Guānsī yúnwù chá

Guansi Yunwu Cha (Guānsī yúnwù chá, 官司云雾茶) - “itiye lamafu laseGuansi”, itiye lomlando lasesigodini saseGuansi (官司村) edolobhaneni lasePuyuan esifundeni saseZhouning (周宁县) kumasipala wedolobha iNingde enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe saseFujian. Izincazelo zezinsiza zikubiza ngetiye eliluhlaza: imicu emincane esiliva-mpunga-luhlaza, iphunga elimanothi lekhesthinoni, noketshezi oluluhlaza ngobumnene. Isithako siwuhlobo lwasendaweni lwezihlahla zetiye ezitshalwa ngembewu. Ngo-2011 igama laba wuphawu lokuqala lokuqinisekisa indawo lwesifunda saseZhouning.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) - ngokwezincazelo zezinsiza ezilibiza ngetiye elingavutshelwanga futhi ziletha ubuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza; ishicilelo sango-2022 sengosi ye- “China Network” (中国网, Zhōngguó wǎng) sibiza isiliva lango-2000 ngomklomelo we “官司绿茶” - “itiye eliluhlaza laseGuansi”. Alikho idokhumenti enekilasi: irejista yophawu ibiza umkhiqizo nje nge “tiye” (茶), ngakho uphawu alukhawuleli ikilasi. Ohlwini lwemiklomelo lwencwadi yezinsiza kukhona negolide emkhakheni wetiye elibomvu emqhudelwaneni wesifunda wango-2010, kodwa ukuthi likuphi umkhiqizo, umthombo awusho.
• Isigaba: Itiye lasemhlane lomlando lasempumalanga yeFujian (闽东, Mǐndōng); uphawu lokuqinisekisa indawo (2011).
• Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), umasipala wedolobha iNingde (宁德, Níngdé), isifunda saseZhouning (周宁, Zhōuníng), idolobhana lasePuyuan (浦源, Pǔyuán), isigodi saseGuansi.
• Indawo yophawu: Uhlu lwesifundazwe lukhomba isifunda saseZhouning - lokhu kungokwabanikazi bophawu, hhayi umngcele wezomthetho wendawo; umngcele angiwuhlolanga.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda saseZhouning - cishe u-27.1° N no-119.3° E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Isiqalo. Izincazelo zezinsiza zicaphuna “Umlando Wesifunda saseZhouning” (《周宁县志》) zithi ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili kaWanli (万历) wohlu lwamakhosi eMing, okungukuthi ngo-1580, izakhamuzi zesigodi sasePuyuan, esiqhele ngamamayela ayishumi nanhlanu, zathuthela endaweni enehlathi yaseGuansi zaqala ukutshala itiye lapho. Ikhasi elifanayo kwenye indawo libuyisela isiqalo maphakathi nenkathi yeQing; umthombo wokuqala angiwubonanga, umehluko angiwuxazululanga.
  • Inkathi yeQing neRiphabhuliki. Ngokwezincazelo zezinsiza, ngeminyaka kaGuangxu (光绪) abahwebi baseZhouning baletha leli tiye eFuzhou, lapho ladunyiswa khona abahwebi bakwamanye amazwe, futhi endaweni yaseDongyangxi (东洋溪, Dōngyángxī) kwavulwa izinkampani zetiye ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Ngo-1946-1949 lasakazwa ngeFuzhou liya phesheya ngemali ephakeme ngo-20-40% kunetiye lezifunda ezingomakhelwane.
  • Igama elisha. Enye yezincazelo zezinsiza isho ngokuqondile ukuthi iGuansi Yunwu Cha njengomkhiqizo “yadalwa kabusha” (新创制) ngemva kokuqala kwezinguquko, ngokusekelwe ezihlahleni zendawo ezikhethiwe. Umlando omdala izincwadi zezinsiza ziwulandisa ngaphansi kwegama lamanje, ngakho ukuthi kuphela kuphi itiye langaphambili lesigodi nokuqala kuphi umkhiqizo omusha, akunakucaciswa ngazo.
  • 1982-2000. Ngokwencazelo yezinsiza - umklomelo wokuhlolwa kwetiye elidumile lesifunda (1982), ithusi ekuqhathaniseni komkhakha komnyango wezimboni ezilula (1988), isiliva leChina International Tea Fair (2000). Angizange ngiyibone imibhalo esemthethweni.
  • 2008. Ngo-Okthoba inani lendawo “itiye laseGuansi” langena ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezakhi zofuzo ezibalulekile zesihlahla setiye okufanele zivikelwe futhi zisetshenziswe.
  • 2010-2011. Ngokwezincazelo zezinsiza, ngaphambi kokubhaliswa ngaphansi kwamagama “官司” no “官思” kwakukhona amamaki ahlukene, futhi ngo-2010 isifunda safaka isicelo sophawu olujwayelekile. Ngokohlu lwesifundazwe, uphawu № 8644027 lwabhaliswa mhla ziyi-14 kuJuni 2011; umnikazi - Inhlangano Yetiye yesifunda saseZhouning (周宁县茶叶协会), umkhiqizo - “itiye”. Izincwadi zezinsiza zilibiza ngophawu lokuqala lwesifunda nolwesibili emkhandlwini waseNingde oluqanjwe ngesigodi, ngemva kweTanyang Gong Fu.
• Igama: 官司 (guānsī) - igama lesigodi; 云雾 (yúnwù) - “amafu nenkungu”; 茶 - itiye.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Izincwadi zezinsiza zibeka itiye laseGuansi ezingeni elifanayo namatiye abomvu iTanyang Gong Fu neBai Lin Gongfu omkhandlu ofanayo. Namuhla isifunda sikhuthaza uhlobo olujwayelekile lweZhouning Gaoshan Yunwu Cha (周宁高山云雾茶) - inhlangano efanayo inamalungelo ayo ngo-2017 nango-2024.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezithako

• Uhlobo lwezihlahla: Inani lembewu lendawo (有性原生群种), elaziwa nge “cai cha yasesigodini saseGuansi” (官司菜茶, guānsī càichá); ngokweshicilelo se “Renmin Wang”, esishicilelwe kabusha yikomidi lempahla kahulumeni lesifundazwe (2025), lifakwe ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezakhi zofuzo ezibalulekile ezivikelwe zesihlahla setiye.
• Isimo sesihlahla: Ngokwencazelo yezinsiza ecaphuna umlando wesifunda - isihlahla esinesihlahla esivulekile kancane, iqabunga eligcwele, iqabunga eliwugqinsi (ngokwesilinganiso 0.51 mm), eliluhlaza okotshani elimnyama elaphukayo, kanye nesikhathi esimaphakathi sokuvuleka kwemiquba; elikhiqizayo futhi eliqinile.
• Izinga lokukha: Cishe ngesikhathi somkhosi weQingming (清明), esimweni sezulu esicacile; imbali eyodwa eneqabunga elilodwa noma amabili, iqabunga elingenamonakalo, lingashisi futhi lingabi bomvu.

4. Indawo Yokutshala Kanye Nezici Zokutshala

• Isifunda: Inyakatho-mpumalanga yeFujian, izintaba zasempumalanga yesifundazwe. Ngokwencazelo yezinsiza, u-87.7% wendawo yesifunda uphakeme ngamamitha angu-500-1510; indawo ephakeme kakhulu - intaba iLongangshan (龙岗山), amamitha angu-1510.
• Ukuphakama: Isilinganiso sokuphakama kwesifunda - cishe amamitha angu-800 (ishicilelo elifanayo lango-2025). Ukuphakama kwesigodi saseGuansi ngokwaso akukho emithonjeni etholiwe.
• Isimo sezulu: Ngokweshicilelo elifanayo - amazolo aminyene nenkungu unyaka wonke, umehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku.
• Inhlabathi: Ngokweshicilelo senhlangano yamasiko yesifundazwe, ngokwamazwi ochwepheshe betiye, amasimu esifunda asemhlabathini ovundile ojulile obomvu-ophuzi. Esigodini uqobo alukho ulwazi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Incazelo yezinsiza iletha ubuchwepheshe bomshini obunamapharamitha. Umbhalo wezinga noma wemithetho yophawu angiwubonanga, ngakho izinombolo ezingezansi zivela encwadini yezinsiza, hhayi edokhumentini.

1. Ukugcinwa kweqabunga elisha (凉青, liángqīng): Ngongqimba lwamasentimitha angu-15, amahora angu-6-8, nokuphendulwa kanye ngehora - kuze kube yilapho iqabunga lithamba futhi liba luhlaza okotshani omnyama, kanti umswakama wehlela cishe ku-70%.
2. Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Emshinini wesigubhu: ekungeneni cishe u-150 °C, ekuphumeni cishe u-120 °C, imizuzu engu-1-2, kuze kube umswakama ufinyelela ku-55-60%.
3. Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Imizuzu engu-20 ngokushintsha ukucindezela - okuncane, okuphakathi, okunamandla, okuphakathi, okuncane, - kuze kube yilapho iqabunga lisonga libe imicu futhi kuphume ujusi.
4. Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào) ngezigaba ezintathu: ukomisa kuqala emshinini wokomisa ngo-130 °C; bese kugazingwa emgubheni ngo-90 °C kuze kube umile ngo-70%; bese kuba nokuqedela isikhathi eside ngo-80 °C, okwakha imicu emincane ebushelelezi enombala osiliva-mpunga-luhlaza, kuze kube umswakama ufinyelela ku-6%.

6. Izici Zomzwelo

Incazelo engezansi inikezwa yizincwadi zezinsiza; idokhumenti yophawu enencazelo yokubukeka angiyibonanga.

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Imicu emincane eminyene, eyindilinga futhi ebushelelezi, esiliva-mpunga-luhlaza (条索紧细、浑圆光滑呈银灰绿).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo ezihlukile emithonjeni etholiwe.
• Iphunga loketshezi: Eliphezulu, elibukhali futhi elihlala isikhathi eside, elimanothi lekhesthinoni (香气高锐持久、显栗香).
• Ukunambitheka: Okumnandi, okuthambile, okusha nokuvuselelayo (滋味甘醇鲜爽).
• Umbala woketshezi: Oluhlaza ngobumnene, ohlanzekile futhi okhanyayo (汤色嫩绿、清澈明亮).
• Amaqabunga asetshenzisiwe: Aluhlaza okotshani okusagolide, alinganayo futhi athambile (叶底翠绿、匀称柔软).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Okwetiye eliqediwe alikho ulwazi lwefiziksi namakhemikhali emithonjeni etholiwe. Okuyisithako incazelo yezinsiza ecaphuna umlando wesifunda iletha ulwazi lwenani laseGuansi: ama-amino acid angu-4.1%, ama-polyphenol angu-25.4%. Indlela nonyaka wesilinganiso umthombo akawusho; lokhu kuyisici sesihlahla, hhayi inkomba yetiye.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wekilasi wetiye eliluhlaza.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80-85 °C.
• Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3 kumamililitha angu-150.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma igaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo: Ukufudumeza izitsha, ukuthela amanzi ngasodongeni, uketshezi lokuqala - imizuzwana engu-40-60, bese kuba nokuphindwa kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wekilasi. Ephaketheni elivaliwe ngokuphelele, esiqandisini ngo-0-5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo Namanga

Ulwazi lwamanani amanje alikho emithonjeni etholiwe.

• Ugwema kanjani amanga:
  • Funa uphawu lokuqinisekisa indawo “官司云雾茶” (№ 8644027).
  • Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda saseZhouning.
  • Ungadidanisi nohlobo lwesifunda iZhouning Gaoshan Yunwu Cha kanye namanye amatiye “amafu”: “yuwu” yigama elisabalele.

11. Amaqiniso Ajabulisayo

• Ulwazi nge “Panama Exhibition” luyahlukahluka. Esinye ishicilelo sibhala ngendondo yesiliva yetiye laseGuansi ngo-1915; incwadi yezinsiza - ngegolide lango-1915 ngetiye lenkampani yaseFujian, elenziwe ngeqabunga laseGuansi, kanye nangesiliva lango-1946. Umbukiso wasePanama wenzeka ngo-1915, futhi idethi ka-1946 ayihambisani nawo. Angizange ngiqinisekise noma iyiphi inguqulo.
• Isikhungo sesifunda saseZhouning incwadi yezinsiza isibiza ngesindawo ephakeme kakhulu eFujian.
• Uphawu luqanjwe ngesigodi, hhayi ngesifunda: ngokwezincwadi zezinsiza, emkhandlwini waseNingde ngaphambi kwalo kwakunoTanyang Gong Fu kuphela oqanjwe kanjalo.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye

• Tanyang Gong Fu (坦洋工夫): Itiye elibomvu lomkhandlu ofanayo waseNingde, nalo linegama lesigodi; uphawu lokuqala olunjalo lomkhandlu.
• Bai Lin Gongfu (白琳工夫): Itiye elibomvu laseFuding, izincwadi zezinsiza ezibeka itiye laseGuansi ezingeni elifanayo nalo.
• Shouning Gaoshan Cha (寿宁高山茶): Itiye elivikelwe lasentabeni lesifunda esingumakhelwane iShouning lomkhandlu ofanayo - elibomvu neliluhlaza.
• Lushan Yun Wu (庐山云雾): Itiye eliluhlaza “lamafu” lesifundazwe saseJiangxi; okufanayo neGuansi - igama elithi “yuwu” kuphela.

Ekuphetheni:

IGuansi Yunwu Cha yitiye eliluhlaza lesigodi esisodwa sezintaba zasempumalanga yeFujian: inani lembewu lendawo, imicu emincane esiliva-mpunga-luhlaza, iphunga lekhesthinoni noketshezi oluluhlaza ngobumnene. Umlando ulandiswa ngokungafani - kusukela ngo-1580 noma maphakathi neQing, ngezindondo ezingenakuqinisekiswa; amaqiniso aqinile - uphawu lwango-2011 kanye nenani lezihlahla ezivikelwe.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

• CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №8644027

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo