Báipénzhū Héngkēng chá

Ibhayipenzhu Hengken Cha (Báipénzhū Héngkēng chá, 白盆珠横坑茶) — itiye eliluhlaza lasezigodini zaseHengken (横坑村) endaweni yaseBhayipenzhu (白盆珠镇) esifundeni saseHuidong (惠东县) esifundazweni saseHuizhou, esifundazweni saseGuangdong. Isigodi sizungezwe nxazonke yizintaba zeLianhuashan (莲花山), kanti itiye laso — «ihengken cha» (横坑茶) — ikhasi lezokuvakasha (2023) lilifaka ohlwini lwamatiye esifunda. Igama alikavikelwa okwamanje: ngoMashi 2025 iphephandaba i-«Huizhou ribao» labika ukuthi iHhovisi likaHulumeni Lezobuhlakani Buye Lazamukela ukucutshungulwa kwesicelo sophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo lwe-«白盆珠横坑茶». Uphawu nendawo akukabikho; isigaba udaba lusithatha kuleli khasi, elibeka ngokuqondile itiye laseHengken kweziluhlaza.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Ikhasi lezokuvakasha (2023) libhala ngokuqondile: «横坑茶属绿茶系» — itiye laseHengken lingelohlobo oluluhlaza. Angizange ngilubone udokhumenti wesicelo onesigaba: isigaba simiswe ngokwencazelo, hhayi ngokwedokhumenti.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lasezigodini zeLianhuashan; isicelo sophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo, esamukelwe ukucutshungulwa.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseGuangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), isifunda saseHuizhou (惠州, Huìzhōu), isifunda saseHuidong (惠东, Huìdōng), indawo yaseBhayipenzhu (白盆珠, Báipénzhū), isigodi saseHengken (横坑, Héngkēng).
Indawo: Indawo evikelwe ayikashicilelwa. Ngokwekhasi lezokuvakasha, itiye likhula ngaphakathi kwesizinda sokulondolozwa kwemvelo sesifundazwe saseLianhuashan.
Isimo: Isicelo samukelwe, igama alikabhaliswa (irejista ka-2026).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Uhlu lozalo lomndeni wakwaLai. Amaphephandaba endawo alandisa kabusha «Uhlu Lozalo LwakwaLai» (《赖氏族谱》) lasesigodini saseHengken: ekuqaleni kobukhosi bakwaQing okhokho bomndeni wakwaLai bahlala eHengken futhi ngeminyaka kaKangxi (康熙) baqala ukutshala itiye eliluhlaza. Angizange ngilubone uhlu lozalo lwangempela, ngakho lokhu kuyisiko lomndeni elilandiswa kabusha, hhayi usuku oluqinisekisiwe.
- Udumo eLingnan. Ngokwalokhu kulandiswa kabusha, itiye laseHengken lalisakazeka ngemigwaqo emidala yeposi futhi laduma eLingnan. Ayikho imibhalo yokuhweba ngaleli tiye emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ezolimo zesimanje. Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngendawo yamasimu, amako-ophu, kanye nemali engenayo yesigodi emithonjeni etholakele.
- 2025 — isicelo samukelwe. Ngokwe-«Huizhou ribao» (uMashi 2025), izimpawu zesifunda «惠东马铃薯» ne-«惠东仙人茶» sezivele zibhalisiwe, kanti izicelo ze-«白盆珠横坑茶», «惠东南山茶», «惠州岩茶» kanye neminye imikhiqizo emibili engeyona yetiye zamukelwe ukucutshungulwa.
Igama: «Ibhayipenzhu» (白盆珠) — igama lendawo; «Hengken» (横坑) — igama lesigodi; «cha» (茶) — itiye.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Amaphephandaba endawo acaphuna ingoma yesigodi ngemvula ngale kweLianhuashan nangetiye, elivunwa eHengken ngaphambi komkhosi weQingming (清明, qīngmíng). Ikhasi lezokuvakasha libiza ngaleli gama imikhiqizo emibili yendawo — 新庵横坑茶 kanye ne-五指嶂三里路横坑茶.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo lwesitshalo / Iqembu: Uhlobo lwesitshalo olufunwa uphawu alushicilelwanga. Indawo yaseBhayipenzhu — ngenye yezindawo lapho ezintabeni kukhula khona itiye lasendle i-xianren cha (仙人茶), iqembu lendawo lesifunda. Ikhasi lezokuvakasha (2023) libala izinhlobo eziphambili zesifunda sezizonke — i-xianren cha (eyaziwa nangokuthi «ishanzi cha», 山子茶), i-金萱 (jīnxuān), i-梅占 (méizhàn), i-shuixian (水仙) kanye namahlumela eqembu lendabuko. Akukho okushiwo ngokuqondile ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zetiye laseHengken emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Awekho amazinga okuvuna emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinkathi zonyaka: Ngokulandiswa kabusha kwamaphephandaba endawo, itiye laseHengken linezivuno ezintathu:
- Itiye lasentwasahlobo (春茶): livunwa ngaphambi komkhosi weQingming.
- Itiye lasehlobo — «iliuyuezi» (六月子, liùyuèzi, «itiye lenyanga yesithupha»).
- Itiye lasekwindla — «ibailuzi» (白露子, báilùzi): ngesikhathi seBailu (白露); lapho liphekwa kuvela iphunga lezimbali.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Izintaba zeLianhuashan. Ngokwekhasi lezokuvakasha (2023), itiye likhula ngaphakathi kwesizinda sokulondolozwa kwemvelo sesifundazwe saseLianhuashan, kanti isigodi saseHengken sizungezwe nxazonke yizintaba zaso.
Ukuphakama: Ayikho imininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngokuphakama kwamasimu; isikhombo sikhuluma kuphela «ngezintaba eziphakeme eziluhlaza».
Isimo sezulu: Ngokwaleli khasi elifanayo — umswakama ulethwa umoya ovela olwandle lwaseNingizimu China, izintaba zivame ukuba namafu nenkungu, isimo sezulu sifudumele, ukukhanya kulinganiselwe, kanti amasimu aniselwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile asemthonjeni. Esifundeni sezizonke likhuluma ngesimo sezulu saseningizimu nengxenye yetropiki, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi lingama-22,0 °C kanye nemvula engu-1720,3 mm ngonyaka.
Inhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Ubucwepheshe obufunwa uphawu abukho emithonjeni etholakele; ikhasi lezokuvakasha libeka kuphela ukuthi itiye lingelohlobo oluluhlaza.

Ngezansi — uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye ngqo:

Ukunaba (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga elisha likhipha ingxenye yomswakama.
Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
Ukusonta (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).

6. Izici Zezinzwa

Udocumethi onezimfuneko zokubukeka awukho; ngezansi — incazelo yekhasi lezokuvakasha.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lotshwala: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele, ngaphandle kokushiwo ekulandisweni kabusha kwamaphephandaba endawo ukuthi i-«bailuzi» yasekwindla ikhipha iphunga lezimbali.
Ukunambitheka: Ngokwekhasi lezokuvakasha (2023) — kumnandi ngaphandle kobuhlungu, kugcwele ngaphandle kobumuncu, kunethoni eqinile yoju, kuzwakala kujulile emphinjeni futhi kubuyela kamnandi isikhathi eside (甘而不苦，浓而不涩，蜜味浓，喉底足，回甘久).
Umbala wotshwala: Ngokwaleli khasi elifanayo — ucwebile (茶色清澈).
Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physico-chemical emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukupheka

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza izitsha.
2. Ukufaka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Ukupheka kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yotshwala, uthele amanzi futhi; ukuphinda kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Itiye lasentwasahlobo kungcono ukuphuzwa phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Khumbula ukuthi uphawu lwe-«白盆珠横坑茶» alukabikho: umbhalo ephaketheni — igama lokuhweba, hhayi igama elivikelwe.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela endaweni yaseBhayipenzhu esifundeni saseHuidong.
- Buza ngenkathi yonyaka: itiye lasentwasahlobo ngaphambi kweQingmin kanye ne-«bailuzi» yasekwindla — amatiye ahlukene.
- Ungadidanisi nesibhalo esibhalisiwe sesifunda «惠东仙人茶» — lelo elinye igama.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ngokohlu lozalo lwakwaLai, njengoba lilandiswa kabusha ngamaphephandaba endawo, itiye eliluhlaza eHengken laqala ukutshalwa ngesikhathi sikaKangxi.
Amasimu esigodi, ngokwekhasi lezokuvakasha, aniselwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile asemthonjeni.
Engomeni yendawo, njengoba ilandiswa kabusha ngamaphephandaba, itiye laseHengken — yilelo elivunwa ngaphambi kweQingmin.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye

I-Huidong Xianren Cha (惠东仙人茶): Isibhalo esibhalisiwe sesifunda esifanayo setiye leqembu lendawo i-xianren cha, elikhula nasezintabeni zaseBhayipenzhu.
I-Huizhou Yancha (惠州岩茶): I-wulong yohlobo lwaseWuyishan evela emagqumeni e-danxia endawo efanayo; isicelo sophawu samukelwe kanye nesaseHengken.
I-Huidong Nanshan Cha (惠东南山茶): Igama elifunwayo lendawo yezintaba yaseJiulongfeng esifundeni esifanayo; isigaba asikamiselwa.
I-Huidong Lu Cha (惠东绿茶): Udaba lwekhophasi ngamatiye aluhlaza esifunda sezizonke, lapho itiye laseHengken liyingxenye yakhona.
I-Baitang Shancha (柏塘山茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lesifunda saseBolo lesifundazwe esifanayo — selivele livikelwe, linamazinga.

Ekuphetheni:

Ibhayipenzhu Hengken Cha — itiye eliluhlaza lasesigodini lezintaba zaseLianhuashan, okwamanje elinesicelo kodwa lingenalo uphawu. Imibhalo yendawo ilichaza ngokuningiliziwe kunamadokhumenti: uhlu lozalo lwakwaLai ekulandisweni kabusha kwamaphephandaba lubeka ukuqala kokutshalwa kwetiye eminyakeni kaKangxi, ikhasi lezokuvakasha libeka itiye kweziluhlaza futhi lithembisa enkomishini ubumnandi ngaphandle kobuhlungu kanye nethoni yoju, kanti esigodini kuhlukaniswa izivuno zasentwasahlobo, zasehlobo nezasekwindla. Ukuthi umkhiqizo ovikelwe uzoba yini, kuzoboniswa ukubhaliswa kophawu kuphela.