Chéngbù dòngchá

Chengbu Dongcha (Chéngbù dòngchá, 城步峒茶) itiye leChengbu Miao Autonomous County (城步苗族自治县) yesifunda saseShaoyang eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe saseHunan, emngceleni weGuangxi. 峒茶 (dòngchá) yigama labantu bendawo lokuhluma kwesihlahla setiye, hhayi isigaba: kusuka kulo kwakwenziwa itiye elibomvu elichotshoziwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, manje kwenziwa itiye elibomvu neliluhlaza, kanti amaMiao namaDong alesi sifunda kudala epheka kusuka emaqabungeni alo isisekelo setiye elinamafutha. Abaphathi bezimakethe zaseShaoyang bakubiza njengenye yezinhlobo ezine ezihamba phambili zendawo zokuhluma kwesihlahla setiye eHunan futhi bakuhlukanisa njengohlobo lwaseningizimu lwamaqabunga amakhulu olufana nesihlahla. Kusukela ngo-2022 igama livikelwa wuphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Isigaba asimisiwe: igama lisho ukuhluma kwesihlahla nendawo, imithombo ayisho isigaba somkhiqizo. I-athikili yereferensi ibheka izinto zokusetshenziswa zifanele kokubili itiye elibomvu neliluhlaza, “ikakhulukazi elibomvu”.
• Isigaba: Itiye lokuhluma kwesihlahla sendawo; uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2022).
• Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe saseHunan (湖南, Húnán), isifunda saseShaoyang (邵阳, Shàoyáng), iChengbu Miao Autonomous County (城步, Chéngbù).
• Indawo: Uhlu lwesifundazwe lwango-2024 lubonisa isifunda iChengbu njengobunikazi bomnikazi wophawu; umngcele womthetho wendawo angiwutholanga. I-athikili yereferensi ibiza izigodi namadolobhana lapho kukhula khona lesi sitshalo: iTingping (汀坪), iWeixi (威溪), iRulin (儒林), iLanrong (兰蓉), iBaimaoping (白毛坪), iWutuan (五团), iChang’anying (长安营) kanye neDankou (丹口).
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Esifundeni saseGaomei, iPengdong yesigodi saseTingping, i-athikili yereferensi inikeza 25°58′–26°02′ N no-110°14′–110°20′ E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Amarekhodi amadala. I-athikili yereferensi icaphuna umugqa ovela ku “Chengbu Local Gazetteer” (城步乡土志): “茶有八峒茶·略可采用” - “phakathi kwamatiye kukhona itiye lama-dong ayisishiyagalombili, elingasetshenziswa kancane”. Imibhalo yendawo idlulisela ngokuhlukile - “城步有八峒茶，可采”; angizange ngiwubone umthombo wokuqala.
  • 1974–1982 - okutholakele. Ngokwe-athikili efanayo, ngo-1974 kwatholakala isihlahla sasendle eside esineqabunga elibanzi eliwugqinsi; ngo-1975 ochwepheshe baseHunan Agricultural Institute basichaza njengetiye elinesihlahla esincane esinamaqabunga amakhulu. Ngo-1982 eCaojiawan (曹家湾) kwatholakala isihlahla esiphakeme ngamamitha ayi-7.28 nobubanzi besiqu obungamasentimitha angama-41.1.
  • Ukuhlolwa kokutshalwa kabusha. Ngo-1975–1980 lesi sitshalo sazanywa ukutshalwa kwenye indawo eShaoyang; izihlahla zaba yizihlahlana, iqabunga lancipha, futhi kwathathwa njenge-ecotype eboshelwe endaweni.
  • 1980s - itiye elibomvu elichotshoziwe. I-athikili yereferensi ithi ngo-1984 itiye elibomvu elichotshoziwe elivela kulesi sitshalo lemboni yaseQiliping (七里坪) lathola isicoco somkhiqizo wekhwalithi yesifundazwe, futhi maphakathi nawo-1980 kwaba nokuchuma: lonke iqabunga lalithengwa ukuze kuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Ngokuhamba kwetiye elibomvu laseChina emakethe yangaphandle maphakathi nawo-1990, lesi sitshalo sehla.
  • 1986–1987 - uhlobo. NgoJuni 1986 lesi sitshalo saqashelwa njengohlobo lwesifundazwe lwendawo; ngo-1987 - yikomidi lesifundazwe lezinhlobo.
  • 2020. Ngokwe-athikili yereferensi, isifunda samemezela ukuvikelwa nokubhalwa kwezihlahla zetiye ezindala.
  • 2022 - uphawu. I-National Intellectual Property Administration ku-1777th issue yebhulethini yezimpawu zokuhweba yamemezela “城步峒茶” njengophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo; i-athikili yereferensi ibeka ukuqala kokusebenza ngoMasingana 28, 2022. KweShaoyang lolu kwaba wuphawu lokuqala lwesifundazwe lwendawo lonyaka - njengoba kwabika abaphathi bezimakethe besifunda ngoFebhuwari 23.
• Igama:
  • “Chengbu” (城步) yigama lesifunda.
  • “Dong” (峒, dòng) - ngokwe-athikili yereferensi, lokhu kwakubizwa ngamayunithi okuphatha ezintabeni zamaMiao; ngesikhathi samaMing eChengbu kwakunama “dong” amahlanu anjalo. Itiye “liqanjwe ngendawo” - yingakho kuthiwa 峒茶.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I “Hunan ribao” ibhala ukuthi amaMiao namaDong aseChengbu kudala ejwayele ukuphuza itiye elinamafutha (油茶, yóuchá), ukuthi itiye laseChengbu elinamafutha lifakwe ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angaphatheki, nokuthi isithako salo esiyinhloko yiqabunga le-峒茶.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

• Isitshalo: Isitshalo sendawo esine-embewu (有性系). Imibiko esemthethweni isibiza ngohlobo lwaseningizimu lwamahlamvu amakhulu olufana nesihlahla (南方大叶种乔木型); i-athikili yereferensi kwenye indawo ibhala “isihlahla esincane, amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, isikhathi esiphakathi” (小乔木型，中叶类，中生种). Ukungqubuzana akuchazwanga yimithombo.
• Izinhlobo ezimbili: Ngombala weqabunga elivuthiwe, abantu bendawo bahlukanisa phakathi “kwe-dongcha enamahlamvu aluhlaza” (青叶峒茶, ebizwa nangokuthi 竹叶茶 ne-绵茶) kanye “ne-dongcha enamahlamvu aphuzi” (黄叶峒茶).
• Isihlahla neqabunga: Ngokwe-athikili yereferensi - isiqu siyabonakala, amagatsha ayindlala; iqabunga lide-elliptical, liluhlaza noma liluhlaza okumnyama, licwebezela. Amahlumela aphuzi-luhlaza, anoboya obuningi, ahlala ethambile isikhathi eside.
• Izikhathi: Amahlumela asentwasahlobo aqala ekupheleni kukaMashi, ukuvuna kuqala maphakathi no-April - ngokwe-athikili efanayo.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Okwetiye elinophawu, imininingwane ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

• Isifunda: INingizimu-ntshonalanga yeHunan, ukuhlangana neGuangxi. I “Shaoyang Gazetteer”, ecashunwe yi-athikili yereferensi, ibeka indawo eyinhloko esigodini saseTingping emngceleni wezifunda zaseGuangxi iLongsheng neZiyuan, emaphethelweni asenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYuechengling Ridge (越城岭).
• Ukuphakama kokukhula: 300–700 m esifundeni saseTingping - ngokwe-athikili yereferensi; i-athikili efanayo ibhala ngamaqembu ezihlahla ezindala ngaphezu kwe-1700 m epaki likazwelonke laseNanshan.
• Isimo sezulu: Ngokwe-athikili yereferensi - cishe 18 °C ngokwesilinganiso ngonyaka, imvula engu-1560.7 mm, cishe izinsuku eziyikhulu ezininkungu.
• Inhlabathi: Ikakhulukazi ubomvu, i-acidic kancane (pH 5.0–5.5), nokuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo okungu-3.09% - ngokwe-athikili yereferensi kanye negazethi yesifunda ekhonjisiwe.
• Isikali: Ngokombiko wabaphathi bezimakethe baseShaoyang (2022) - ama-mu angama-30,000 okutshalwe; i-athikili yereferensi ikhuluma ngaphezu kwama-mu angama-40,000 ezihlahla zasendle nezitshaliwe ngo-2020.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Umbhalo onezimfuneko zobuchwepheshe betiye elinophawu angizange ngiwubone. Imithombo etholakele ichaza imigqa emithathu.

• Itiye elibomvu elichotshoziwe. Umkhiqizo oyinhloko wawo-1980, wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe; imingcele yokucubungula ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
• Amatiye esimanje. I-athikili yereferensi ibhala ngokukhiqizwa kwetiye elibomvu neliluhlaza, kepha ayichazi ubuchwepheshe.
• Amaqebelengwane etiye etiye elinamafutha. Ngokwe-athikili yereferensi, iqabunga livunwa cishe ngoQingming noGuyu, liphekwe ebhodweni lensimbi ngamanzi erayisi, liphekwe amahora amaningana ngomlilo ophansi, lixoveke lishisile, libunjwe ngamaqebelengwane alingana nesandla, bese lome ngomlilo nangelanga.

6. Izimpawu Ze-Organoleptic

Ngaphansi kophawu kukhona amatiye ezigaba ezahlukene, ngakho-ke akukho ncazelo ejwayelekile. Ngezansi kunencazelo yetiye elibomvu elivela kulesi sitshalo ngokwe-athikili yereferensi.

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
• Iphunga lokuphisa: Okwetiye elibomvu - licebile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香气浓郁持久), nephunga lezimbali noju (花蜜香).
• Ukunambitheka: Okwetiye elibomvu - kuthambile (醇和), kwenye indawo ye-athikili efanayo - kuthambile futhi kuqabulayo (醇和爽口).
• Umbala wokuphisa: Okwetiye elibomvu - ubomvu obukhulu futhi obukhanyayo (红浓明亮).
• Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.

Okwetiye elinamafutha, ngokwe-athikili efanayo, uhlobo olunamahlamvu aphuzi lunikeza ukunambitheka okuqinile futhi lubekezelela ukuphindwa okuningi kunohlobo olunamahlamvu aluhlaza.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Imibhalo yereferensi inikeza amaphesenti e-polyphenols, ama-amino acid, ama-catechin nezinto ezikhishwayo, kepha izibalo ziyaphikisana ngisho nangaphakathi kombhalo owodwa, futhi indlela nesampula akubizwanga. Ngakho-ke angizidluliseli.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba - imingcele incike ekutheni yiliphi itiye osesandleni.

• Elibomvu: 90–95 °C, 3–5 g ku-150 ml, ukuphisa kokuqala imizuzwana eyi-15–30 e-gaiwan, bese kuphindwe kane kuya kuhlanu ngokwengeza imizuzwana eye-10–15.
• Eliluhlaza: 80–85 °C, 3 g ku-150 ml, ukuphisa kokuqala imizuzwana engama-40–60 engilazini yeglasi noma e-gaiwan, kuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Itiye eliluhlaza - kupakishwe ngokuvalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga, liphuzwe phakathi nonyaka. Elibomvu - endaweni eyomile emnyama ekamelweni lokushisa, kupakishwe ngokuqinile, kude nephunga.

10. Intengo kanye Nokukhwabanisa

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

• Ugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
  • Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo “城步峒茶” epaketheni.
  • Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela eChengbu County.
  • Bheka izinga letiye kulebula: ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa kuphuma kokubili elibomvu neliluhlaza.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• Isihlahla esiphakeme ngamamitha ayi-7.28 saseCaojiawan i-athikili yereferensi isibiza ngesihlahla setiye eside kunawo wonke eHunan.
• Igama “峒” egameni alisho “umhume”, kodwa liyunithi endala yokuphatha ezintabeni zamaMiao.

12. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye

• Taoyuan Daye Cha (桃源大叶茶): Elinye igama laseHunan elimele uhlobo lwendawo lwamahlamvu amakhulu; futhi alinasingaba.
• Rucheng Bai Mao Cha (汝城白毛茶): Itiye laseHunan elivela emthonjeni wendawo wamahlamvu amakhulu wasendle.
• Baojing Huang Jin Cha (保靖黄金茶): Itiye laseHunan eliqanjwe ngohlobo lwendawo - eliluhlaza; kusuka kulo hlobo olufanayo kwenziwa nelibomvu.

Ekuphetheni:

IChengbu Dongcha ayilona igama lesigaba, kodwa isitshalo esiphilayo sendawo esivela ezintabeni lapho kuhlangana khona iHunan neGuangxi. Umlando waso - izihlahla ezindala, ezatholakala ngeminyaka yawo-1970–1980, itiye elibomvu elichotshoziwe lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuwohloka nokubuya ngaphansi kophawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo ngo-2022. Imithombo iyavumelana ngesisekelo: izinto zokusetshenziswa zivezwa kahle kakhulu etiyeni elibomvu, kanti ekhaya kumaMiao namaDong lingena etiyeni elinamafutha.