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Ikhaya · Oolong · Huizhou Yancha

Huìzhōu yánchá

Huìzhōu yánchá · 惠州岩茶

Huizhou Yancha (Huìzhōu yánchá, 惠州岩茶) — «itiye lasedwaleni» lesifunda sase Huidong (惠东县) ngaphansi kwedolobha lase Huizhou, esifundazweni sase Guangdong: i-oolong yohlobo lwase Wuyishan evela ezinhlobeni ezilethwe zisuka e-Wuyishan futhi zatshalwa ngo-2011 emagqumeni abomvu e-danxia (丹霞) eduze kwedamu lase Baipenzhu. Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ibhala kanjalo — «岩茶南迁», «itiye lasedwaleni lathuthela eningizimu». Igama alikavikelwa okwamanje: isicelo sophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo samukelwe ukuze sicutshungulwe yi-State Intellectual Property Office, kodwa ngo-2026 uphawu alukabhaliswa, futhi indawo evikelwe ayikashicilelwa.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

  • Uhlobo: I-Oolong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá), itiye elinefermentation engaphelele. Imithombo yezindaba yesifunda (2021) ibhala ukuthi «岩茶属半发酵茶», i-«Nanfang Plus» (2023) — ukuthi itiye lasedwaleni, njenge-dancong, lingaphansi kwama-oolong. Alikho idokhumenti yokuvikela enencazelo yesigaba.
  • Isisekelo: Isigaba sibekwe ngokwemithombo yezindaba, hhayi ngokwedokhumenti: kokubili imithombo yezindaba yesifunda ne-«Nanfang Plus» zichaza izinhlobo, ubuchwepheshe kanye negama uqobo njengokuthathwe e-Wuyishan.
  • Isigaba: I-oolong yasedwaleni yohlobo lwase Wuyishan ngaphandle kwase Wuyishan; igama elifakiwe kodwa elingakabhaliswa.
  • Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase Guangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), idolobha lase Huizhou (惠州, Huìzhōu), isifunda sase Huidong. Izingadi zokuqala — eduze kwedolobhana lase Baipenzhu (白盆珠镇), esigodini sase Muhua (沐化村); ingadi enkulu yenye inkampani — eduze kwedolobhana lase Duozhu (多祝镇), esigodini sase Mingxi (明溪村).
  • Indawo efakiwe: Ayikashicilelwa. Igama lesicelo — ngokwedolobha, likhuthazwa yisifunda sase Huidong; umfakisicelo akatholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Izixhumanisi zendawo: Azikho idatha eqondile; amaphephandaba abeka i-Huizhou e-Tropic of Cancer.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

  • Umlando:
    • 2011 — ukuthuthwa kusuka e-Wuyishan. Inkampani yendawo yaqasha amagquma anamatshe alahliwe kubalimi eduze kwedamu lase Baipenzhu futhi yatshala izinhlobo zase Wuyishan; ngokwe-«Nandu», ukutshala kwesivivinyo kwathatha iminyaka emine. Ngokwe-«Nanfang Plus», isazi sezemvelo someluleki wephrojekthi sahehwa yi-danxia ye-Lianhuashan (莲花山): isimo sezulu, inhlabathi namanzi lapha, ngokuhlola kwakhe, kufana nase Wuyishan. Leli phephandaba libhala ukuthi izithombo zokuqala ezingama-270,000 ezilethwayo zakhula zaba izingadi ezingaphezu kwe-mu eyinkulungwane.
    • 2014 no-2016 — imiklomelo. Itiye lomkhiqizo we-«白盆珠» lathola igolide emqhudelwaneni wamatiye adumile e-11th nase-13th China International Tea Fair: kuqala i-Tie Luohan, bese kuba yi-«名枞» i-Rougui.
    • 2022 — amazinga. Ngokwe-«Nanfang Plus», ngoNovemba kwagunyazwa amadokhumenti amathathu: «惠州岩茶» (umkhiqizo), «惠州岩茶加工技术规范» (ubuchwepheshe) kanye ne-«惠州岩茶栽培技术规范» (ukutshalwa). Angizange ngiyibone imibhalo futhi angizisho izidingo zayo. Ngaleso sikhathi kwasungulwa inhlangano ye-«惠州岩茶协会» kanye nesikhungo sokucwaninga setiye lasedwaleni le-danxia, kwathi ngoDisemba umsunguli wenkampani yokuqala wabhalisa uphawu lokuhweba i-«广东鹅城岩茶».
    • 2025 — isicelo sophawu. I-«Huizhou Daily» ngoMashi yabika: imibhalo yezimpawu zesitifiketi sezindawo ze-«惠州岩茶», «惠东南山茶», «白盆珠横坑茶» kanye neminye imikhiqizo emibili yesifunda — okungeyona yetiye yamukelwa yi-State Intellectual Property Office. Irejista ka-2026 isabala igama njengesicelo.
  • Igama: 惠州 — igama ledolobha; 岩茶 — «itiye lasedwaleni, itiye lamadwala», igama lase Wuyishan letiye lezidwala ze-danxia. I-«Nanfang Plus» ilichaza ngesaga esithi «岩岩有茶，非岩不茶» — «kuwo wonke amadwala kunetiye, ngaphandle kwedwala akukho tiye».
  • Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Iphrojekthi yethulwa njengokuguqula amathambeka alahliwe abe izingadi ezinengeniso; umphathi wenye yezinkampani (2025) ubiza i-Huizhou ngokuthi «isifunda sesibili setiye lasedwaleni e-China» — lokhu kuwukuzihlola kwakhe, hhayi isimo esivunyiwe.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

  • Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Izinhlobo zase Wuyishan ze-oolong yasedwaleni. Ngokwemithombo yezindaba yesifunda (2021), inkampani yokuqala yaletha eziyisithupha: i-铁罗汉 (Tiě luóhàn), i-水仙 (Shuǐxiān), i-北斗 (Běidǒu), i-肉桂 (Ròuguì), i-奇兰 (Qílán) kanye ne-黄观音 (Huáng guānyīn). Ngokwe-«Nanfang Plus» (2023), ingadi yase Duozhu yethula izinhlobo eziyi-11; kubalwa i-水仙, i-肉桂, i-铁罗汉, i-北斗, i-奇兰 kanye ne-金观音 (Jīn guānyīn).
  • Isivuno sokuqala: Ngonyaka wesithathu emva kokutshala (imithombo yezindaba yesifunda).
  • Isikhathi sokuvuna: Imithombo iyahluka. Imithombo yezindaba yesifunda (2021) ibhala ngamavuno amabili — ku-Qingming (清明) naku-Bailu (白露) — nangokuthi itiye lifika emakethe ngenyanga ngaphambi kwetiye lase Wuyishan; i-«Nanfang Plus» (2023) — ngesivuno sasentwasahlobo, sesibili sasentwasahlobo kanye nasehlobo-ekwindla, kufika kweziyisihlanu ngonyaka. Kubukeka sengathi lokhu kuwumkhuba wezingadi ezahlukene.
  • Indlela yokuvuna: Ngomshini (yomibili imithombo).

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

  • Indawo nedwala: «I-danxia esencane» ye-Lianhuashan; amathambeka, ngokwamaphephandaba, ikakhulukazi athambile futhi alungele imishini.
  • Inhlabathi: Ngokwe-«Nanfang Plus» — i-«红层黄砾壤», inhlabathi ephuzi enamanxuluma okugaya phezu kwezendlalelo ezibomvu. Isendlalelo senhlabathi sincane; ingadi yase Duozhu ifaka izinto eziphilayo nama-microelements kabili ngonyaka.
  • Isimo sezulu namanzi: Isikhathi eside sokukhula, cishe ngaphandle kwesithwathwa; amanzi alethwa umfula i-Xizhijiang (西枝江).
  • Ubude bendawo: Akukho datha emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Izindawo: Ngokwesilinganiso sehhovisi ledolobha lezinsizakalo zezolimo, ezifundeni zase Huidong, e-Bolo nakwezinye kune-0.72 million mu yamagquma e-danxia afanele itiye lasedwaleni. Izingadi zangempela zincane: ingadi yase Duozhu — i-2100 mu, kuyo okungaphezu kwe-1100 ku-danxia (2025); ngokombiko ofanayo ka-2025, esifundeni sonke kukhona cishe i-4000 mu. Uhlelo lwedolobha — i-300 thousand mu ngo-2043; lokhu kuwuhlelo, hhayi iqiniso.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Imithombo yezindaba yesifunda (2021) kanye ne-«Nanfang Plus» (2023) zibala imisebenzi eyisikhombisa efanayo:

  1. Ukuvuna iqabunga (采青, cǎiqīng).
  2. Ukwenza ubune (萎凋, wěidiāo).
  3. Ukunyakazisa (做青, zuòqīng): Umsebenzi obalulekile we-oolong — ukuxhuma kweqabunga okuyingxenye.
  4. Ukuqinisa (炒青, chǎoqīng).
  5. Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
  6. Ukubhaka ngomlilo (烘焙, hōngbèi).
  7. Ukukhetha nokuhlanzwa (拣剔, jiǎntī).

Umjikelezo wonke kuze kube itiye elilungile, ngokwemithombo yomibili, uthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-70. Ukukhiqiza kusetshenziswa imishini: i-«Nanfang Plus» ibhala ngomugqa wokuzenzakalela ngokuphelele nokuhlungwa nge-laser. Ngokwesazi sezemvelo someluleki (2025), imininingwane yobuchwepheshe base Wuyishan ijwayelana nesimo sezulu sendawo; ukuthi yiziphi, akazange azicacise. Akukho amapharamitha ezinombolo emithonjeni etholakele.

6. Izici Zezinzwa

Izincazelo — ezivela emithonjeni yezindaba yesifunda (2021); alikho idokhumenti enezidingo zokubukeka.

  • Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imicu egobile, isonge ngokuqinile, emincane futhi eqinile; umbala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi onsundu (乌褐), ngezinye izikhathi unokukhanya okuluhlaza okumnyama.
  • Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
  • Iphunga lotshala: Lihlanzekile (清香); iphunga «lehlela phansi kwenkomishi» (香沉杯底).
  • Ukunambitheka: Kubushelelezi futhi kugcwele, nokubuya okumnandi (回甘), «厚重耐泡» — kuminyene futhi kumelana nokuchithwa kwamanzi amaningi; ubukrakra nobuthi, ngokwencazelo, abukho. «Inothi lasedwaleni» (岩韵) umphathi wenye yezinkampani (2025) uyihlukanisa ngezimpawu ezintathu: umuzwa emphinjeni, «ithambo» lokunambitheka kanye nokubanda.
  • Umbala wotshala: O-orange ophuzi onokuthambekela kokubomvu, kucwazimula futhi kukhanya; kwenye indawo endabeni efanayo — ophuzi ocwebile (澄黄透亮).
  • Iqabunga letiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Akukho datha ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele. Imithombo yezindaba yesifunda (2021) ibhala ukuthi ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi izinsalela ze-pesticide azitholakalanga; iphephandaba alinikezi amaphrothokholi.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba se-oolong yasedwaleni.

  • Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C.
  • Inani letiye: Amagremu angu-5–8 nge-100–110 ml.
  • Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma itiye elincane lobumba.
  • Inqubo: Ukufudumeza izitsha, thela ngokushesha futhi ulahle amanzi okuqala; ukuchithwa kokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-10–20, bese ukwandisa isikhathi; ngokuvamile ukuchithwa okuyisithupha kuya kweyisishiyagalombili.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. I-oolong ebhakiwe igcinwa ekupakisheni okuminyene okungabonakali, endaweni eyomile emnyama ngezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile, kude namaphunga; okubalulekile — ukoma.

10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa

Izintengo — ezamaphephandaba kuphela. Ngokwe-«Nanfang Plus», ingadi yase Duozhu ngo-2022 yakhiqiza cishe i-20 thousand jin yetiye eselilungile futhi ilithengisa nge-500–2000 yuan nge-jin; ngokwe-«Nandu» (2023), inkampani yokuqala — ngokwesilinganiso nge-800–1000 yuan, okuphezulu kungu-11,800 yuan nge-jin.

  • Ugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
    • Uphawu lwendawo yezwe lwe-«惠州岩茶» alikabikho: isicelo asikabhaliswa, futhi umbhalo othi «地理标志» onaleli gama okwamanje awufakazelwa yilutho.
    • Itiye lasedwaleni lase Wuyishan livikelwa inkomba yalo uqobo (GB/T 18745-2006 «地理标志产品 武夷岩茶»), ngakho-ke itiye lase Huizhou alikwazi ukuthengiswa njenge-«武夷岩茶», futhi okuphambene nalokho.
    • Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni sase Huidong esifundazweni sase Guangdong.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

  • Embhalweni wesi-Russian, i-惠州 yase Guangdong kanye ne-徽州 — isifunda esingokomlando e-Anhui — zizwakala zifana, «Huizhou». Itiye lase-Guangdong lasedwaleni alihlangene namatiye ase-Anhui.
  • Ngo-2023, umholi weqembu lochwepheshe, owayeyinhloko yomnyango woMnyango Wezolimo, wabiza amandla etiye lasedwaleni lase Huizhou ngokuthi ayafaniswa ne-Yingde Hongcha ne-Fenghuang Dancong — izinsika ezintathu zetiye lase Guangdong.
  • Ngo-2025, ingadi yase Mingxi yaboniswa bukhoma ohlelweni lwe-«丰收中国万里行» — ngokuqhathanisa okuyimpumputhe namanye amatiye asedwaleni.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye

  • Yan Cha (岩茶): I-oolong yasedwaleni yase Wuyishan — isibonelo lapho kukopishwe khona kokubili izinhlobo nobuchwepheshe; ivikelwa inkomba yayo yendawo.
  • Tie Luohan (铁罗汉): Uhlobo lwase Wuyishan olwalethele itiye lase Huizhou umklomelo wango-2014.
  • Rou Gui (肉桂): Uhlobo lwase Wuyishan; i-«名枞» Rougui yase Huizhou yaklonyeliswa ngo-2016.
  • Dan Cong (单枞): I-oolong yase Guangdong evela e-Chaozhou; i-«Nanfang Plus» iziphikisa kanje — i-dancong inconywa ngephunga lezimbali, itiye lasedwaleni nge-«nota lasedwaleni».
  • Huidong Xianren Cha (惠东仙人茶): Inani lendawo letiye lesifunda esifanayo, esivele sinophawu.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Huizhou Yancha — ukuhlola okusha: izinhlobo zase Wuyishan nobuchwepheshe, okwatshalwa ngo-2011 emagqumeni abomvu e-danxia yase Guangdong. Isivele inemiklomelo, amazinga ayo kanye nesicelo sophawu, kodwa ayikho idokhumenti echaza ukubukeka nendawo yokuvikela. Ngokwamaphephandaba iyi-oolong ebhakiwe eminyene enotshala o-orange, futhi ukuyiqhathanisa nesibonelo sase Wuyishan kuthembekile kakhulu enkomishini eyodwa, hhayi ngezwi nje.

Imithombo

Amazinga

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo