiye lase-Baoji lalimele isifunda embukisweni wesifundazwe e-Guiyang.
12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye asentshonalanga ye-Guizhou
- I-Shuicheng Chun Cha (水城春茶): Itiye eliluhlaza eliphakeme lesifunda esifanayo sase-Liupanshui; uhlobo lwalo lunqunyiwe, kanti lwe-Baoji Chaye alunqunyiwe.
- I-Jiuceng Shan Lü Cha (九层山绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba zase-Jiucengshan esifundeni sase-Liupanshui.
- I-Pu’an Siqiu Cha (普安四球茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Pu’an elivela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwesitshalo setiye i-四球茶.
- I-Qishe Cha (七舍茶): Itiye lasentabeni ledolobha lase-Xingyi; uhlobo lwalo lunqunyiwe ngokwezimfuneko zomkhiqizo.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Baoji Chaye — igama elivikela indawo, hhayi itiye elithile: amadolobhana nezindawo ezingama-22 zase-Panzhou anezingadi eziku-1700–1900 m, izihlahla ezindala zendawo yase-Laochang kanye nenhlabathi ene-selenium. Ukuvikelwa kusebenza kusukela ngo-2016, futhi ngo-2025 i-CNIPA yayivumela izinkampani ezintsha kulolu phawu. Izinhlobo, ubuchwepheshe kanye nezincazelo zokubukeka imithombo etholakele ayizinikezi, ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga itiye ngaphansi kwaleli gama, okokuqala kufanele wazi uhlobo lwalo.