Zhèn'ān Xiàngyuán chá

I-Zhen’an Xiangyuan Cha (Zhèn’ān Xiàngyuán chá, 镇安象园茶) — “itiye lase-Xiangyuan lase-Zhen’an”, itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Zhen’an (镇安县) esifundeni sedolobha sase-Shangluo emthambekeni oseningizimu we-Qinling Range, esifundazweni sase-Shaanxi. Igama linikezwe isigodi i-Xiangyuan (象园沟) eduze kwesigodi sanamuhla sase-Xiangyuan edolobhaneni lase-Daren, lapho, ngokomlando wesifunda, imbewu yokuqala yetiye yatshalwa ngo-1644. Uphawu oluphambili ezincazelweni — iphunga le-castnut; umkhiqizo odume kakhulu — i-Xiangyuan Wuya (象园雾芽). Kusukela ngomhla ka-13 Mashi 2024 igama livikelwe wuphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo — uphawu lokuqala lwetiye lalolu hlobo esifundeni sase-Shangluo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Ngokulandisa kwemithetho yokusebenzisa uphawu, umkhiqizo kufanele uhambisane nezinga leqembu “镇安象园绿茶” — “I-Zhen’an Xiangyuan green tea”; izinombolo nombhalo wezinga awutholakalanga. Isifunda senza netiye elimhlophe, nelibomvu, kodwa emibhalweni etholakele ngesibonakaliso akukhulunywanga ngakho.
Isigaba: Umkhiqizo wesifunda; uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (2024). Ukushicilelwa kuka-2026 kubika futhi ngesitifiketi sikahulumeni somkhiqizo wezolimo onesibonakaliso sendawo, ngaphandle kwenombolo nosuku. Isimemezelo № 646 (2025) se-State Intellectual Property Office savuma imikhiqizo engu-870 enezimpawu zendawo, phakathi kwazo okwakuyizimpawu zezolimo zakudala; ukuthi i-Zhen’an Xiangyuan Cha ikhona yini kulolu hlu, akukwazanga ukuqinisekiswa emithonjeni etholakele.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Shaanxi (陕西, Shǎnxī), isifunda sedolobha sase-Shangluo (商洛, Shāngluò), isifunda sase-Zhen’an (镇安, Zhèn’ān).
Indawo yophawu: Ngokulandisa kwemithetho yokusebenzisa uphawu (Ephreli 2024) — amayunithi ayisishiyagalolunye esifunda: amadolobhana i-Daren, i-Chaiping, i-Yuehe, i-Muwang, i-Miaogou, i-Yungaisi, i-Huilong ne-Qingtongguan, kanye nekomidi lomgwaqo lase-Yongle. Uhlu alukaqhathaniswanga nombhalo wemithetho.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isikhungo sesifunda — cishe u-33.4° N no-109.2° E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Endulo. Ukushicilelwa kwendawo kubhala ukuthi endaweni yase-Miaogou kwatholakala izihlahla zetiye zasendle ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-500; awusho umthombo wokuqala.
- 1644. “Umlando Wesifunda Sase-Zhen’an” (《镇安县志》), njengoba ucashunwa ukushicilelwa kwendawo: u-Liu Zhengmin (刘正民) wasedolobhaneni lase-Pengcheng esifundeni sase-Hezhou e-Anhui ngonyaka wokuqala we-Shunzhi wathuthela esigodini sase-Xiangyuan futhi waletha imbewu yetiye. Watshala ngawo lowo nyaka, ngakusasa kwahluma izihlahla ezine, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva insimu yakhula yafinyelela ku-15 mu.
- 1927. Ngokwalo mlando, umthengisi wetiye u-Peng Chuanqing (彭传清) wase-Ziyang, edlula e-Xiangyuan, wabona izihlahla ezinhle, wakhombisa ukuthi itiye lenziwa kanjani, futhi wazinza e-Shizikou (manje okuyisigodi sase-Xinfeng). “Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi itiye lase-Xiangyuan lakhula.”
- 2008–2012. I-Xiangyuan Wuya yophawu lwe-”栗乡缘” lwenkampani i-Shenghua (盛华) yathola isiliva negolide emibukisweni yetiye yase-Xi’an, Hanzhong, Ankang ne-Shangluo; ngo-2012 yaqashelwa njengomkhiqizo wophawu lwesifundazwe sase-Shaanxi.
- 2024. Ngomhla ka-13 Mashi i-State Intellectual Property Office yabhalisa uphawu lwesitifiketi “镇安象园茶”; umfakisicelo nomnikazi — inhlangano yezimboni zetiye zesifunda (镇安县茶叶产业协会). Isimemezelo sokubhaliswa safundwa ngomhla ka-28 Mashi emcimbini wokuvula isizini esigodini sase-Xiangyuan.
- 2026. Ngaphambi kokuvuna kwentwasahlobo abamele izinkampani eziyi-12, ezithole ilungelo lophawu, benza isithembiso esihlanganyelwe sokulondoloza ikhwalithi — ngokombiko ka-Ephreli 2026.
Iminyaka yesiko: Emithonjeni — kusukela “ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-300” kuya “ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-400”; kusukela ngo-1644 lokho cishe iminyaka engu-380.
Igama: 镇安 — igama lesifunda; 象园 (Xiàngyuán) — igama lesigodi nesigodi. Igama lomkhiqizo “象园雾芽” — “amahlumela anenkungu ase-Xiangyuan” — ngokwenganekwane yendawo, laqanjwa ingcweti yokugazinga eyayimenywe evela e-Jiangsu: yahlatshwa umxhwele amafu nenkungu yalapha. Indawo ayephuma kuyo emthonjeni ibhalwe ngokuthi “潥阳”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ukushicilelwa kuka-2026 kukhuluma ngendlalifa yamagugu angaphatheki etiye lase-Xiangyuan; ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bafakwa kuliphi uhlu futhi nini, emithonjeni etholakele akushiwongo.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Amagama ezinhlobo awatholakali emithonjeni. Umlando ukhuluma kuphela ngembewu eyalethwa evela e-Anhui ngo-1644.
Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Ngokombiko womcimbi wokuvula isizini ka-2024, lapho kwafundwa khona isimemezelo sophawu, — ngokuvamile ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa noma amabili avele esanda kuvuleka, aqoqwe eduze komkhosi we-Qingming.
Isikhathi sokuvuna: Ngokwamazwi kasihlalo wenhlangano yetiye yesifunda (2024), ukuvuna kuqala cishe izinsuku eziyishumi kamuva kunasezindaweni zetiye zase-Hanzhong nase-Ankang.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Umthambeka oseningizimu we-Qinling, ekujuleni kwezintaba; isifunda siseduze nomngcele osenyakatho wokutshalwa kwetiye lase-China, futhi izincazelo zezokuvakasha zibiza itiye lendawo ngokuthi “itiye eliphakeme kakhulu enyakatho” — le yindlela yokukhangisa.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: 800–1500 m — ngokwamazwi kasihlalo wenhlangano yetiye yesifunda (2024); inkampani ekhiqizayo ngo-2015 yabhala ngezinsimu “ezingaphezu kuka-800 m”.
Isimo sezulu: Umehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku kanye nosuku olude lokukhanya — ngokwalawo mazwi.
Inhlabathi: Usihlalo wenhlangano ukhuluma ngezinhlabathi ezinosawoti futhi uyaxhumanisa nokuceba kwetiye nge-selenium; akukho kuhlaziywa emithonjeni etholakele.
I-Castnut: Inkampani i-Shenghua ichaza iphunga le-castnut ngokuthi i-Zhen’an “yindawo yama-castnut” (中国板栗之乡); lena incazelo yomkhiqizi.
Ububanzi bezinsimu: Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda ekulandiseni kwabezindaba — “ngaphezu kuka-60 wezinkulungwane mu” (ngaphandle kosuku), 105 izinkulungwane mu (2021; kunjalo nasembikweni wesifunda ngoMashi 2024), 117.5 izinkulungwane mu kanye no-1280 t (umbiko weviki elilandelayo, Mashi 2024), 118 izinkulungwane mu (2026).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izinga leqembu libeka indawo, izinto ezingavuthiwe nobuchwepheshe, kodwa umbhalo nenombolo yalo akutholakalanga. Imibiko evela efekthri yase-Shenghua inikeza i-Xiangyuan Wuya uchungechunge ngaphandle kwemingcele: ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng) → ukulinganisa iqabunga (理条, lǐtiáo) → ukubumba (做形, zuòxíng) → ukomisa (烘焙, hōngbèi) → ukusefa nokukhetha (筛分, 精选), lapho amaqabunga aphuzi neziqu kukhethwa ngomshini nangomunwe. Lena incazelo yomkhiqizi oyedwa. Imigqa ye-Shenghua mithathu (incazelo yenkampani, 2015):

I-Xiangyuan Wuya (象园雾芽, Xiàngyuán wùyá) — amahlumela athambile aqoqwe eduze ne-Qingming.
I-Xiangyuan Maojian (象园毛尖, Xiàngyuán máojiān) — iqabunga kuze kube ngu-Guyu; elisontiwe, eliluhlaza okotshani okumnyama, elinethoni ye-castnut.
I-Xiangyuan Chaoqing (象园炒青, Xiàngyuán chǎoqīng) — itiye lasehlobo, itiye eliluhlaza elilungiswe embizeni.

6. Izici Zokuzwa

Incazelo evamile — ivela embikweni ofanayo ka-2024: «外形美观、嫩绿光润、肉厚而鲜、香气清幽，冲泡后汤色新绿、栗香味浓、回甘持久».

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kuhle, kuluhlaza okotshani obuthambile futhi kucwebezela, iqabunga linamanzi futhi lisha. Ngobumo be-Xiangyuan Wuya imithombo iyahluka: okunye ukushicilelwa kubiza iqabunga ngokuthi liyisicaba futhi liqondile (扁平挺直), inkampani ekhiqizayo — izinsonto eziminyene, “ezifana ne-orchid”, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezinoboya obuncane obuphawuleka.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomphunga: Lincane futhi lihlanzekile (香气清幽), linethoni ye-castnut ecacile (栗香); umkhiqizi ubhala ngephunga le-castnut blossom (栗花香).
Ukuqina: Kuthambile, nobumnandi obubuyayo obuhlala isikhathi eside (回甘持久); itiye limelana nokuphindwa okuningi.
Umbala womphunga: Ngokwale ncazelo — luhlaza okotshani okusha (汤色新绿); okunye ukushicilelwa kubhala “okuhlanzekile, okuphuzi okukhanyayo” (清澈黄亮).
Iqabunga letiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele. Usihlalo wenhlangano yetiye yesifunda, futhi ongumphathi wenkampani ekhiqizayo, wagomela ngo-2024 ukuthi izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini e-Xiangyuan Wuya “zingamaphesenti angu-15 ngaphezu kwezinga likazwelonke”; akukho protocol, lawa amazwi omkhiqizi.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Ukushicilelwa kwendawo (2021) kuncoma amanzi angu-85–90 °C etiye lase-Xiangyuan, ungabilisi amanzi kabusha, uphise engilazini, kanti i-Wuya enhle kakhulu — enkomishini ye-porcelain emhlophe ekhanyayo.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–90 °C, njengoba umthombo uncoma; kumahlumela athambile kakhulu umkhuba wesigaba uvumela no-80–85 °C.
Ubuningi betiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi noma inkomishi ye-porcelain emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha, beka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngodonga.
2. Ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
3. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yomphunga, futhi uthele; ukuphindwa kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane yezintengo emithonjeni etholakele. Ukushicilelwa kuka-2026 kulinganisela uphawu ku-533 million yuan — lokhu ukulinganisela kwenani lophawu, hhayi intengo yetiye.

Indlela yokugwema umgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi “镇安象园茶” nomkhiqizi ophakathi kwabavunyelwe; entwasahlobo ka-2026 babeyi-12.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi itiye lenziwe esifundeni sase-Zhen’an.
- Izinkombandlela ngezincazelo: iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani elicwebezelayo, iphunga le-castnut, ubumnandi obude obubuyayo, nokuqina ekuphiseni.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Konke kwaqala, ngokomlando, ngezihlahla ezine ezivela embewini eyalethwa ngu-umhlali wase-Anhui ngo-1644.
Wonke amaqhawe amathathu ale ndaba — abafuduki: umhlali wase-Anhui watshala itiye, umthengisi wase-Ziyang ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngamakhulu amathathu wamfundisa ukulenza, ingcweti yase-Jiangsu yanikeza umkhiqizo igama.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye ase-Shaanxi

I-Xiangyuan Wuya (象园雾芽): Umkhiqizo ophambili ngaphansi kwaleli gama elifanayo — amahlumela aqoqwe eduze ne-Qingming; ku-corpus kukhona i-athikili ehlukile ngayo.
I-Shangnan Cha (商南茶): Itiye lesifunda sase-Shangnan sesifunda esifanayo sase-Shangluo, emthambekeni oseningizimu-mpumalanga we-Qinling.
I-Ziyang Maojian (紫阳毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Ziyang, lapho kwavela khona umthengisi ngo-1927 owakhulisa itiye lase-Xiangyuan.
I-Pingli Nüwa Cha (平利女娲茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane i-Ankang, nalo elinenhlabathi ene-selenium.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Zhen’an Xiangyuan Cha — itiye eliluhlaza elivela emthambekeni oseningizimu we-Qinling: ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo okwephuzile ku-800–1500 m, iqabunga eliluhlaza okotshani elithambile, iphunga le-castnut nobumnandi obude obubuyayo. Umlando wayo uyivelakancane ngokunemba — umlando usho umhlali, unyaka nenani lezihlahla zokuqala, — kanti ukuvikelwa kwawo kusha: uphawu lusukela ngo-2024.

Imithombo

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