Wǔpíng lǜchá · thetea.app

Wuping Lücha (Wǔpíng lǜchá, 武平绿茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’boma la Wuping (武平县) m’chigawo cha Longyan kumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Fujian, pa mphambano ndi Jiangxi ndi Guangdong. Fujian ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha tiyi wa oolong, woyera ndi wofiira, koma Wuping ndi chosiyana: malinga ndi malipoti a atolankhani, ili ndi boma lalikulu kwambiri m’chigawo cha Fujian pa tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga (炒青) pa dera komanso kuchuluka kopanga. Pansi pa chizindikiro chimodzi, boma limapanga mitundu ingapo, yotchulidwa pambuyo pa phiri la Liangyeshan: zopota zowongoka, tsamba lathyathyathya, kuzungulira, ndipo malinga ndi malipoti a atolankhani a 2019, ngakhale “ngale”. Chizindikiro cha “武平绿茶” chinalembetsedwa mu 2009 ndipo chinakhala dzina loyamba la dera la boma.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wokazinga (炒青, chǎoqīng).
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wa kumadzulo kwa Fujian; chizindikiro cha geographic certification (2009); mndandanda wa dziko lonse wa “名特优新” (nambala CAQS-MTYX-20240744).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), chigawo cha Longyan (龙岩, Lóngyán), boma la Wuping (武平县, Wǔpíng Xiàn).
Dera: Mndandanda wa zizindikiro wa chigawo umatchula Wuping ngati malo osungira chizindikiro; malire enieni a dera sakupezeka m’mabuku omwe tawapeza.
Ma coordinates a geographic: Boma la Wuping ndi pafupifupi 25.1° N ndi 116.1° E.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Song – Ming. Malinga ndi mbiri ya boma (武平县志) monga momwe atolankhani amafotokozera, kale mu nthawi ya Song, ku Wuping anthu ankasonkha tiyi wakuthengo, monga mankhwala komanso chakumwa. Kuyambira nthawi ya Yongle mu Ming mpaka nthawi ya Kangxi mu Qing, tiyi ankabzalidwa pafupi ndi nyumba ndi m’malire a minda, ndipo kulima, kukonza ndi kumwa tiyi kunakhala chizolowezi. Kope la Ming la mbiri ya boma limatchula tiyi wabwino kwambiri wa boma kukhala tiyi wa phiri la Yuntishan (云梯山) ndi wa Yanqian (岩前).
- Qing – msonkho. Malinga ndi mbiri ya boma yofotokozedwa ndi atolankhani a chigawo, mu nthawi ya Daoguang (1821–1850), tiyi wobiriwira wa Wuping unali wotchuka chifukwa cha “kununkhira kwakukulu, kukoma kokhazikika ndi kotsekemera kwatsopano” (香高味浓甘爽) m’madera a Hakka a Chaozhou, Meizhou ndi Tingzhou ndipo nthawi ina unali msonkho kwa nyumba yachifumu.
- 1983 ndi pambuyo pake. Kuyambira 1983, tiyi walandira mphotho zambiri za chigawo ndi kupitirira; mu 1991 adatchulidwa m’gulu la tiyi asanu ndi atatu otchuka a Fujian, ndipo mu 2007, m’gulu la khumi ndi anayi.
- 2005. Boma linayamba kupanga tiyi pansi pa dzina limodzi “武平绿茶”.
- 2009. Pa 13 July, “武平绿茶” adalembetsedwa ngati chizindikiro cha geographic certification (No. 6524922, ndipo mu kaundula muli “Wuping Green Tea” m’Chingerezi). Mwini chizindikiro ndi bungwe la tiyi la boma la Wuping. Ili ndi dzina loyamba la dera la boma.
- 2010 ndi pambuyo pake. Chizindikiro chinadziwika ngati chodziwika bwino m’chigawo, kenako ngati chizindikiro “chodziwika bwino” cha dziko lonse ku China.
- 2024. Tiyi adalembetsedwa m’mndandanda wa dziko lonse wa “名特优新” ndi mawu akuti “kununkhira kwakukulu ndi kothwa, kukoma kwatsopano” (香气高锐，滋味鲜爽).
Dzina:
- “Wuping” (武平) ndi dzina la boma.
- “Lücha” (绿茶, lǜchá) amatanthauza “tiyi wobiriwira”.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Wuping ndi malo obiriwira pa mapu a tiyi a Fujian, komwe ulamuliro ndi tiyi wa oolong, woyera ndi wofiira. Boma limamanga chuma chake chaulimi pa tiyi wobiriwira ndipo limatchula mndandanda wake pambuyo pa phiri lalikulu, Liangyeshan.

3. Kufotokozera kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Wuping Lücha sinatchulidwe m’mabuku omwe tawapeza. Malinga ndi mbiri yofotokozedwa ndi atolankhani, mitundu yakumaloko idachokera ku tiyi wakuthengo; malinga ndi malipoti, m’boma muli mitengo yakuthengo ya tiyi, ndipo m’madera ena mwambo wopanga tiyi kuchokera ku masamba ake ukadalipo. Nkhani ya anthu a m’deralo (2023) imatchula mitundu yotsatira m’boma: Meizhan (梅占), Fuyun 6 (福云6号), Fuding Dahao (福鼎大毫), Wuniu Zao (乌牛早) ndi Jinguanyin (金观音), osatchula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tiyi wobiriwira.
Kusonkha: Malinga ndi atolankhani a chigawo (2019), tiyi nthawi zambiri amasonkha m’chaka cha spring ndi autumn. Mwambi wamba, womwe nkhani imeneyo imatchula, umayamikira kwambiri tiyi wosonkhedwa pamaso pa chikondwerero cha Qingming (清明): “明前茶，贵如金” — “tiyi wa pamaso pa Qingming ndi wokwera mtengo ngati golidi”.
Muyezo wa kusonkha: Palibe zomwe tawapeza; palibenso muyezo wa chikalata cha chizindikiro.
Zofunika pa zopangira: Chiyambi kuchokera ku boma la Wuping.

4. Terroir ndi Zochitika za Kulima

Dera: Wuping ili pa mphambano ya Fujian, Guangdong ndi Jiangxi. Phiri lalikulu ndi Liangyeshan (梁野山); pamenepo pakhazikitsidwa malo osungira zachilengedwe a dziko. Malinga ndi zomwe tawapeza, boma lili kumapeto kwakumwera kwa mapiri a Wuyi, ndipo kutalika kwa Liangyeshan ndi pafupifupi 1538 m.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Palibe zomwe tawapeza pa kutalika kwa minda ya tiyi.
Nthaka: Malinga ndi bungwe la tiyi la boma monga momwe atolankhani a chigawo ananenera (2019), nthaka ndi yachonde komanso yozama; mtundu wa nthaka sunatchulidwe.
Nyengo: Nyengo ya subtropical monsoon ya kumadzulo kwa Fujian. Nkhani yomweyo imatchula kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutalika m’boma ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhalango.
Zochitika: Malinga ndi malipoti (2014), boma ndi dera lalikulu kwambiri ku Fujian la tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga pa dera ndi kuchuluka kopanga; nyuzipepala ya chigawo mu 2019 imanena mosamala kuti “limodzi mwa lalikulu kwambiri”.

5. Tekinoloje ya Kupanga

Wuping Lücha ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa kukazinga. Kufotokozera kwa sitepe ndi sitepe sikukupezeka; atolankhani a chigawo (2019) amatchula pa fakitale ina m’boma mzere wa makina wokhala ndi kukazinga kosalekeza. Dongosolo lalikulu la tiyi wobiriwira ndi ili: kukazinga (杀青, shāqīng), kupota (揉捻, róuniǎn), kupanga mawonekedwe ndi kuumitsa (干燥, gānzào); ili ndi dongosolo la kalasi, osati kufotokozera kwa tiyi uwu. Mitundu imasiyana pa kupanga mawonekedwe:

Liangye Chaolü (梁野炒绿, liángyě chǎolǜ) — zopota zowongoka (条形).
Liangye Cuiya (梁野翠芽, liángyě cuìyá) — tsamba lathyathyathya (扁形).
Liangye Xueluo (梁野雪螺, liángyě xuěluó) — kuzungulira (螺形).
Liangye Cuizhu (梁野翠珠, liángyě cuìzhū) — “ngale” (珠形); imatchulidwa ndi atolankhani a 2019, mawonekedwe ake sanafotokozedwe.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Malinga ndi kufotokozera mu magazini ya mafakitale (2016) kwa mitundu itatu; mawu onse a mndandanda wa dziko lonse ndi “kununkhira kwakukulu ndi kothwa, kukoma kwatsopano”.

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Chaolü — zopota zowonda, zolimba, zonyezimira za mtundu wa silver-grey-wobiriwira (条索细紧油润呈银灰绿). Cuiya — tsamba lathyathyathya lobiriwira kwambiri ngati lupanga (扁平墨绿呈剑状). Xueluo — zozungulira zolimba, zonse zokutidwa ndi tsitsi loyera (紧结如螺，满披白毫).
Kununkhira kwa masamba owuma: Chaolü — kununkhira kwa mtedza wa chestnut kapena nyemba za mung (栗香或绿豆香); Cuiya — kununkhira kofewa kwa tiyi wachinyamata (嫩茶香).
Kununkhira kwa chakumwa: Kwakukulu, kothwa komanso kosalekeza (香气高锐持久): kwa Chaolü — ndi kamvekedwe ka chestnut, kwa Cuiya — ndi ka maluwa. Kwa Xueluo — koyera komanso kwakukulu, ndi kununkhira kwa tsitsi (清高、毫香显露).
Kukoma: Chaolü — kotsekemera, kofewa, kwatsopano, kumapirira zithyolera zambiri (甘醇鲜爽耐冲泡). Cuiya — kwatsopano ndi kotsekemera, kununkhira kumamveka m’kukoma (鲜爽甘醇且味中透香). Xueluo — kwatsopano, ndi kununkhira (鲜爽透香).
Mtundu wa chakumwa: Chaolü — wobiriwira wofewa kapena wobiriwira wachikasu, wowala (嫩绿或黄绿明亮); Cuiya — wobiriwira wa emerald kapena wobiriwira wofewa, wowonekera (翠绿或嫩绿清澈明亮).
Masamba otayidwa: Chaolü — wobiriwira wachikasu wofewa, wofanana, “ngati wodulidwa ndi mpeni” (嫩黄绿、似刀切般匀称齐整). Cuiya — wobiriwira wofewa, wonenepa, wofanana. Xueluo — wobiriwira wofewa kapena wobiriwira wachikasu, masamba ndi timasamba tonse tachikwanira.

7. Kapangidwe ka Chemical

Palibe zomwe tawapeza pa physicochemical.

8. Kukonza

Njira ya kalasi ya tiyi wobiriwira.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C kwa tiyi wathyathyathya ndi wozungulira; 85–90 °C kwa zopota zowongoka.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Chotengera: Galasi la galasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
Njira:
1. Tenthetsa chotengera.
2. Ikani tiyi.
3. Thirani madzi ochepa, kuti tsamba litseguke kwa masekondi 20–30.
4. Onjezerani madzi; kutsegula koyamba — mphindi 1–2.
5. Mwe, kusiya gawo la chakumwa.
6. Thirani kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira ya kalasi. Mu zotengera zotsekedwa bwino, m’firiji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Tiyi wobiriwira amamwa watsopano, kusungitsa kwa nthawi yayitali sikutheka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zinyengo

Palibe zomwe tawapeza pa mtengo.

Momwe mungapewere zinyengo:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha “武平绿茶”.
- Onani kuti wopanga ndi wa boma la Wuping.
- Mitundu ingapo pansi pa chizindikiro chimodzi ndi yachilendo: Chaolü, Cuiya ndi Xueluo ndi zinthu zosiyana za dzina limodzi.
- Fananizani mawonekedwe ndi kufotokozera: pa tiyi wowongoka — zopota zowonda za silver-grey-wobiriwira, pa tiyi wozungulira — tsitsi loyera lambiri.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Malinga ndi malipoti, Wuping ndi dera lalikulu kwambiri ku Fujian la tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga.
Kale mbiri ya Ming ya boma inkatchula tiyi wabwino kwambiri — wa phiri la Yuntishan ndi wa Yanqian.
M’boma muli mitengo yakuthengo ya tiyi mpaka lero.
Malinga ndi magazini ya mafakitale ya 2016, kuyambira 2012 tiyi walandira mendulo 17 za golidi pampikisano wa dziko lonse wa tiyi wobiriwira “Zhong Lü Bei” (中绿杯).
Chizindikiro cha 2009 chinakhala dzina loyamba la dera la boma.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi tiyi wina wobiriwira

Shiting Lücha (石亭绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa kumwera kwa Fujian ndi mawu akuti “kununkhira katatu, wobiriwira katatu”; Wuping ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa kumadzulo kwa chigawo.
Tianshan Lücha (天山绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa Fujian, kuchokera kumapiri a Tianshan m’chigawo cha Ningde.
Biluochun (碧螺春): Tiyi wozungulira wa Jiangsu; ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa Liangye Xueluo.

Pomaliza:

Wuping Lücha ndi tiyi wobiriwira m’chigawo cha oolong, ndipo boma lapanga izi kukhala chosiyanitsa: malinga ndi malipoti, ndi dera lalikulu kwambiri la tiyi wobiriwira wokazinga ku Fujian, mitundu ingapo pansi pa chizindikiro chimodzi, yotchulidwa pambuyo pa phiri la Liangyeshan, ndi mbiri ya tiyi yomwe mbiri ya boma imalemba kuyambira nthawi ya Song. Kununkhira kwakukulu ndi kothwa komanso kukoma kwatsopano ndi mawu omwe tiyi adalowetsamo m’mndandanda wa dziko lonse wa zinthu zapadera.

Magwero

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CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №6524922

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