Měnghǎi Mànxīnglóng chá

Měnghǎi Mànxīnglóng Chá (Měnghǎi Mànxīnglóng chá, 勐海曼兴龙茶) — wuphawu lwendawo lwetiye lomzana waseMansinglong esifundeni saseMenghai, eSishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, esifundazweni saseYunnan. Imibhalo ephathelene neBulangshan ivamise ukubhala igama lomzana ngokuthi 曼新龙 (Mansinlong) noma 曼新竜, kanti 曼兴龙 — isipelingi esivela egameni lophawu — sibizwa ngokuqondile njengenye yezindlela zokubhala igama lawo. Lomzana ungowamaBulang eBulangshan, umakhelwane neLao Banzhang kanye neLao Mane. Itiye lawo lichazwa njengelibabayo nelinamandla, futhi abathengisi balibiza ngokuthi “iLao Mane yesibili”. Izinga lomkhiqizo akulibizi igama lophawu.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Akunqunyelwe: umbhalo wophawu awulibizi igama lezinga. Kusukela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zamahlamvu amakhulu aseMenghai ngokuyinhloko kwenziwa isheng puer (生普, shēngpǔ), kodwa futhi netiye elibomvu nelimhlophe. Izincwadi zetiye nabathengisi bachaza itiye laseMansinlong njengepuer.
Isigaba: Itiye lezingadi ezindala zaseBulangshan; uphawu lwendawo. Uhlu alukucacisi uhlobo lwakhona, kanti abezindaba babiza izimpawu zesifunda ngokuthi eziqinisekisayo (证明商标).
Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe saseYunnan (云南, Yúnnán), iSishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (西双版纳, Xīshuāngbǎnnà), isifunda saseMenghai (勐海县, Měnghǎi Xiàn), isigodi saseBulangshan (布朗山乡, Bùlǎngshān xiāng), ikomidi lomphakathi laseXinlong (新龙).
Igama: Izincazelo zezohwebo zaseBulangshan zinikeza izindlela ezine zokubhala igama lomzana: 曼新竜, 曼新龙, 曼兴龙 kanye ne曼兴竜. Ukuthi uphawu “勐海曼兴龙茶” lukhona kulo mzana, kungenzeka, kodwa akufakazelwa umbhalo.
Indawo evikelwe: Uhlu lubonisa isifunda saseMenghai njengengxenye yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu; umngcele womthetho wendawo angikawuqinisekisi.
Izixhumanisi zokuma: Azikho izixhumanisi eziqondile emithonjeni etholakele. Isifunda saseMenghai siphakathi kuka-21°28′ no-22°28′ enyakatho latitude naphakathi kuka-99°56′ no-100°41′ empumalanga longitude; iBulangshan — ingxenye yayo eseningizimu-mpumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Bulangshan. Izincazelo zibiza le ntaba njengenye yezindawo lapho izingadi ezindala zigcinwe kakhulu: cishe ama-9505 mu wezingadi ezindala ezilinywayo. Izingadi zaseXinlong — zisemzaneni wakwaMansinlong naseManbe (曼别).
- Ukufuduswa. Ngokusho kwenye incazelo, okhokho bezakhamuzi zaseMansinlong bafika eBulangshan besuka ngaphansi kweJinghong eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili edlule, futhi izingadi ezingemva komzana batshala endaweni entsha.
- Itiye elibabayo. Ngokwesinye isincwadi sezohwebo, cishe ngo-2011, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezihlahla zetiye ezindala zaseSishuangbanna, eMansinlong kwatholakala ama-200 mu engadi endala yohlobo lwe 苦茶 (kǔchá, “itiye elibabayo”).
- “IBanzhang enkulu”. Abathengisi bahlanganisa iLao Banzhang, iXinbanzhang, iLao Mane, iHekai, iBanpen, iZhangjia, iMansinlong nabomakhelwane njengesifunda “seBanzhang enkulu” (大班章茶区). Esinye sezincwadi siyaxwayisa: ngaphansi kwaleli gama, itiye lomakhelwane lithengiswa ngentengo eseduze neyaseLaobanzhang, nakuba ukunambitheka kwabaningi kwehluke kakhulu.
- Izimpawu zaseMenghai. Uphawu olubanzi “勐海茶” lwafakwa isicelo ngo-2012 yisikhungo setiye sesifunda, lwabhaliswa ngo-2014, lwasetshenziswa ngo-2016. Ohlwini lwezimpawu ze-GI zaseYunnan ekupheleni kuka-2019, ngemva kwakho kulandelwa izimpawu eziyishumi nanhlanu zezintaba nemizana; phakathi kwazo, ngaphandle kwe “勐海曼兴龙茶”, kukhona nezimpawu zomakhelwane abaseduze — “勐海班章茶” kanye ne “勐海老曼峨茶”. Imithombo yezindaba ka-2022 ikhuluma ngezimpawu eziyishumi nesithupha zesifunda — inani elifanayo lezimpawu zetiye zaseMenghai ohlwini, uma kubalwa neyobanzi.
Igama: Ngokwezincazelo, igama lomzana — lisuka olimini lwesiDai: “man” (曼) lisho “umzana”, “xin” — “ibhubesi”, “long” — “elikhulu”; kuhlangene — “umzana webhubesi elikhulu”. Uma igama lingelesiDai, izinhlamvu zesiShayina zivele zidlulisa umsindo walo — kungenzeka ukuthi kubangelwa yilokhu ukungafani ekubhalweni.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Mansinlong — umzana wabantu bamaBulang. Abathengisi baliqamba itiye lawo ngokuthi “iLao Mane yesibili” (老曼娥第二) futhi balinikeza isisho esithi “ubumunyu buyosuka — kusele iphunga elimnandi, ubabayo buyohoxa — izinsuku eziyishumi zobumnandi” (涩尽七分香，苦退十日甜).

3. Incazelo yeBotanical kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

I-Sort / Cultivar: Itiye lendawo lamahlamvu amakhulu; uhlobo alubizwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Izincazelo zigqamisa izingadi zohlobo lwe 苦茶: zinehlumela namahlamvu ababayo, kodwa nokunambitheka okumnandi ngemva.
Iminyaka yezihlahla: Ngokwezincazelo, izihlahla ezindala zaseMansinlong zineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200. Enye incazelo inikeza ubukhulu bazo: ububanzi besiqu phansi buyi-0,2–0,6 m, ubude bucishe bube yi-3 m.
Ukuvuna: Izikhathi azizange zibhalwe emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinga lokuvuna: Alikavezwa emithonjeni etholakele.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Angizange ngizibone izidingo zophawu.

4. I-Terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: Bulangshan — intaba eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifunda saseMenghai emngceleni neMyanmar; iMansinlong, ngokwezincazelo, isondelene neLao Banzhang futhi ikakhulukazi neLao Mane.
Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Ngokwezincazelo, izingadi zise 1500–1900 m; umzana ngokwawo enye incazelo iwubeka ekuphakameni okungaphezu kuka-1800 m.
Indawo: Izilinganiso ziyehluka: ngaphezu kuka-1000 mu wezingadi ezindala — ngokwemininingwane enikezwa abathengisi; 150 nangaphezulu mu — ngokusho kwenye incazelo.
Inhlabathi: Ezinsundu ngokunsundu noma eziphuzi (黄棕壤、黄壤).
Izingadi: Izihlahla ezindala zikhula ngamaqoqo amancane ehlathini lokuqala.
Isimo sezulu: Akunamininingwane yezingadi zaseMansinlong. Kubulangshan jikelele izincazelo zibiza izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi kuka-18–21 °C kanye nemvula ecisa nge-1374 mm ngonyaka.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe betiye ngaphansi kophawu abuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Kusheng puer yezihlahla ezindala ukulandelana okuvamile kanje:

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi).
Ukupholisa amahlamvu (摊晾, tānliàng).
Ukuqinisa embizeni (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomisa elangeni (晒干, shàigān): Kutholakala i-maocha exegayo (晒青毛茶, shàiqīng máochá).
Ukucindezela (紧压, jǐnyā): Akudingekile.

Lena indlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beMenghai Mansinlong Cha.

6. Izimpawu ze-Organoleptic

Izincazelo ezingezansi zinikezwa abathengisi ngepuer yezihlahla ezindala zaseMansinlong. Akekho ozihlanganisa ngokusemthethweni nomkhiqizo ongaphansi kophawu.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo eziningiliziwe; abathengisi babhala ukuthi ngokubukeka itiye lifana nelaseLaobanzhang.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomhluzi: Eliminyene futhi eligcwele, elinomthunzi omnandi (馥郁、浓厚，偏甜香) — ngokwabathengisi, lichume kakhulu kunelaseLaobanzhang. Kokukodwa okuqoshiwe kokuhlola — iphunga eliphakeme elisha “lempova yezimbali” (花粉清香) kanye nephunga elibandayo elide phansi enkomishini.
Ukunambitheka: Ubabayo lunamandla, iphunga liminyene (苦重香浓). Ubabayo buhlanzekile, empandeni wolimi, kodwa busuka ngokushesha; ukubuyela okumnandi kuyashesha, ukugeleza kwamathe kunamandla, umhluzi uminyene futhi uhlala isikhathi eside (苦回甘快，生津强烈，饱满持久). Indlela evamile “yesifunda seBanzhang enkulu” ichazwa ngamagama athi “uqinile, unamandla, uminyene” (浓强酽). Ngokombhalo womthengisi, itiye limelana nokuthululwa okuyishumi.
Umbala womhluzi: Uphuzi, ukhanya (汤色黄亮); eqoshiwe lokuhlola — uphuzi wegolide (金黄明亮).
Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elisethiwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukwenza itiye

Inqubo yesigaba. Uphawu alulibizi igama lezinga; iziqondiso ezingezansi — nge sheng puer, okuyilona tiye laseMansinlong elichazwa ngalo ezincwadini zetiye.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C; ezintweni ezisencane ezibabayo izinga lokushisa lingancishiswa kancane.
Ubuningi betiye: 5–8 g nge 110–150 ml.
Isitsha: Gaiwan noma itiye likadaka.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha.
2. Faka itiye; elicindezelwe — lephule ngokucophelela, ungalimaza iqabunga.
3. Geza iqabunga kafushane ngamanzi abilayo bese ulilahla.
4. Ukuthulula kokuqala — imizuzwana emi-5–10: ubabayo bukhula ngokushesha.
5. Thela konke.
6. Yandisa isikhathi ngokuthulula ngakunye.

9. Ukugcina

Inqubo yesigaba. Isheng puer igcinwa endaweni eyomile, ehlanzekile, enomoya omuhle ngaphandle kokukhanya nephunga langaphandle, emaphaketheni aphefumulayo. Itiye elinjalo liyashintsha ngeminyaka, futhi livame ukugcinwa ngamabomu.

10. Intengo kanye nama-Fake

Ayikho imininingwane yezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Indlela yokugwema ama-fake:
- Funa uphawu “勐海曼兴龙茶” futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowasesifundeni saseMenghai.
- Ungadidanisi uphawu “nesifunda seBanzhang enkulu”: leli yigama lezohwebo, hhayi igama elivikelwe.
- Khumbula izipelingi: 曼新龙, 曼新竜, 曼兴龙 kanye ne曼兴竜 ezincazelweni zisho umzana owodwa.
- Ungathathi iMansinlong njengeLao Banzhang noma iLao Mane: omakhelwane banezimpawu zabo — “勐海班章茶” kanye ne “勐海老曼峨茶”.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Umzana unezindlela ezine zokubhala igama; uphawu lusebenzise 曼兴龙, kanti izincazelo zaseBulangshan zivame ukubhala 曼新龙.
Igama ngesiDai lisho “umzana webhubesi elikhulu”.
Cishe ngo-2011 eMansinlong kwachazwa ama-200 mu engadi endala yetiye elibabayo 苦茶.
Abathengisi balibiza itiye lomzana ngokuthi “iLao Mane yesibili”.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namatiye angomakhelwane

Lao Mane (老曼峨): Umakhelwane oseduze kakhulu ngokwendlela; izincazelo zibhala ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa amatiye abo ababayo kunzima ukuhlukanisa.
Lao Banzhang (老班章): Inkomba yaseBulangshan; ngokwabathengisi, eMansinlong iphunga lichume kakhulu, kodwa ukuhlanzeka nobusha kuphansi.
Banzhang (班章): Iqembu lemizana iMansinlong ehlanganiswa nalo “esifundeni seBanzhang enkulu”.
Bulangshan (布朗山): Intaba lapho umzana ukhona; i-encyclopedia yethu ikhuluma ngeMansinlong phakathi kwezindawo zayo ezincane.

Ekuphetheni:

iMenghai Mansinlong Cha — uphawu lomzana wamaBulang “webhubesi elikhulu” eBulangshan, ogama lawo libhalwa ngezindlela ezine. Izingadi ezise 1500–1900 m phakathi kwehlathi, itiye elibabayo 苦茶 kanye nedumela “leLao Mane yesibili” — yilokho okwaziwayo ngakho ezincazelweni. Izinga lomkhiqizo uphawu alulibizi igama, futhi ayikho imininingwane ngophawu ngokwalo, ngaphandle komugqa wohlu lwesifundazwe, engiyitholile.