Shítíng lǜchá · thetea.app

IShiting Lücha (Shítíng lǜchá, 石亭绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba zaseJiu Rishan kanye nesiqongo seLianhuafeng edolobhaneni laseFengzhou, esifundeni sedolobha laseNan’an (南安市) esifundeni saseQuanzhou eningizimu yesifundazwe saseFujian. INingizimu yeFujian yaziwa ngokuyinhloko nge-oolong, kanti iShiting itiye eliluhlaza eliqiniswe ngokugazingwa; umbhalo omfushane womlando waseQuanzhou ulibiza njengetiye elilodwa lamatiye ayisishiyagalombili adumile aseFujian. Igama lalo linikezwe indlu yamatshe (i-pavilion) esiqongweni seLianhuafeng eduze kwethempeli laseShitingi, kanti emadwaleni esiqongo esifanayo kunombhalo othi «莲花荼襟» onosuku luka-376 AD, obizwa ngokuthi umbhalo wasendulo kunayo yonke eFujian ophathelene netiye. Izimpawu ezaziwa kakhulu zaleli tiye yindlela ethi «amakha amathathu nokuhlaza okuthathu».

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), eliqiniswe ngokugazingwa (炒青, chǎoqīng).
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lomlando leningizimu yeFujian; uphawu lwendawo (2012).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), isifunda saseQuanzhou (泉州, Quánzhōu), idolobha laseNan’an (南安市, Nán’ānshì), idolobhana laseFengzhou (丰州镇): izintaba zaseJiu Rishan (九日山) nesiqongo seLianhuang (莲花峰).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Idolobhana laseFengzhou cishe liku-24.95° enyakatho kanye no-118.5° empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Umbhalo othi «莲花荼襟». U-荼 uyindlela yasendulo yokubhala igama elithi «itiye»; ngokuchazwa, umbhalo uthi amasimu etiye azungeze isiqongo seLianhua asakazeka «njengemiphetho nebhande lengubo». Unosuku oluthi «太元丙子» — unyaka ka-376, inkathi kaTaiyuan yobukhosi bakwaJin. Iphephandaba iFujian Ribao libiza lona njengombhalo wasendulo kunayo yonke eFujian ophathelene netiye, owandulela iThe Classic of Tea kaLu Yu ngeminyaka engaphezu kuka-400. Umbhali akaziwa. Ngokombhalo omfushane weFujian Yanhuang Culture Research Society, umbhalo wangempela wabhubha ngesikhathi sokuqhunyiswa kwamatshe ekwakhiweni kwesikole, kanti umbhalo wamanje uyikopi ebuyiselwe ngokusekelwe emibhalweni yomlando.
- Inganekwane ngezindela. Umbhalo omfushane womlando ulandisa inganekwane ethi ngesikhathi sikaSong, izindela zathola izihlahla zetiye emifantwini yamadwala esiqongweni futhi zaqala ukuzilima.
- ISouthern Song. Ngokwalowo mbhalo omfushane weYanhuang Society, ngesikhathi sikaChunxi (1174–1189) isikhulu uFu Zongjiao sashiya esiqongweni imibhalo emayelana netiye, phakathi kwayo kukhona ethi «岩缝茶香» — «iphunga letiye emfantwini wedwala» — kanye nethi «斗茶而归» — «ngibuyile emqhudelwaneni wetiye».
- Usuku lokuzalwa — kuyaphikiswana. Imithombo ikhuluma ngesikhathi sokuvela kwetiye ngezindlela ezahlukene — kusukela enkathini yeJin kuya ekupheleni kweSong. Lapha angilusizi lolu suku.
- I-Qing. Ngokwenganekwane elandiswa ababhali bomlando, ngesikhathi sika-Daoguang Emperor (1821–1850) indela yaletha itiye enhlokodolobha, futhi itiye lathola igama lokuncoma elithi «上品莲花» — kwenye inganekwane «尚品莲花». Umbhalo omfushane womlando ubhala ukuthi ngemva kwalokho itiye lathunyelwa nge-Xiamen eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseTaiwan, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwanda kusuka emashumini amabili kuya kwamathathu e-jin kuya ngaphezu kuka-60,000; phakathi nempi imizila yasolwandle yavaleka futhi amasimu alimala.
- 1952. Ngokwe-Fujian Ribao, uMnyango Wezolimo wagunyaza iShiting njengetiye elidumile lomlando.
- 2012. Kwabhaliswa uphawu lwendawo «石亭绿茶» (No. 8757651) — uphawu lokuqala lolo hlobo lwaseNan’an. Abezindaba balubiza ngo «石亭绿», uhlu lwesifundazwe lubiza ngo «石亭绿茶».
- 2024. Ngokwe-Fujian Ribao, itiye lafakwa kukhathalogi kazwelonke yemikhiqizo yezolimo ehamba phambili neyakhethekile «名特优新».
Igama:
- «Shiting» (石亭) — «indlu yamatshe» esiqongweni seLianhuang, eduze kwethempeli laseShitingi.
- «Lücha» (绿茶, lǜchá) — «itiye eliluhlaza»; ngokolimi lwansuku zonke — «石亭绿».
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IShiting iyisibonelo setiye eliluhlaza endaweni eyaziwa nge-oolong. EQuanzhou, ichweba lasendulo leMaritime Silk Road, lokhu kungenye yezindaba zetiye ezindala kakhulu, ezibhalwe ngqo etsheni.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Umbhalo onezinhlobo zezitshalo awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele. Umbhalo omfushane womlando ubhala ukuthi ekupheleni kwe-Qing indela eyayiphethe amasimu yahlukanisa izihlahla ngezinhlobo ezine: «白石莲» — eneqabunga elithambile kancane, «石观音» — eneqabunga elide elincane elicijile elinamazinyo, «红梅品» — eneqabunga eliphezulu elibomvu kancane kanye nohlobo lwe «瓜子叶» — oluneqabunga elimise okwembewu yethanga.
Ukuvuna: Ngokwemibhalo emifushane, ukuvuna kungenzeka cishe unyaka wonke, itiye elingcono kakhulu likhiqizwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Itiye lasentwasahlobo «首春茶» livunwa kusukela eQingming kuya eGuyu; ngemva kwalo kulandela itiye lasehlobo, itiye «elishisayo» (暑茶) kanye nencane yasebusika «冬片».
Izinga lokuvuna: Ngokwe-Chinese Tea Dictionary (中国茶叶大辞典) njengoba icashunwa ababhali bomlando — ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili (一芽二叶).
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Iqabunga elivela ezintabeni zaseJiu Rishan nesiqongweni seLianhuang edolobhaneni laseFengzhou.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokulima

Isifunda: Izintaba eziseduze nesikhungo esidala sesifunda iFengzhou: iJiu Rishan — intaba eyaziwa ngemibhalo yamadwala, kanye nesiqongo esiseduze iLianhuang.
Ukuphakama, inhlabathi: Imininingwane ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele. Umbhalo omfushane womlando uchaza indawo njengefudumele, enomswakama futhi enenkungu, nenhlabathi ecebile ngamaminerali amadwala agugile.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo esingasogwini oluseningizimu yeQuanzhou; imininingwane eqondile yamasimu ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
Amasimu: Ngokwe-Fujian Ribao (2025), esiqongweni seLianhuang kukhona cishe ama-300 mu amasimu, kanti ukukhiqizwa kungamashumi ezinkulungwane ze-jin ngonyaka. Amasimu alele phakathi kwamadwala anemibhalo yasendulo, eduze kwethempeli.
Itiye lakuqala: Umbhalo omfushane ugomela ukuthi itiye lasentwasahlobo lapha livuthwa ngaphambi kwawo wonke eFujian; lokhu akukwazanga ukuqinisekiswa kweminye imithombo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

IShiting itiye eliluhlaza eliqiniswe ngokugazingwa (炒青). Ngokwe-Chinese Tea Dictionary njengoba icashunwa ababhali bomlando, lenziwa kanjena:

Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukusonta (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukuqeda ukomisa ebhodweni (炒干, chǎogān).

Iphephandaba iFujian Ribao libiza izigaba ngokubanzi — kusukela ekuvuneni nasekuqiniseni kuya ekusonteni nasekushiseni (烘焙). Amazinga okushisa nezikhathi azitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic

Ifomula ethi «三香三绿» — «amakha amathathu, okuhlaza okuthathu». Okungezansi kususelwa ku-Chinese Tea Dictionary njengoba icashunwa ababhali bomlando, kanye nezibambela lapho imithombo ihlukana khona:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonteka okuminyene, kusinda (紧结重实); umbala u-silvery-grey nokuhlaza (银灰带绿) — «ukuhlaza» kokuqala.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Akukho ncazelo ehlukile.
Iphunga lotshala: Kunephunga eligcwele (香浓郁). Kuya ngenkathi yonyaka yokuvuna kufana ne-orchid (兰花), ubhontshisi oluhlaza (绿豆) noma uhlamvu lwe-apricot (杏仁) — lawa «amakha amathathu».
Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile futhi kusha (醇爽).
Umbala wotshala: Kucacile, kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (清澈碧绿) — «ukuhlaza» kwesibili.
Iqabunga elingaphansi (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Licacile, liluhlaza okotshani okuthambile (明翠嫩绿) — «ukuhlaza» kwesithathu. I-Fujian Ribao ibhala ukuthi «明翠润绿», umbhalo omfushane womlando ubhala «淡绿», okuluhlaza okuphaphathekile.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Imininingwane ye-physicochemical ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan emhlophe — ukuze ubone utshala oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, — noma ingilazi yeglasi.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha.
2. Faka itiye.
3. Thela amanzi amancane, vumela ukusonteka okuminyene kuvuleke imizuzwana engama-30.
4. Thela amanzi engeziwe; utshala bokuqala — imizuzu e1–2.
5. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yotshala.
6. Ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Itiye lenkathi yonyaka, akudingeki ukuguga.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhonyovu

Imininingwane ngezintengo ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

Indlela yokugwema imikhonyovu:
- Bheka uphawu «石亭绿茶».
- Qiniseka ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela edolobhaneni laseFengzhou.
- Qhathanisa ukubukeka nencazelo: iqabunga liminyene, lisinda, li-silvery-grey nokuhlaza; utshala buluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Umbhalo othi «莲花荼襟» unosuku luka-376, kodwa owamanje uyikopi: owangempela wabhubha ngesikhathi kwakhiwa isikole.
Imibhalo yaseSong esiqongweni esifanayo ikhuluma ngephunga letiye emfantwini wedwala kanye nemiqhudelwano yetiye.
«Amakha amathathu» awazwakali kanyekanye: ngokwesichazamazwi, iphunga lincike enkathini yonyaka yokuvuna.
IShiting itiye eliluhlaza endaweni ye-oolong: iAnxi engumakhelwane idume ngeTieguanyin.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye

I-Tieguanyin (铁观音): Itiye eliyinhloko lase-Anxi engumakhelwane — i-oolong; IShiting ikhombisa ukuthi indawo efanayo iyalazi netiye eliluhlaza.
I-Wuping Lücha (武平绿茶): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza laseFujian eliqiniswe ngokugazingwa, elivela entshonalanga yesifundazwe.
I-Tianshan Lücha (天山绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeFujian, elivela ezintabeni zesifunda saseNingde; lomiswa ngomoya oshisayo, hhayi ebhodweni.

Ekuphetheni:

IShiting Lücha itiye eliluhlaza elinomlando obhalwe etsheni: umbhalo onosuku luka-376 esiqongweni seLianhuang (manje osekuyikopi ebuyiselwe), imibhalo yaseSong ngemiqhudelwano yetiye, indlu yamatshe eyanikeza igama. Enkomishini lizwakala ngefomula ethi «amakha amathathu, okuhlaza okuthathu»: iqabunga eli-silvery-grey nokuhlaza, utshala obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iqabunga eliphisiwe eliluhlaza elicacile, kanye nephunga elincike enkathini yonyaka elinokufana ne-orchid, ubhontshisi oluhlaza noma uhlamvu lwe-apricot. Leli izwi elingandile eliluhlaza leningizimu yeFujian.

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