Yídū tiānrán fùxīn chá

Yidu Tianran Fuxin Cha (Yídū tiānrán fùxīn chá, 宜都天然富锌茶) — “tiyi yachilengedwe yodzala ndi zinc” kuchokera ku Yidu: tiyi wobiriwira wa kumapiri a kumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Yidu (宜都市) m’boma la Yichang, m’chigawo cha Hubei. Dera lalikulu ndi Panjiawan-Tujia Township (潘家湾土家族乡). Dzinali limakhazikika pa chinthu chimodzi: malinga ndi atolankhani a m’chigawo, zinc m’nthaka ya m’mudziwu ndi yowirikiza kawiri kuposa avareji ya m’chigawo, ndipo mu tiyi ndi yowirikiza kawiri kuposa avareji ya ku China. Kuyambira 2007, dzinali likutetezedwa ngati chizindikiro chogwirizana chokhala ndi chizindikiritso cha malo.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá) — malinga ndi zolemba zofotokozera. M’kaundula wa zizindikiro katunduyo amangotchulidwa ngati “茶”.
Gulu: Tiyi wathanzi, wopangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1990; chizindikiro chogwirizana chokhala ndi chizindikiritso cha malo (2007). Dzina lina ndi “高锌茶”, “tiyi wazinc wambiri”.
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hubei (湖北, Húběi), boma la Yichang (宜昌, Yíchāng), mzinda wa Yidu (宜都, Yídū), mudzi wa Panjiawan; buku lina limatchula nawonso mudzi wa Wangjiafan (王家畈乡).
Dera lotetezedwa: Malire a malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito chizindikirocho sanapezeke m’magwero opezeka; kaundula amangosonyeza kuti mwiniwake ndi wa ku Yidu.
Malo a geographical coordinates: Pafupifupi 30° N ndi 111° E; malinga ndi zolemba za msonkhano wa nthumwi za m’boma (2022), 30th parallel imadutsa m’mudziwu.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- 1990–1993. Mabuku amatchula tiyiyu kuti ndi mtundu watsopano wathanzi, wopangidwa ndi akatswiri a ku Yidu motsogozedwa ndi profesa wa Zhejiang Agricultural University Zhang Tangheng (张堂恒). Makomiti a sayansi ndi ukadaulo a Yidu, Yichang ndi Hubei adavomereza kuti ndi chopangidwa chatsopano cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo. Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa bukhu, mu Novembala 1992 akatswiri khumi ndi mmodzi a tiyi ndi zakudya adaganiza kuti tiyi woterewu adapangidwa koyamba m’dzikolo.
- 1994. Udindo wa chopangidwa chatsopano cha mlingo wa dziko ndi projekiti yachitsanzo ya pulogalamu ya boma. Mu “Hubei ribao” idalembedwa ngati “星人计划” — mwachionekere cholakwika m’malo mwa “星火计划”, pulogalamu ya “Spark”.
- 1997. Udindo wa chizindikiro chodziwika cha m’dera la Hubei pa Chiwonetsero Chachitatu Chaulimi cha China; chitsanzo chinaperekedwa ku China Tea Museum. Zolemba zomwezo zimatchula “Golden Cup” ya Hubei ya kukhutitsidwa kwa ogula, golide wa mpikisano wa “Lu Yu” ndi khumi apamwamba a tiyi otchuka a Three Gorges area.
- 2007. Pa 14 September, dzinali lidalembetsedwa ngati chizindikiro chogwirizana chokhala ndi chizindikiritso cha malo. Mwiniwake ndi association ya tiyi wachilengedwe wa zinc wa mudzi wa Panjiawan (宜都市潘家湾土家族乡无公害天然富锌茶叶协会).
- 2013. Malinga ndi zolemba za 2015 zonena za zizindikiro za Yidu, mtengo wa chizindikiro mu 2013 unayesedwa kukhala 339 miliyoni yuan.
- 2023. Mu July, mudziwu unasonkhanitsa oimira mabizinesi a tiyi kuti akambirane kukhazikitsanso bungwe la tiyi la Panjiawan ndi kuteteza chizindikiro: malinga ndi oyang’anira mudzi, ma cooperative ali ndi zizindikiro zawo zambiri, chizindikiro chogwirizana “sichinasonkhanitsidwe m’nkhonya”.
Dzina: 宜都 — Yidu; 天然 — “chilengedwe”; 富锌 — “wodzala ndi zinc”; 茶 — tiyi.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Panjiawan ndi umodzi mwa midadi khumi ndi iwiri ya fuko la Hubei ndipo ndi yokhayo m’boma la Yichang. Msonkhano wa boma umatchula pakati pa miyambo ya m’deralo kupanga tiyi pamanja, “phwando la ana aakazi a dziko la tiyi” (茶乡女儿会) ndi mipikisano ya tiyi.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Sizinatchulidwe m’magwero opezeka.
Nthawi yokolola: Mwamwambo — zokolola zinayi pachaka: za masika, “zoyamba za chilimwe” (夏头茶), tiyi wa nyengo yotentha (伏茶) ndi za autumn, mpaka October. Mu 2023, mudziwu unasinthira ku zokolola zitatu: popanda za autumn, ndi “kutseka” minda kumayambiriro kwa September kuti mbewu zipume musanafike masika.
Mulingo wa kuthyola ndi zofunikira pa zopangira: Palibe deta m’magwero opezeka.

4. Terroir ndi Zinthu Zolima

Dera: Mapiri akumadzulo kwa Yidu; mudzi (147.5 km²) umalire ndi maboma a Wufeng ndi Changyang.
Malo: Karst — mapiri ndi mitsinje. Minda imamwazikana tizigawo tating’ono pakati pa nkhalango, kuwala kumwazikana; atolankhani amalemba za chilengedwe cha “nkhalango-ndi-tiyi”. Mudzi wa Lüjia’ao (吕家坳村) uli pakati pa miyala ya Ordovician.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Makamaka 500–800 m (“Hubei ribao”).
Nyengo: Subtropical monsoon, mvula yambiri; kutentha kwapachaka 16.3 °C, kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku kuli kwakukulu.
Nthaka: Malinga ndi agronomist wa boma — yosalala, makamaka acidic, yodzala ndi organic matter ndi minerals. Zinc, malinga ndi mabungwe “ovomerezeka” monga momwe atolankhani amanenera, ndi 98.3–119 ppm — yowirikiza kawiri kuposa avareji ya m’chigawo; buku limatchula “zinc belt” ya pafupifupi 70,000 mu.
Malo a minda: Buku limatchula 33,500 mu ya minda ya tiyi wachilengedwe wa zinc ku Yidu — m’midadi ya Panjiawan, Wangjiafan ndi ina. Tiyi wonse wa mudzi wa Panjiawan ndi 33,000 mu malinga ndi “Hubei ribao” (2023) ndi “kuposa 30,000” malinga ndi msonkhano wa boma (2022). Mu mudzi wa Lüjia’ao — kuchokera “kuposa 4000” mpaka 4650 mu.
Chisamaliro: M’minda yachitsanzo — kupalira pamanja m’malo mwa herbicides, misampha ya glue ndi nyale zoyendera dzuwa m’malo mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, organic matter m’malo mwa feteleza wa minerals.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga

Kufotokozera kwa kukonza sikunapezeke m’magwero opezeka. Buku limatchula mzere wa malonda: “zinc silver needles” (富锌银针), “zinc yunwu” (富锌云雾), “zinc wotsogola wobiriwira” (富锌优绿), tiyi wamaluwa wa zinc ndi tiyi ndi ginkgo; ukadaulo wa mtundu uliwonse sunafotokozedwe.

Chiwembu chonse cha tiyi wobiriwira, osati kufotokozera kwa tiyiyu:

Kufalitsa tsamba (摊放, tānfàng): Tsamba limatulutsa chinyezi china.
Kuthamangitsa (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumayimitsa oxidation.
Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Kuyanika (干燥, gānzào).

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Kufotokozera kokha komwe kwapezeka ndi kafotokozedwe kakang’ono ka malonda a Yidu.

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Tiyi wolimba, wokongola, wofanana ndi tsitsi lowoneka; wobiriwira wa emerald, wonyezimira ngati mafuta (条索紧秀匀整显毫，色泽翠绿油润).
Funko la tsamba louma: Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera.
Funko la infusion: Lolimba ndi lokhalitsa (香气浓郁持久); kafotokozedwe sikumveketsa ngati ndi la tsamba kapena la infusion.
Kukoma: Kwatsopano, kolimbikitsa, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (滋味鲜爽回甘).
Mtundu wa infusion: Wobiriwira wachibale, wowala.
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lothiridwa): Wobiriwira wachibale, wowala (汤色、叶底嫩绿明亮).

7. Zopangidwa za Chemical

Malinga ndi “Hubei ribao” (2023), mu tiyi wa Panjiawan muli 80 mg/kg ya zinc pamene avareji ya China ndi 40.6 mg/kg; buku limawonjezera avareji za Japan (34.6) ndi Sri Lanka (35). Portal ya boma pambuyo pake idatchula 60 mg/kg; tsambalo silinathe kuyang’anidwanso. Magwero satchula njira, zaka kapena zitsanzo — izi ndi ziwerengero zonenedwa. Palibe malire a zinc a tiyi pansi pa chizindikiro m’zolemba zopezeka, komanso palibe deta ina ya physicochemical.

8. Zopindulitsa Zaumoyo

Palibe deta yotsimikizika ya zotsatira za tiyiyu weniweni. Malemba otsatsa amatcha zinc “the spark of life”, koma awa ndi mawu onena za trace element, osati kafukufuku wa tiyiyu.

9. Kuthira

Njira ya kalasi ya tiyi wobiriwira.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Zotengera: Galasi lagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani chotengeracho.
2. Ikani tiyi, thirani madzi m’mbali mwa khoma.
3. Infusion yoyamba — 40–60 masekondi.
4. Mwani, kusiya gawo la infusion.
5. Onjezani madzi.
6. Thirani kawiri kapena katatu mobwereza.

10. Kusunga

Njira ya kalasi. Kutseka bwino, firiji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi funko; idyeni mkati mwa chaka chimodzi.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Palibe deta ya mitengo ya retail m’magwero opezeka.

Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
- Yang’anani dzina lolembedwa: malinga ndi mndandanda wa ofesi ya chigawo ya intellectual property (May 2020) ichi ndi chizindikiro chogwirizana № 4686327, class 30, mwiniwake ndi Panjiawan association, nthawi — kuyambira 14 September 2017 mpaka 13 September 2027.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wochokera kumadzulo kwa Yidu.
- Zinc siyingadziwike ndi kukoma — kokha protocol ya labotale.
- Msonkhano wa boma umakumbukira kuti kupitirira kwa zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi shuga wowonjezeredwa pa kukonza nthawi ina kunatsala pang’ono kuwononge msika wa tiyi wa m’deralo: kutsekemera “ndi chowonjezera” ndi chifukwa chokayikira.

12. Zinthu Zosangalatsa

Mudzi wa Lüjia’ao umatchulidwa kuti ndi dera lalikulu la tiyi wa zinc, komanso kwawo kwa Yidu Yihong wofiira.
Kaundula wa 2020 amatchula chizindikirocho kuti ndi chogwirizana, pamene “Hubei ribao” mu 2023 amati ndi certification; kaundula pano ndiye gwero loyambirira.
Uyu si tiyi wakale, koma chopangidwa chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1990.

13. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ina

Yidu Yihong Cha (宜都宜红茶): Tiyi wofiira wa m’boma lomwelo, wokhala ndi mudzi-ndi-dera logawana.
Hongshan Cha (洪山茶): Chizindikiro china cha tiyi cha Yidu, cha certification, chogwirizana ndi tawuni ya Songmuping.
Caihua Maojian (采花毛尖): Tiyi wobiriwira wa m’boma loyandikana la Wufeng.
Enshi Xicha (恩施硒茶): Dzinali la Hubei lomangidwa pa element ina ya nthaka — selenium.

Pomaliza:

Yidu Tianran Fuxin Cha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’mapiri wa Panjiawan ya mtundu wa Tujia, projekiti ya kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1990 pansi pa chizindikiro chogwirizana kuyambira 2007. Kusiyana kwake kumakhazikika pa nambala imodzi — zinc, yomwe pakadali pano ikunenedwa popanda njira yotsimikizira. Zodalirika kwambiri za iye ndi kaundula, minda ya nkhalango pa 500–800 m ndi kufotokozera kwaufupi: tsamba la emerald lalitali ndi kukoma kwatsopano ndi kubwerera kotsekemera.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

湖北省知识产权局地理标志证明/集体商标名录 №4686327

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero