Zhōngxiáng mǐchá

Zhongxiang Micha (Zhōngxiáng mǐchá, 钟祥米茶) ndi “tii ya mpunga” ya ku Zhongxiang: mpunga wokazinga mpaka kuwuma mu mphika wachitsulo ndiye kuwiritsa m’madzi, chakudya ndi chakumwa cha m’chilimwe kuchokera mu tawuni ya Zhongxiang (钟祥市) m’chigawo cha Hubei. Masamba a tii kulibe m’mabuku onse omwe tawapeza, choncho malinga ndi gulu lake si tii, koma chakumwa cha chimanga. Mwambi wa kumaloko umafotokoza dzina lake motere: “ukadya, umakhuta; ukamwa, umathetsa ludzu” (食之果腹，饮之解渴). Kuyambira 2018, dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical certification trademark, ndipo kuyambira 2021 palinso gulu la standard lake.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

• Mtundu: Chakumwa cha chimanga ndi chakudya cha mpunga wokazinga; masamba a Camellia sinensis kulibe, choncho mulibe gulu la tii.
• M’gulu: Geographical certification trademark (2018); zakudya za kumaloko.
• Gulu la standard: Gulu la standard la chizindikiro limayikidwa m’gulu la zakumwa, ndipo pa classifier yapadziko lonse limayikidwa m’gawo la “tii, khofi, koko”. Ili ndi gawo lokha, osati umboni wa masamba a tii.
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hubei (湖北, Húběi), mzinda wa Jingmen (荆门, Jīngmén), tawuni ya Zhongxiang (钟祥, Zhōngxiáng).
• Malo a chizindikiro: Malire enieni sakudziwika m’mabuku omwe tawapeza; mwini chizindikiro ndi bungwe la zakudya za m’deralo la Zhongxiang (钟祥市特产协会).
• Mayina ena: “Tii ya mpunga wokazinga” (炒米茶, chǎomǐchá) ndi 沏米茶 (qīmǐchá) malinga ndi Baidu Baike.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

• Mbiri:
  • Nthano ya nyumba ya Ming. Zolemba za dipatimenti ya propaganda ya komiti ya Zhongxiang pa tsamba la Xinhua (lotsatira Xinhua) ndi bungwe la chigawo cha intellectual property zimasimba nthano iyi: mkazi wa mfumu ya Xing, Zhu Youyuan (朱祐杬), yemwe anali ndi udindo ku Anlu, lomwe lero ndi Zhongxiang, panthawi yapakati sanathe kudya zakudya zapamwamba; wophika anabweretsa tii ya mpunga yomwe ankaphika kunyumba, ndipo iye anayamba kukhala ndi chilakolako, ndipo chakudyacho “chokhala pakati pa anthu chinalowa m’nyumba yachifumu”. Mwana wake anakhala Emperor Jiajing; malinga ndi Xinhua, atasamukira ku Forbidden City, iyenso m’chilimwe ankalamula kuti tii ya mpunga iphikidwe. Iyi ndi nthano, osati chikalata.
  • Nthano ina. Wophika poyamba ankaphika msuzi wa ziphuphu za mpunga (锅巴), ndipo kenako anayamba kukazinga mpunga mwachindunji (gwero lodziwika).
  • 1531. Malinga ndi tsamba lofufuzira, chaka ichi chigawocho chinapatsidwa dzina la Zhongxiang; tsikuli silikugwirizana ndi tii ya mpunga.
  • Zopangira zakale. Malinga ndi Xinhua, poyamba tii ya mpunga inkapangidwa kuchokera ku barele wopondedwa (麦米), ndipo pamene anthu anayamba kukhala olemera anasinthira ku mpunga.
  • 2018. Chizindikiro “钟祥米茶” (nambala yolembetsa 26327613) chinalengezedwa kuti chinalembetsedwa pa 20 December 2018.
  • 2020–2022. Mabizinesi awiri anapatsidwa ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito chizindikirocho: amodzi kwa 2020–2023, wina kwa 2022–2028. Ngati woyambayo anawonjezeredwa, sizinatchulidwe m’mabuku omwe tawapeza.
  • 2021. Gulu la standard T/ZXTC 001-2021 “地理标志证明商标 钟祥米茶” linatulutsidwa (lofalitsidwa pa 18 April, likugwira ntchito kuyambira 25 April).
  • 2020–2023. “Hubei Daily” ikulemba kuti tii ya mpunga kwa nthawi yayitali sinatuluke kunja kwa chigwa cha Jianghan chifukwa cha zovuta zoyendetsa ndi kusinthasintha kochepa kwa mankhwala. Mu 2020, kampani ya kumaloko inatulutsa “mkate wokometsedwa ndi tii ya mpunga” m’zaka ziwiri ndi theka anagulitsa matani oposa 3000; onse pamodzi anapanga mankhwala oposa khumi atsopano ndi ndalama pafupifupi 100 miliyoni yuan pachaka.
• Dzina: 米 (mǐ) ndi “mpunga”, 茶 (chá) ndi “tii”. Xinhua ikulemba momveka kuti tanthauzo lake lenileni ndi “tii yopangidwa kuchokera ku mpunga”.
• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Zhongxiang ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha anthu okhala ndi moyo wautali, ndipo tii ya mpunga ili m’gulu la “zinthu zinayi za Zhongxiang” (钟祥四宝). Nyimbo ya kumaloko, yomwe imatchulidwa ndi bungwe la China News Service, imayiyika pamwamba pa timadzi tokoma: “爽口米茶胜琼浆”. Malinga ndi Xinhua, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa mphukira, tii ya mpunga imakazingidwa “m’nyumba iliyonse”.

3. Kufotokozera Kwachomera ndi Zopangira

• Chomera: Mpunga (Oryza sativa); m’mbuyomu barele. Chomera cha tii kulibe.
• Mbewu: Hubei University of Economics imalimbikitsa mpunga waukulu, wathunthu, ndi wofanana wa indica (籼米), ndipo ngati n’kotheka wosapukutidwa (糙米), kapena chimanga cha barele. Xinhua imafuna mbewu zazikulu ndi zathunthu. Baidu Baike imati wabwino kwambiri ndi mpunga wotsika mtengo wosapukutidwa wotchedwa 牙黄米.
• Mtundu malinga ndi standard: Mulibe m’mabuku omwe tawapeza.
• Malo opangira zinthu: Malinga ndi bungwe la intellectual property, m’modzi mwa ogwiritsa ntchito chizindikirocho ali ndi mahekitala 2000 (ma mu) a minda ya mpunga ya tii ya mpunga.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

• Dera: Pakati pa Hubei, mtsinje wa Hanjiang umadutsa chigawo chonsecho; nyengo imakhala ndi nyengo zinayi zomveka bwino ndi mvula yolangika (China News Service, 2024).
• Mpunga: Xinhua imatcha Zhongxiang “malo a nsomba ndi mpunga”, kumene mpunga ndi tirigu zimamera; China News Service imalemba kuti Zhongxiang ndi yolemera ndi mpunga.
• Mapiri, dothi, malo otsetsereka: Kwa chakudya cha chimanga, sizinafotokozedwe m’mabuku omwe tawapeza.

5. Njira Yopangira

Malinga ndi Xinhua, Hubei University of Economics, ndi kufotokozera kwa bungwe la chigawo cha intellectual property:

1. Kukazinga (炒): Ntchito yayikulu. Mphika umatenthedwa pamoto wochepa mpaka pafupifupi magawo asanu ndi atatu mwa magawo khumi a kutentha kwathunthu, kenako mpunga wosatsukidwa umayikidwa popanda zowonjezera zilizonse ndipo umagwedezeka mosalekeza ndi chopukutira, kuyang’anira moto ndi kutentha kofanana. Kawirikawiri mphindi 15-20, mpaka mbewu itakhala yachikasu chowala, yagolide, kapena yachikasu-bulauni ndipo imanunkhira.
2. Kuzimitsa (njira ya yunivesite): Moto umazimitsidwa ndipo madzi ozizira amathiridwa pang’onopang’ono; mpunga wovundikirawo umamwa madziwo mwachangu, ndipo phokoso limatha pamene likuzizira. Kenako mpunga umachotsedwa ndi kutsukidwa.
3. Kuwiritsa m’njira yotentha (煮): Mpunga wotsukidwa umathiridwa madzi ozizira, kuwiritsidwa, kuzimitsa moto, ndi kusungidwa pansi pa chivindikiro kwa mphindi 10-15.
4. Kuwiritsa m’njira yozizira: Mpunga wotsukidwa umaponyedwa m’madzi otentha kwambiri ndikuwiritsidwa pamoto wamphamvu, mpaka mbewu “zitseguke” (开花), kenako zimathiridwa mu beseni ndi kuziziritsa.

Yunivesite imapereka chiŵerengero cha mpunga ndi madzi pafupifupi 1:1 ngati tii ya mpunga ikudyedwa ngati phala, ndipo pafupifupi 1:3 ngati ikumwidwa, ndikuwiritsidwa kwa mphindi 15-20. Kukhuthala kwake aliyense amasankha yekha malinga ndi kukonda kwake. Zofuna za standard T/ZXTC 001-2021 sizinawerengedwe.

6. Makhalidwe a Kununkhira ndi Kukoma

Malinga ndi Xinhua ndi kufotokozera kwa bungwe la intellectual property:

• Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Masamba kulibe; mbewu yokazinga imakhala yachikasu chowala, yagolide, kapena yachikasu-bulauni (色泽金黄).
• Fungo la masamba owuma: Mpunga wokazinga womalizidwa umakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu la kukazinga (浓香扑鼻), malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa yunivesite.
• Fungo la madzi: Lodzaza (香气浓郁).
• Kukoma: Kotsekemera pang’ono, koma osati kosalala, kowawa pang’ono, koma osati kowawa kwenikweni (微甜不淡，略涩不苦). Tii ya mpunga yosungidwa usiku wonse imakumbutsa msuzi wa maula (酸梅汤): “wosasa koma osati wosasa, wotsekemera koma osati wotsekemera”.
• Mtundu wa madzi: Wachikasu chowala (水色淡黄).
• Masamba otsala pansi pa kapu: Masamba a tii kulibe: mpunga wophikidwa umadyedwa pamodzi ndi madziwo.

7. Zomwe Zili M’kati mwa Mankhwala

Palibe deta yokhudza zomwe zili mu mankhwala enieniwa m’mabuku omwe tawapeza. Nkhani ya Xinhua imapereka zakudya za mpunga wamba wophikidwa, osati tii ya mpunga.

8. Ubwino wa Thupi

Palibe umboni wotsimikizika wokhudza zotsatira za mankhwala enieniwa. Mapepala a kumaloko amalemba za kuchepetsa shuga ndi mafuta m’magazi; umboni wotsimikizika mulibe m’mabuku omwe tawapeza, ndipo mawu amenewa sabwerezedwa pano.

9. Kuphika

Mchitidwe wa kalasi pano si kutsuka masamba, koma kuwiritsa. Mpunga wokazinga umatsukidwa ndikuwiritsidwa m’njira imodzi mwa ziwiri za gawo 5: yotentha (kuwiritsa ndikusunga mphindi 10-15 pansi pa chivindikiro) kapena yozizira (kuwiritsa mpaka mbewu zitseguke ndi kuziziritsa). Malinga ndi Xinhua, tii ya mpunga imadyedwa yotentha, yozizira, kapena yosungidwa usiku wonse, imasungunulidwa ndi madzi ozizira owiritsa kapena imadyedwa ngati mpunga pa chakudya chamasana (米茶饭); China News Service imalemba kuti m’chilimwe nthawi zambiri imadyedwa itaziziritsidwa.

10. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa kalasi wa mbewu yokazinga: pamalo owuma, mu chidebe chotsekedwa bwino, kutali ndi fungo. Tii ya mpunga yophikidwa, malinga ndi Xinhua, imasungidwa mpaka tsiku lotsatira mu mbiya yadothi. Nthawi yosungira mulibe m’mabuku omwe tawapeza.

11. Mtengo ndi Zonama

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’mabuku omwe tawapeza.

• Momwe mungapewere zonama:
  • Fufuzani chizindikiro cha certification “钟祥米茶” (No. 26327613) kwa bizinesi yomwe ili ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito.
  • Kumbukirani kuti si tii: ngati m’paketi yolembedwa “米茶” muli masamba a tii, ndi mankhwala ena.
  • Maonekedwe monga momwe afotokozedwera: mbewu yagolide kapena yachikasu-bulauni, madzi achikasu chowala.

12. Mfundo Zosangalatsa

• Gulu la standard la chakumwa cha chimanga limayikidwa m’gawo la “tii, khofi, koko”, ngakhale tii mulibe.
• Tii ya mpunga imachokera ku nthano ya amayi a Emperor Jiajing, omwe bambo ake anali ndi udindo m’malo amenewa.
• Koposa, malinga ndi mawu a kumaloko, tii ya mpunga imakoma kwambiri pa nthawi yotentha kwambiri: “pamene kukutentha kwambiri, ndipamene imakoma kwambiri kudya.”

13. Kuyerekeza ndi zakumwa za chimanga ndi tii

• Tii ya barele (大麦茶): Madzi a barele wokazinga; tii ya mpunga inali kupangidwa kuchokera ku barele, koma imawiritsidwa ndikudyedwa pamodzi ndi mbewu.
• Tii ya buckwheat (苦荞茶): Inenso ndi chakumwa cha chimanga chopanda masamba a tii; imatsukidwa ndi masamba, osati kuwiritsidwa.
• Genmaicha (玄米茶): Tii yobiriwira ya ku Japan yokhala ndi mpunga wokazinga, imakhala ndi masamba a tii, mosiyana ndi tii ya mpunga ya Zhongxiang.
• Zhongxiang Yunwu Cha (钟祥云雾茶): Tii yobiriwira yeniyeni ya tawuni yomweyo ya Zhongxiang.

Pomaliza:

Zhongxiang Micha ndi mpunga wokazinga mpaka kuwuma ndi kuwiritsidwa, womwe ku Zhongxiang umadyedwa ndi kumwidwa wotentha, wozizira, kapena wosungidwa usiku wonse. Ili ndi chizindikiro cha 2018, gulu la standard la 2021, ndi nthano ya nyumba yachifumu, koma masamba a tii kulibe: ndi chakumwa cha chimanga chokhala ndi dzina la tii.

Magwero

Miyezo

• T/ZXTC 001-2021

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero