Měnghǎi Jiéliáng Chá (Měnghǎi Jiéliáng chá, 勐海结良茶) wuphawu lwendawo yetiye laseJieliang (结良) elingomunye wezigodi eziyisikhombisa zokuphatha zasesifundeni saseBulangshan esifundeni saseMenghai (勐海县) esifundazweni esizimele saseXishuangbanna Dai, esifundazweni saseYunnan. Ulwazi ngalolu phawu luncane: ezincazelweni ezitholakele zezingadi ezindala zaseBulangshan igama elithi 结良 alikho, kodwa kunekomidi lasemakhaya elinegama elifanayo elithi 吉良. Ukuthi uphawu luhlanganisa yisiphi isigaba setiye nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwetiye olwenziwa eJieliang, imithombo etholakele ayikusho.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Umbhalo wophawu awubhalisiwe. Izingadi ezindala zaseMenghai ziwumthombo wempahla yamaqabunga amakhulu ikakhulukazi epuer, kodwa ngeqabunga elifanayo kwenziwa netiye elibomvu nelimhlophe; ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo ohlanganiswa wuphawu, irejista ayikusho.
- Isigaba: Uphawu lwendawo lwesigodi sesifunda saseMenghai uphawu lokuhweba oluhlanganyelwe noma lokuqinisekisa.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseYunnan (云南, Yúnnán), isifunda esizimele saseXishuangbanna Dai, isifunda saseMenghai (勐海县, Měnghǎi Xiàn), isigodi sikazwelonke samaBulang iBulangshan (布朗山布朗族乡, Bùlǎngshān Bùlǎngzú Xiāng), isigodi sokuphatha iJieliang (结良村, Jiéliáng cūn). Isigodi sinamakhomishana okuphatha ayisikhombisa: Menan, Banzhang, Zhangjia, Mannan, Manguo, Xinlong kanye noJieliang.
- I-Jieliang ne-Jiliang: Izincazelo zetiye zaseBulangshan zibhala ukuthi izingadi ezindala zesigodi zitholakala kumakhomishana amathathu asemaphandleni: iBanzhang, iMenan neJiliang (吉良), futhi zisho iqembu lezakhamuzi zaseJiliang phakathi kwezindawo zezingadi ezindala. Ohlwini lokuphatha lwesigodi i-吉良 alikho, kukhona i-结良. Kuleyo mibhalo yetiye, ikhomishana laseMenan (勐昂) libhalwe ngephutha njengo-勐昴, ngakho amagama amakhomishana adluliswa ngokunganembile lapho. Lokhu kwenza ukufana kwe-吉良 ne-结良 kube nokwenzeka, kodwa awukho umthombo otholakele okuqinisekisa ngokuqondile.
- Indawo yophawu: Uhlu lwesifundazwe lusho kuphela isifunda nesifunda isifunda lokho kungokomphakathi komnikazi wophawu; umngcele wezomthetho wendawo angiwuphicithanga, futhi umngcele wesigodi njengendawo yophawu awuqinisekisiwe emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: Azikho izixhumanisi eziqondile emithonjeni etholakele. Isikhungo sesigodi saseBulangshan cishe singu-21.59° N no-100.42° E.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Isigodi. Umlando weJieliang awukho emithonjeni etholakele.
- 2012–2014. Isikhungo sesifunda sobuchwepheshe benkonzo yemboni yetiye (勐海县茶叶技术服务中心) safaka isicelo sophawu oluphambili lokuqinisekisa «勐海茶» ngo-2012; lwabhaliswa ngo-2014.
- Ngemuva kuka-2019. Uphawu «勐海结良茶» lubhalisiwe: uhlu lwesifundazwe lwezimpawu zokuhweba zendawo zaseYunnan lwango-28 Disemba 2019 lulubala emgqeni wama-228, eduze kophawu oluphambili «勐海茶» kanye nezinye izimpawu eziyishumi nane zezintaba nezigodi zesifunda (iphephandaba ngo-2022 labhala ngeziyishumi nesithupha). Inombolo yokubhalisa, umnikazi, unyaka kanye nesigaba somkhiqizo akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele; ukuthi uphawu lusasebenza manje, akuqinisekisiwe.
- Igama: «Menghai» (勐海) igama lesifunda; «Jieliang» (结良) igama lesigodi sokuphatha, incazelo yetoponym ayichazwanga emithonjeni etholakele; «cha» (茶, chá) itiye.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Isigodi saseBulangshan siyindawo enkulu kunazo zonke e-China yokuhlala abantu bakwaBulang (cishe 64% yezakhamuzi). Phakathi kwamagama ayo etiye, iJieliang icishe ingabonakali: uphawu lwayo lwaziwa kuphela ngomugqa wohlu lwesifundazwe.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla
- Izinhlobo / Cultivar: Okwe-Jieliang akushiwongo. Ngezingadi ezindala zaseBulangshan jikelele izincazelo zithi zihlwanyelwe ngetiye lepuer (uhlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu Camellia sinensis var. assamica) kanye nohlobo lwalo olubabayo «itiye elibabayo» (苦茶, kǔchá).
- Ukuvuna: Izikhathi azikashiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izinga lokuvuna: Alizange livezwe emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izidingo zempahla: Imithetho yophawu ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Isigodi saseBulangshan eningizimu yesifunda saseMenghai, emngceleni wezwe. Enye incazelo yereferensi ifaka indawo ezungeze iJieliang, kanye neMannan nezinye izindawo ezimbalwa, engxenyeni efudumele yesigodi, ekulungele izitshalo zasezindaweni ezishisayo.
- Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ayikho imininingwane ngeJieliang. Isigodi sisemazantsi ezintaba eziphakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi 1000–2200 m; ukuphakama okuphakathi kwesigodi kungu-1216 m, indawo ephakeme kakhulu ingu-2082 m.
- Isimo sezulu: Okwesigodi saseBulangshan izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-18–21 °C, cishe 1374 mm wemvula ngonyaka; ayikho imininingwane ehlukile ngeJieliang.
- Umhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
- Indawo: Ayikho imininingwane ngeJieliang. Izingadi ezindala zamasiko kuso sonke isigodi, ngokwezincazelo, zingama-9505 mu (cishe 630 ha).
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Ubuchwepheshe obugxilisiwe wuphawu abuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Uma ngeqabunga laseJieliang kwenziwa ipuer eluhlaza, uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba ngokwezinga i-GB/T 22111-2008 lunjena: iqabunga elisha liyanwetshwa (摊放, tānfàng), lilungiswa ngokushisa (杀青, shāqīng), liyagoqwa (揉捻, róuniǎn), izigaxa ziyahlukaniswa futhi lomiswe elangeni (日光干燥, rìguāng gānzào); «impahla eluhlaza yelanga» (晒青毛茶, shàiqīng máochá) iyahlelwa, iyashiswa ngomusi, icindezelwe futhi yomiswe. Lena incazelo yesigaba, hhayi itiye laseJieliang.
6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lotshwala: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukunambitheka: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Umbala wotshwala: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ileaftiye (iqabunga elitheliwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wesigaba. Isigaba asigxilisiwe wuphawu; ngepuer eluhlaza, umkhiqizo oyinhloko wempahla yamaqabunga amakhulu yaseMenghai, kujwayelekile amanzi 95–100 °C, 5–7 g yetiye nge-100 ml egaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn), ukuhlambulula okufushane 5–10 amasekhondi, ukumnika kokuqala 10–15 amasekhondi kanye nokuphindaphinda okuningi ngokwengeza isikhathi. Itiye elibomvu noma elimhlophe ngeqabunga elifanayo liphiswa ngendlela ehlukile.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wesigaba. Ngepuer eluhlaza indawo eyomile, ehlanzekile, enomoya ngaphandle kwephunga nokukhanya okuqondile, ukugoqa ngephepha noma ibhokisi; ipuer eluhlaza livumela ukuguga isikhathi eside.
10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa
Awekho amanani emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukanjani ukugwema ukukhwabanisa:
- Hlola uphawu «勐海结良茶» nokuthi umkhiqizi usebenza esifundeni saseMenghai. Uphawu alusho ngesigaba setiye noma ngeminyaka yezihlahla.
- Igama «吉良» ekupakisheni alilingani nophawu «勐海结良茶», kuze kube yilapho ukufana kwezindawo kungaqinisekisiwe.
- Amagama «布朗山» noma «古树» ekugoqeni isimemezelo somdayisi, hhayi ingxenye yophawu.
11. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo
- IJieliang ingesinye sezigodi eziyisikhombisa zokuphatha zesigodi samaBulang saseBulangshan, kodwa ezincazelweni ezitholakele zezingadi ezindala zentaba igama layo alikho.
- Leyo mibhalo ifaka amaphutha emagameni amanye amakhomishana esigodi: iMenan kubo ingu-勐昴.
- Uphawu lweJieliang lume emgqeni wesifundazwe njengolwezokugcina phakathi kwezimpawu zaseMenghai zezintaba nezigodi phakathi kweBanpen neBada Manmai.
12. Ukuqhathanisa Namatiye Angomakhelwane
- Bulangshan (布朗山): Izintaba kanye nesigodi iJieliang eyingxenye yaso; isihloko somnyango sichaza isimo «samandla» esijwayelekile sepuer yaseBulang.
- Lao Banzhang (老班章): Isigodi esidume kakhulu sesigodi esifanayo.
- Lao Mane (老曼峨): Isigodi samaBulang saseBulangshan, isibonelo somugqa obabayo, okuyinkomba eseduze yomnyango «wetiye elibabayo» lesigodi.
Ekuphetheni:
IMenghai Jieliang Cha uphawu okungabonakali lutho ngemuva kwalo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi iJieliang iyisigodi sokuphatha sesigodi samaBulang saseBulangshan nokuthi igama layo lifakwe ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezimpawu zendawo zesifunda saseMenghai. Izincazelo zetiye zentaba zikhuluma ngekhomishana elifanayo iJiliang, kodwa ubufakazi abunabufakazi; isigaba, ukubukeka kanye nokunambitheka kwetiye imithombo etholakele ayikunikezi. Lesi sihloko siyikhadi eliqotho lendawo, elifanele ukwengezwa lapho kuvela imithetho yophawu noma izincazelo zetiye uqobo.
Imithombo
Amazinga
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo