Zhèn'ān Xiàngyuán chá

Zhen’an Xiangyuan Cha (Zhèn’ān Xiàngyuán chá, 镇安象园茶) ndi “tii ya Xiangyuan ya Zhen’an”, tii wobiriwira wa m’boma la Zhen’an (镇安县) m’chigawo cha Shangluo kumwera chakum’mawa kwa mapiri a Qinling, m’chigawo cha Shaanxi. Dzina linachokera ku chigwa cha Xiangyuan (象园沟) pafupi ndi mudzi wa Xiangyuan wa tawuni ya Daren, kumene, malinga ndi mbiri ya boma, mbewu zoyamba za tii zinabzalidwa mu 1644. Chizindikiro chachikulu m’mafotokozedwe ndi fungo la mtedza wa chestnut; mtundu wodziwika kwambiri ndi Xiangyuan Wuya (象园雾芽). Kuyambira pa 13 March 2024, dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification, chomwe chinali choyamba cha tii m’chigawo cha Shangluo.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tii wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá). Malinga ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito chizindikiro, katunduyu ayenera kukwaniritsa mulingo wa gulu “镇安象园绿茶” “Tii wobiriwira wa Xiangyuan wa Zhen’an”; manambala ndi malemba a mulingo sanapezeke. Boma limapanganso tii woyera ndi wofiira, koma m’mapepala omwe anapezeka okhudza chizindikiro sanatchulidwe.
Gulu: Mtundu wa boma; chizindikiro cha geographical certification (2024). Nkhani ya 2026 imatchulanso satifiketi ya boma ya chinthu chaulimi chokhala ndi geographical indication, popanda nambala kapena tsiku. Mwa chilengezo nambala 646 (2025), National Intellectual Property Administration inavomereza zinthu 870 zokhala ndi geographical indication, kuphatikiza zomwe kale zinali zisonyezo zaulimi; ngati Zhen’an Xiangyuan Cha ali pa mndandandawu, sizinatheke kutsimikizira kuchokera ku magwero omwe anapezeka.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Shaanxi (陕西, Shǎnxī), m’chigawo cha Shangluo (商洛, Shāngluò), boma la Zhen’an (镇安, Zhèn’ān).
Dera la chizindikiro: Malinga ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito chizindikiro (April 2024), malo asanu ndi anayi a boma: matauni a Daren, Chaping, Yuehe, Muwan, Miaogou, Yungaisi, Huilong ndi Qingtongguan, ndi komiti ya mumsewu ya Yongle. Mndandandawu sunayerekezedwe ndi malemba a malamulo.
Ma coordinates a geographical: Likulu la boma lili pafupifupi 33.4° N ndi 109.2° E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Nthawi zakale. Nkhani ya m’deralo imanena kuti m’dera la Miaogou anapeza mitengo ya tii yakutchire ya zaka zoposa 500; sitchulapo gwero loyambirira.
- 1644. “Mbiri ya Boma la Zhen’an” (《镇安县志》), monga momwe nkhani ya m’deralo imatchulira: Liu Zhengmin (刘正民) wa ku tawuni ya Pengcheng m’chigawo cha Hezhou ku Anhui m’chaka choyamba cha Shunzhi anasamukira ku chigwa cha Xiangyuan ndipo anabweretsa mbewu za tii. Anabzala chaka chomwecho, chaka chotsatira mbewu zinayi zinamera, patapita zaka zingapo munda unakula kufika 15 mu.
- 1927. Malinga ndi mbiri yomweyi, wamalonda wa tii Peng Chuanqing (彭传清) wa ku Ziyang, podutsa Xiangyuan, anaona mitengo yobiriwira kwambiri, anawonetsa momwe angapangire tii, ndipo anakhazikika ku Shizikou (tsopano mudzi wa Xinfeng). “Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi tii wa Xiangyuan anayamba kutchuka.”
- 2008–2012. Xiangyuan Wuya wa mtundu “栗乡缘” wa kampani ya Shenghua (盛华) analandira siliva ndi golide pamawonetsero a tii ku Xi’an, Hanzhong, Ankang ndi Shangluo; mu 2012 anavomerezedwa ngati chinthu chodziwika bwino cha chigawo cha Shaanxi.
- 2024. Pa 13 March National Intellectual Property Administration inalembetsa chizindikiro cha certification “镇安象园茶”; wopempha ndi mwiniwake ndi bungwe la maboma la makampani a tii (镇安县茶叶产业协会). Chilengezo cha kulembetsa chinawerengedwa pa 28 March pamwambo wotsegulira nyengo ku mudzi wa Xiangyuan.
- 2026. Asanayambe kukolola kwa masika, oimira makampani 12 omwe ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro adalonjeza pamodzi kusunga khalidwe, malinga ndi lipoti la April 2026.
Nthawi ya mwambo: M’magwero, zaka zoposa 300 mpaka zoposa 400; kuchokera 1644 ndi pafupifupi zaka 380.
Dzina: 镇安 ndi dzina la boma; 象园 (Xiàngyuán) ndi dzina la chigwa ndi mudzi. Dzina la mtundu “象园雾芽” “masamba a chifunga a Xiangyuan” malinga ndi nkhani ya m’deralo, linaperekedwa ndi katswiri wa kuwotcha tii yemwe anaitanidwa kuchokera ku Jiangsu: anachita chidwi ndi mitambo ndi chifunga cha kumeneko. Malo omwe anachokera alembedwa m’gwero ngati “潥阳”.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Nkhani ya 2026 imatchula wolowa m’malo mwa chikhalidwe chosawoneka cha tii wa Xiangyuan; kulembedwa kwa luso kumeneku sikunatchulidwe m’magwero omwe anapezeka.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

Mitundu / Cultivars: Mayina a mitundu sanapezeke m’magwero. Mbiri imangonena za mbewu zomwe zinabweretsedwa kuchokera ku Anhui mu 1644.
Zopangira: Malinga ndi lipoti la mwambo wotsegulira nyengo wa 2024, pamene chilengezo cha chizindikiro chinawerengedwa, nthawi zambiri ndi mphukira umodzi ndi tsamba limodzi kapena masamba awiri osatseguka pang’ono, omwe amakololedwa pafupi ndi Ch Qingming.
Nthawi yokolola: Malinga ndi wapampando wa bungwe la tii la boma (2024), kukolola kumayamba pafupifupi masiku khumi mochedwa kuposa madera a tii a Hanzhong ndi Ankang.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Kumwera chakum’mawa kwa Qinling, mkati mwa mapiri; boma lili pamphepete chakumpoto kwa kulima tii ku China, ndipo mafotokozedwe a zokopa alendo amatcha tii wa kumeneko “tii wapamwamba kwambiri wakumpoto”, koma ndi mawu otsatsa.
Kutalika kwa kulima: 800–1500 m, malinga ndi wapampando wa bungwe la tii la boma (2024); kampani yopanga mu 2015 inalemba za minda “yoposa 800 m”.
Nyengo: Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku ndi masana ataliatali, malinga ndi mawu omwewo.
Dothi: Wapampando wa bungwe amatchula dothi lamchere ndipo amagwirizanitsa ndi kuchuluka kwa selenium mu tii; zowunikira sizinapezeke m’magwero.
Chestnut: Kampani ya Shenghua imalongosola fungo la chestnut chifukwa chakuti Zhen’an ndi “dera la mtedza wa chestnut” (中国板栗之乡); ndi kulongosola kwa wopanga.
Malo a minda: Malinga ndi boma monga momwe nyuzipepala imanenera, “zoposa 60,000 mu” (popanda tsiku), 105,000 mu (2021; momwemonso mu uthenga wa chigawo mu March 2024), 117,500 mu ndi 1,280 t (lipoti patatha sabata imodzi, March 2024), 118,000 mu (2026).

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga

Mulingo wa gulu umakhazikitsa dera, zopangira ndi ukadaulo, koma malemba ndi nambala sizinapezeke. Malipoti ochokera ku fakitale ya Shenghua amapereka kwa Xiangyuan Wuya ndondomeko yopanda miyeso: kukhazikika (杀青, shāqīng) → kuwongola masamba (理条, lǐtiáo) → kuumba (做形, zuòxíng) → kuumitsa (烘焙, hōngbèi) → kusefa ndi kusankha (筛分, 精选), pamene masamba achikasu ndi mapesi amachotsedwa ndi makina komanso pamanja. Izi ndi kulongosola kwa wopanga mmodzi. Shenghua ali ndi mizere itatu (kulongosola kwa kampani, 2015):

Xiangyuan Wuya (象园雾芽, Xiàngyuán wùyá) ndi mphukira zofewa zokololedwa pafupi ndi Qingming.
Xiangyuan Maojian (象园毛尖, Xiàngyuán máojiān) ndi tsamba lofika Guyu; lopindika, lobiriwira lakuda, ndi kachitonthozo ka chestnut.
Xiangyuan Chaoqing (象园炒青, Xiàngyuán chǎoqīng) ndi tii wa chilimwe, tii wobiriwira wophikidwa m’pot.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Kulongosola kwakukulu kumachokera ku lipoti lomwelo la 2024: “外形美观、嫩绿光润、肉厚而鲜、香气清幽，冲泡后汤色新绿、栗香味浓、回甘持久”.

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Okongola, obiriwira achinyontho ndi onyezimira, tsamba lofewa ndi latsopano. Ponena za mawonekedwe a Xiangyuan Wuya, magwero amasiyana: nkhani imodzi imati tsamba ndi lathyathyathya ndi lowongoka (扁平挺直), kampani yopanga imati ndi zopindika zolimba, “zofanana ndi orchid”, zobiriwira ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndi mawu ochepa ooneka.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Kulongosola kwapadera sikunapezeke m’magwero.
Fungo la madzi a tii: Wosakhwima ndi woyera (香气清幽), ndi fungo lodziwika la chestnut (栗香); wopanga amalemba za fungo la maluwa a chestnut (栗花香).
Kukoma: Kofewa, ndi kubwerera kokoma komwe kumakhala nthawi yayitali (回甘持久); tii umapirira madzi ambiri.
Mtundu wa madzi a tii: Malinga ndi kulongosola uku, wobiriwira watsopano (汤色新绿); nkhani ina imalemba “woyera, wachikasu wowala” (清澈黄亮).
Masamba atapanda (tsamba lophikidwa): Kulongosola sikunapezeke m’magwero.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Zambiri za physicochemical sizinapezeke m’magwero. Wapampando wa bungwe la tii la boma, yemwenso ndi mtsogoleri wa kampani yopanga, adanena mu 2024 kuti zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi mu Xiangyuan Wuya ndi “zokwera ndi 15 peresenti kuposa muyezo wa dziko”; palibe protocol, ndi mawu a wopanga.

8. Kaphikidwe

Njira yofanana ndi ya tii wobiriwira. Nkhani ya m’deralo (2021) imalangiza kwa tii wa Xiangyuan madzi a 85–90 °C, osawiritsa madzi kawiri, kuphika mugalasi, ndipo Wuya wabwino kwambiri mu kapu yoyera yopepuka ya porcelain.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 85–90 °C, monga momwe gwero limalangizira; kwa mphukira zofewa kwambiri njira yofanana imalola 80–85 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tii: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Zida: Kapu yagalasi kapena kapu yoyera ya porcelain.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsa chida, ikani tii ndikutsanulira madzi m’mphepete.
2. Madzi oyamba pakatha masekondi 40–60.
3. Imwani, kusiya madzi pang’ono, ndikuwonjezera; kutsanulira kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira yofanana ndi ya tii wobiriwira. M’paketi yotsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonama

Zambiri za mitengo sizinapezeke m’magwero. Nkhani ya 2026 imayesa mtundu pa 533 miliyoni yuan, koma ndi mtengo wa mtundu, osati mtengo wa tii.

Momwe mungapewere zonama:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha certification “镇安象园茶” ndi wopanga yemwe ali m’gulu la ovomerezeka; m’chaka cha 2026 analipo 12.
- Onetsetsani kuti tii wapangidwa m’boma la Zhen’an.
- Zizindikiro malinga ndi mafotokozedwe: tsamba lobiriwira lonyezimira, fungo la chestnut, kubwerera kokoma kwanthawi yayitali, kupirira kwa kuphika.

11. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

Zonse zinayamba, malinga ndi mbiri, ndi mbewu zinayi zomwe wosamuka wochokera ku Anhui anabweretsa mu 1644.
Anthu onse atatu a m’nkhaniyi ndi obwera: wosamuka wochokera ku Anhui anabzala tii, wamalonda wochokera ku Ziyang patapita zaka pafupifupi 300 anaphunzitsa kupanga, katswiri wochokera ku Jiangsu anapatsa mtundu dzina.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi tii wina wa Shaanxi

Xiangyuan Wuya (象园雾芽): Mtundu wamkulu pansi pa dzina lomweli, mphukira zokololedwa pafupi ndi Qingming; pali nkhani yapadera m’gululi.
Shangnan Cha (商南茶): Tii wa boma la Shangnan m’chigawo chomwecho cha Shangluo, kum’mawa chakumwera kwa Qinling.
Ziyang Maojian (紫阳毛尖): Tii wobiriwira wa boma la Ziyang, kumene wamalonda yemwe anakweza tii wa Xiangyuan anachokera mu 1927.
Pingli Nüwa Cha (平利女娲茶): Tii wobiriwira wa chigawo choyandikana cha Ankang, wokhalanso ndi dothi la selenium.

Pomaliza:

Zhen’an Xiangyuan Cha ndi tii wobiriwira wochokera kumwera chakum’mawa kwa Qinling: kukolola mochedwa kwa masika pa 800–1500 m, tsamba lobiriwira lonyezimira, fungo la chestnut ndi kubwerera kokoma kwanthawi yayitali. Mbiri yake ndi yachilendo chifukwa cha kulondola kwake: mbiri imatchula wosamuka, chaka ndi chiwerengero cha mbewu zoyamba, ndipo chitetezo chake ndi chatsopano: chizindikiro kuyambira 2024.

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