Fú'ān lǜchá · thetea.app

Fu’an Lücha (Fú’ān lǜchá, 福安绿茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa mzinda wa Fu’an (福安市) m’boma la Ningde kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo cha Fujian, kumalire ndi Zhejiang. Fu’an amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha tiyi wofiira wa Tanyang Gongfu ndipo ali ndi maudindo akuti “likulu la tiyi wofiira ku China” ndi “kwawo kwa tiyi ku China”; tiyi wobiriwira analandira chizindikiro chake chotsimikizira mu October 2021, pafupifupi nthawi imodzi ndi tiyi woyera. Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa chizindikirocho, uwu ndi tiyi wa masamba akuluakulu ofanana okhala ndi tsitsi lochuluka, ndi fungo lofewa lokhalitsa, madzi achikasu wobiriwira owonekera bwino komanso kukoma kwatsopano kofewa ndi kukoma kwotsalira kokoma.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá). Gulu lawatchulidwa mu dzina komanso mu kaundula: katundu wa chizindikiro walembedwa ngati “绿茶”.
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wa Fujian wokhala ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizira cha geographical (2021).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), boma la Ningde (宁德, Níngdé), mzinda wa Fu’an (福安市, Fú’ān shì).
Dera: Malinga ndi tsamba la zolemba za geographical indications, dera lino ndi gawo lomwe liri pano laulamuliro la Fu’an (福安市现辖行政区域). Mndandanda wa zigawo wa zizindikiro umatchula Fu’an kukhala gawo la mwiniwake; sindinawone malire alamulo a dera.
Njira yotetezera: Chizindikiro chotsimikizira cha geographical cha State Intellectual Property Office of China (CNIPA) No. 35073373, katundu ndi tiyi wobiriwira. Malinga ndi mndandanda wa zigawo wa 30 June 2026, chizindikirocho chinalembetsedwa pa 21 October 2021, mwiniwake ndi Fu’an Tea Industry Association (福安市茶业协会), ndipo chikalembetsedwacho chikugwira ntchito.
Ma coordinates a geographical: Sanaperekedwe m’malemba omwe tapeza.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Kale kwambiri. “Mindong Daily” (2023) ikulemba kuti mbiri ya tiyi ya Fu’an “imachokera ku Sui ndi Tang” (远溯隋唐). Malinga ndi “Fujian Daily” (2018), ku tawuni ya Shekou (社口镇) tiyi wakhala akulimidwa kuyambira pakati pa nthawi ya Tang. Palibe zomwe malemba awa amanena za mtundu wa tiyi womwe unkapangidwa panthawiyo.
- 1851. Malinga ndi “Mindong Daily”, m’mudzi wa Tanyang anapanga tiyi wofiira “坦洋工夫”, ndipo mu 1915 iye analandira mendulo yagolide pa Panama International Exposition. Kuchokera pa tiyi uyu kunayamba kutchuka kwa Fu’an monga dera la tiyi wofiira.
- Kuyambira 1970s. Nyuzipepala yomweyo ikuti mu 1972 ku tawuni ya Gantang (甘棠镇) anayamba kulima mbande za mitundu 福安大白茶 ndi 福云6号. Patapita nthawi, Fu’an anakhala imodzi mwa zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi m’dziko zoberekera mitundu ya tiyi; m’zaka zapamwamba, malinga ndi nyuzipepala, pafupifupi 60 peresenti ya mbande zomwe zimagulitsidwa m’dziko zinkachokera kumeneko. Apa ndi pamene pamachokera mwambi woti “天下茶苗出福安” — “mbande za dziko lonse zimachokera ku Fu’an”.
- 2018. Malinga ndi “Fujian Daily” (2021), mu November Fu’an Tea Industry Association inapereka pempho la chizindikiro cha “福安白茶”.
- 2021. Chizindikiro cha “福安白茶” (No. 35073374) chinalembetsedwa pa 7 October, chizindikiro cha “福安绿茶” (No. 35073373) pa 21 October; mwiniwake onse ndi amodzi. “Fujian Daily” imatchula tiyi woyera kukhala chizindikiro cha khumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi (16) cha geographical cha mzindawo. Nthawi yomwe pempho la tiyi wobiriwira linaperekedwa silinatchulidwe m’malemba omwe tapeza; manambala a zizindikiro ziwirizi amatsatana.
Dzina: “Fu’an” (福安) ndi dzina la mzinda: 福 — “chimwemwe”, 安 — “mtendere”. “Lücha” (绿茶) — “tiyi wobiriwira”.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Malinga ndi “Mindong Daily” (2023), Fu’an ali ndi maudindo “中国红茶之都” (likulu la tiyi wofiira ku China) ndi “中国茶叶之乡” (kwawo kwa tiyi ku China). Ku Shekou, malinga ndi “Fujian Daily” (2018), kumagwira ntchito bungwe loyamba la sayansi ya tiyi m’chigawocho, lomwe tsopano ndi Tea Institute ya Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, yokhala ndi mitundu 450 ya mitengo ya tiyi. Zakale za tiyi wobiriwira ku Fu’an sizikutchulidwa m’malemba omwe tapeza.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Chizindikirocho, malinga ndi zomwe tapeza, sichitchula mitundu. Mtundu waukulu wakumaloko ndi 福安大白茶 (Fú’ān dàbáichá), kuyambira 1985 ndi mtundu wapadera wa dziko (nambala GS13003-1985, malinga ndi Wikipedia).
- Kwawo. Magwero amasiyana. Wikipedia ya Chitchaina imatchula mudzi wa Shanggaoshan mu tawuni ya Muyang (穆阳乡上高山村); encyclopedia ya Agricultural Publishing House “智汇三农” imatchula mudzi wa Gaoling wa commune ya Kangcuo (康厝公社高岭村); dzina lachiwiri la mtunduwu amalilemba kuti “高领大白茶”.
- Chiyambi. Mabuku onsewa amapereka matanthauzo awiri: kusankha kuchokera ku tiyi wa kuthengo kapena kubweretsa kuchokera ku dera la Songxi, Zhenghe ndi Jianyang, kumene ankatchedwa “皇帝茶” (“tiyi wa mfumu”). Dzina 福安大白茶 mtunduwu unalandira mu 1973.
- Maonekedwe. Mtengo wapakati pa mtengo ndi chitsamba, tsamba lobiriwira lakuda ndi lonyezimira ngati mafuta. Encyclopedia imayika mtunduwu m’gulu la masamba apakati; Wikipedia m’nkhani yomweyo imautcha wamkulu komanso wapakati. Mtunduwu ndi woyamba, masamba ndi ofewa, tsitsi ndi lochuluka kwambiri.
- Kwa tiyi otani. Malinga ndi encyclopedia, kuchokera mwa iwo amatuluka Baihao Yinzhen ndi tiyi wofiira wa gongfu wabwino kwambiri, ndipo tiyi wobiriwira wowumitsa ndi mpweya wotentha (烘绿) “nalinso wabwino”.
Zopangira: Kufotokoza kwa chizindikiro kumatchula masamba akuluakulu ofewa okhala ndi tsitsi lochuluka; sizikunenedwa kuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe imapereka masambawa komanso mwagulu lanji amatola masamba.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Malinga ndi “Mindong Daily” (2023), Fu’an kumpoto amalire ndi kumwera kwa Zhejiang, kum’mawa amafikira panyanja; nyengo ndi yofewa komanso yachinyezi. Dera la phiri la Baiyunshan (白云山) mkati mwa mzinda, malinga ndi nyuzipepala, pafupifupi chaka chonse liri m’thunzi ndi mitambo.
Kukula kwake: Malinga ndi nyuzipepala yomweyo, minda ya tiyi ya Fu’an ndi mahekitala 300,000 mu; mu 2022 panapangidwa matani 28,100 a tiyi wosaphika mtengo wa 2.12 biliyoni yuan. Izi ndi tiyi wonse wa mzindawo; gawo la tiyi wobiriwira silinatchulidwe.
Kutalika ndi dothi: Palibe zomwe tapeza m’malemba.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Ukadaulo wa “福安绿茶” sunafotokozedwe m’malemba omwe tapeza. Njira yowumitsira, kaya ndi mpweya wotentha kapena m’potengero, sikunatchulidwe.

Pansipa pali ndondomeko yodziwika bwino ya tiyi wobiriwira, osati kufotokoza kwa tiyi weniweniyu:

Kugawa masamba atsopano (摊放, tānfàng): Masamba amayalidwa mosanjikiza kuti ataye madzi ena.
Kufikitsa kutentha (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumayimitsa oxidation ndipo kumateteza mtundu wobiriwira.
Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn) kapena kupanga mawonekedwe ena.
Kuwumitsa (干燥, gānzào): Ndi mpweya wotentha (烘青, hōngqīng) kapena m’potengero (炒青, chǎoqīng).

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva ndi Kuwona

Kufotokoza pansipa kunaperekedwa ndi tsamba la zolemba za geographical indications la tiyi wachizindikirocho.

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Masamba ndi akuluakulu, ofewa, ofanana, obiriwira ofewa ndi onyezimira, okhala ndi tsitsi lochuluka lowonekera (芽头肥壮、匀齐、嫩绿润、茸毛多显).
Fungo la tsamba louma: Sipanafotokozedwe m’malemba omwe tapeza.
Fungo la madzi: “Fungo la tsamba lofewa” — lolemera komanso lokhalitsa (嫩香馥郁悠长).
Kukoma: Kwatsopano, kofewa ndi kolimbikitsa, ndi kukoma kwotsalira kokoma (鲜醇爽、回甘).
Mtundu wa madzi: Wachikasu wobiriwira wofewa, wowonekera bwino komanso wowala (嫩黄绿、清澈鲜亮).
Masamba otayidwa (pambuyo kumwa): Ofewa achikasu, ofanana, owala komanso amoyo (叶底嫩黄匀亮鲜活).

7. Zomwe Zili M’thupi

Zizindikiro za physicochemical za tiyi wokonzeka sizinapezeke m’malemba omwe tapeza. Kwa mtundu 福安大白茶, encyclopedia imapereka zomwe zili m’masamba atsopano (tsamba limodzi ndi masamba awiri): ma polyphenols — 27.16%, caffeine — 4.56%. Izi ndi za masamba atsopano a mtundu, osati za tiyi wachizindikirocho: sikudziwika kuti ndi mtundu wanji womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu “福安绿茶”.

8. Kusakaniza

Njira yodziwika bwino ya gulu la tiyi wobiriwira wofewa kuchokera m’masamba.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Zida: Kapu yagalasi, momwe mungawonere masamba a tsitsi, kapena gaiwan yoyera.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsani zida.
2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mphepete mwa chidebe.
3. Kuthira koyamba pakadutsa masekondi 40–60.
4. Imwani, kusiya madzi ena.
5. Onjezerani madzi.
6. Kutulutsa kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira yodziwika bwino. M’matumba otsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zachinyengo

Palibe zomwe tapeza pamitengo m’malemba.

Momwe mungapewere zachinyengo:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro chotsimikizira “福安绿茶” No. 35073373; ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito umayendetsedwa ndi Fu’an Tea Industry Association.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wochokera ku Fu’an.
- Musasokoneze ndi zizindikiro zoyandikana za mwiniwake yemweyo: “福安白茶” ndi tiyi woyera, “坦洋工夫” ndi tiyi wofiira.
- Maonekedwe: masamba akuluakulu a tsitsi, madzi achikasu wobiriwira owonekera bwino, masamba otayidwa ofewa achikasu ofanana.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Zizindikiro za tiyi wobiriwira ndi woyera za Fu’an zimatsatana: No. 35073373 ndi No. 35073374, ndipo zinalembedwa patatha milungu iwiri.
Fu’an ndi imodzi mwamalo akuluakulu ku China oberekera mbande za tiyi; nyuzipepala imatchula mitundu yopitilira 50 ya mitengo ya tiyi m’minda ya mbande ya tawuni ya Gantang.
Mtundu wakumaloko 福安大白茶, malinga ndi imodzi mwa matanthauzo, unabwera kuchokera kumpoto kwa Fujian, kumene ankatchedwa “tiyi wa mfumu”.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena a Fu’an ndi Fujian

Tanyang Gongfu (坦洋工夫): Tiyi wofiira waukulu wa Fu’an, wochokera m’mudzi wa Tanyang, wachizindikiro cha mwiniwake yemweyo.
Fu’an (福安): Nkhani yam’gulu la tiyi woyera wa Fu’an ndi Jian’ou, za gulu lina la dera lomwelo.
Songxi Lücha (松溪绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa kumpoto kwa Fujian, chizindikiro cha 2009; mawonekedwe anayi a masamba pansi pa dzina limodzi.
Wuping Lücha (武平绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa kumadzulo kwa Fujian.
Youxi Lücha (尤溪绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa pakati pa Fujian, boma la Sanming.

Pomaliza:

Fu’an Lücha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa dera lomwe limadziwika chifukwa cha Tanyang Gongfu wofiira komanso minda ya mbande, yomwe m’zaka zapamwamba inkapereka kuposa theka la mbande za tiyi m’dziko. Zolemba za iye ndi zochepa: chizindikiro cha 2021, mwiniwake ndi mpingo wa tiyi wa mzinda, dera lake ndi Fu’an yonse, ndi kufotokoza kochepa kwa maonekedwe. Malinga ndi izi, uwu ndi tiyi wa masamba akuluakulu a tsitsi ndi fungo lofewa lokhalitsa, madzi owonekera achikasu wobiriwira komanso kukoma kofewa ndi kubwerera kokoma.

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