Nánjìng dānguì · thetea.app

Nánjìng Dānguì (Nánjìng dānguì, 南靖丹桂) — itiye lohlobo lwe-dangui (丹桂) lwesifunda saseNanjing (南靖县) esifundeni sedolobha saseZhangzhou, esifundazweni saseFujian. Uhlobo lwatshalwa yiTea Institute yeFujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences kusukela enzalweni yokuhlanganisa kwemvelo yohlobo lwe-rougui (肉桂); eNanjing lulethwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-2000, futhi lwaba uhlobo oluyinhloko lwesifunda. Kulo kwenziwa oolong yezitayela ezimbili — egcwele futhi ekhanyayo — kanye netiye elibomvu, ngakho igama alisho isigaba esisodwa, kodwa lisho uhlobo nendawo. INanjing iyisifunda sama-tulou aseFujian, izindlu zodaka ezakhiwe njengezinqaba, futhi uphawu lwesifunda lubizwa kanjalo: «南靖土楼茶». Negama kuhlobene nophawu lwesatifiketi sendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nendabuko

Uhlobo: Akusona isigaba esisodwa. Uhlobo lwe-dangui lufanele kokubili oolong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá) kanye netiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá); eNanjing kulo kwenziwa oolong yezitayela ezigcwele (浓香型) nezikhanyayo (清香型) kanye netiye elibomvu. Uphawu lubhaliswe kumpahla «itiye» ngaphandle kokucacisa isigaba.
Isigaba: Itiye lohlobo lwesifunda elinophawu lwesendawo; umkhiqizo oyinhloko wophawu lwesifunda «Nanjing tulou cha».
Indabuko: IShayina, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), isifunda sedolobha saseZhangzhou (漳州, Zhāngzhōu), isifunda saseNanjing (南靖, Nánjìng).
Indawo evikelwe: Uhlu lwezifundazwe lwezimpawu lubiza isifunda saseNanjing njengendawo yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu; umngcele wezomthetho wendawo angiwuhlolanga.
Indlela yokuvikela: Isatifiketi sendawo seNational Intellectual Property Administration yaseShayina (CNIPA) № 5819161, impahla — itiye. Ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwangomhla zingama-30 kuJuni 2026 ukubhaliswa kubonakala kusasebenza. Umnikazi, unyaka wokubhalisa nemithetho yophawu angikutholanga.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda saseNanjing — cishe 24,5° enyakatho kanye no-117,4° empumalanga.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ukwaziswa kwendawo. Ngokwemibhalo yesifunda, abantu bale ndawo babeqoqa futhi benza itiye lasendle kakade ngasekupheleni kweSui — ekuqaleni kweTang, futhi ngeminyaka yeJiajing yobukhosi beMing itiye lendawo lalibhalwe enteleni. Imithombo yokuqala yalokhu angiyibonanga.
- Ukuqokwa kohlobo. Ngokwemininingwane eyisithenjwa, iTea Institute yeFujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences yakhetha i-dangui iminyaka engu-19; uhlobo lwagunyazwa esifundazweni ngo-1998 futhi lwamukelwa ezingeni likahulumeni ngo-2010.
- Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-2000. I-dangui ifika eNanjing: indaba ka-2020 ibiza unyaka ka-2001, kanti i-«Fujian ribao» ngo-2026 ithi «cishe ngo-2002».
- 2018. Isifunda sethula uphawu lomphakathi «南靖土楼茶» futhi senza i-dangui ibe umkhiqizo walo oyinhloko. Imibhalo yesifunda ichaza imigqa eyisishiyagalolunye ye-«tulou cha», imiqhudelwano yochwepheshe kanye ne-«amakhosi etiye».
- 2020s. Ngokwe-«Fujian ribao», elinye lamabhizinisi esifunda lamukela izinga lokuqala lebhizinisi le-dangui futhi laqala ukulandelela «umkhiqizo owodwa — ikhodi eyodwa».
Igama: «Nanjing» (南靖) — igama lesifunda; akufanele kudidaniswe nedolobha laseNanjing (南京) eJiangsu. «Dangui» (丹桂) — igama lohlobo, elihambisana negama lohlobo lomzali i-rougui. Ngegama elifanayo eShayina babiza uhlobo olusawolintshi lwe-osmanthus, kodwa leli tiye alinziwa ngezimbali.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Isifunda sakha ezokuvakasha nge-dangui: amasimu etiye ahlangene nama-tulou, izivakashi ziphuza itiye ezindlini eziyizinqaba futhi zizama ukuwaqoqa nokuwenza. Isifunda sinezimpawu zendawo ezintathu zetiye — «南靖土楼茶», «南靖丹桂» kanye ne-«南靖铁观音».

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Uhlobo / Cultivar: 丹桂 (dānguì) — uhlobo olunephunga eliphezulu, olukhiqiza kakhulu lwezinga likahulumeni, olufanele oolong netiye elibomvu. Imithombo eminingi ithi luyinzalo yokuhlanganisa kwemvelo ye-rougui; ezinye izincwadi zithi uhlobo lomzali lungu-dahongpao (大红袍), kanti i-rougui inguyise. Ukungafani angikuxazululanga.
Iqabunga: I-«Fujian ribao» ichaza iqabunga le-dangui njengelikhulu futhi eligcwele ukunambitheka; ubuhlungu nokuklabalasa kohlobo kunzima ukukususa lapho kusetshenzwa.
Ukuqoqa: Ngokwephephandaba elifanayo, iqabunga liqoqwa emini bese njalo ngemizuzu engamashumi amathathu lithunyelwa efektri, ukuze lingalahlekelwa ubusha. Ngokwendaba ka-2020, itiye le-qingming kanye netiye lokucubungula okucolekile liqoqwa ikakhulukazi ngesandla.
Indawo: Indaba ka-2020 ibiza cishe izinkulungwane eziyishumi zama-mu amasimu e-dangui, kanti i-«Fujian ribao» ngo-2026 ithi ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisithupha zama-mu; ukungafani angikuxazululanga.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Izintaba entshonalanga yesifunda saseZhangzhou, eningizimu yeFujian.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Ngokombhalo wendawo ngetiye laseNanjing, likhula ikakhulukazi ekuphakameni okungu-400–1000 m. Ingadi ephilayo yaseYangdingdong (洋顶岽), ngokwe-«Fujian ribao», isendaweni ephakeme engu-1050 m.
Isimo sezulu: Ngokombhalo ofanayo, itiye likhula emahlathini asezintabeni ajulile, unyaka wonke emafini nasenkungwini, nomehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku. Eminye imininingwane yesimo sezulu ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
Inhlabathi: Engadini yaseYangdingdong — ijulile futhi ivundile; eminye imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
Ukuphathwa kwezivande: Indaba ka-2020 ibhala ngokushintsha kusuka ekusebenziseni imithi yokubulala ukhula kuya ekuhlakuleni ngesandla, imanyolo ephilayo kanye nezindlela zokuvikela zebhayoloji.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

I-dangui yaseNanjing ichazwa njengokuhlanganisa izikole zaseFujian enyakatho neseningizimu ze-oolong. Nge-oolong uchwepheshe wendawo ku-«Fujian ribao» ubala le misebenzi elandelayo:

Ukuqoqa (采青, cǎiqīng).
Ukupholisa iqabunga emthunzini (凉青, liángqīng).
Ukuvutshelwa elangeni (晒青, shàiqīng).
Ukunyakazisa (摇青, yáoqīng).
Ukukhandwa nokugaywa (杀青, shāqīng; 炒青, chǎoqīng).
Ukusongwa (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomiswa nokutshiswa (烘焙, hōngbèi).

Umsebenzi ngamunye, ngokwamazwi omchwepheshe, kufanele ulungiswe ngokwesimo sezulu nesimo seqabunga. Amapharamitha, umehluko phakathi kwezitayela ezigcwele nezikhanyayo kanye nobuchwepheshe betiye elibomvu le-dangui emithonjeni etholakele akukho.

6. Izici Zesitho Senyama

Ngezansi — incazelo evela endabeni ka-2020; isebenza, ngokusobala, ku-oolong. Eminye imibhalo (kuhlanganise ne-«Fujian ribao» ngo-2026) ichaza iqabunga ngendlela ehlukile — «翠绿», eluhlaza okwesimaragidu, kanti uketshezi — lusagolide; mhlawumbe lezi yizitayela ezihlukene, kodwa imithombo ayikucacisi.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lisongwe ngokuqinile (紧结), linsundu ngokucwebezela (色泽褐润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga loketshezi: Lijulile, liphezulu futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (馥郁高长); eminye imibhalo — «liphezulu ngendlela emangalisayo» (香气奇高).
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, nokunambitheka okumnandi emva kokugwinya (醇厚回甘); kumelana nokuphuzwa okuningi.
Umbala woketshezi: O-orange-ophuzi, okhanyayo (橙黄明亮); kweminye imibhalo — usagolide.
Izindawo zetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Lithambile, ngokucwebezela (软亮).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physico-chemical emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba we-oolong yaseFujian eseningizimu; ngetiye elibomvu le-dangui kufanelekile uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye elibomvu (90–95 °C, 3–4 g nge-150 ml).

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 95–100 °C.
Inani letiye: 6–8 g nge-110 ml.
Izitsha: Igaiwan noma itispoti esincane sobumba.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha, ugeze itiye ngokuthela okufushane.
2. Ukutheleka kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-20–30.
3. Okulandelayo ngakunye — ngemizuzwana engu-5–10 isikhathi eside.
4. Ukuphuzwa okuyisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga angaphandle. Uhlobo lwe-oolong olusha lungcono ukulugcina endaweni ebandayo futhi luziphuzwe phakathi nonyaka; oolong egcwele netiye elibomvu kugcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa.

10. Intengo Namaphekula

Ayikho imininingwane ngentengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ungawagwema kanjani amaphekula:
- Funa uphawu «南靖丹桂» ephaketheni.
- Hlola ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowesifunda saseNanjing.
- Khumbula ukuthi «土楼茶» ephaketheni igama lophawu lwesifunda nophawu oluhlukile, hhayi uhlobo.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Uhlobo lwe-dangui lwavela eNanjing kuphela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-2000, kodwa emashumini amabili eminyaka lwaba uhlobo oluyinhloko lwesifunda.
Igama lohlobo lifana negama le-osmanthus ewolintshi, nakuba leli kuyitiye ngaphandle kokufakwa iphunga lezimbali.
INanjing (南靖) ayihlangene neNanjing (南京): izinhlamvu zihlukile.
Ngokwe-«Fujian ribao», isifunda singenile ohlwini lwezifunda eziyishumi eziyinhloko zetiye zaseFujian futhi nge-oolong eningizimu yesifundazwe silandela isifunda esisodwa kuphela.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namatiye Ahlobene

Rou Gui (肉桂): Uhlobo lomzali, oolong yamadwala yaseWuyishan; i-dangui yathwala iphunga layo eliphezulu yaya eningizimu yesifundazwe.
Tieguanyin (铁观音): Uhlobo oluyinhloko lwe-oolong yaseFujian eseningizimu; eNanjing kukhona nophawu lwaso lwe-«南靖铁观音».
Zhangzhou Se Zhong (漳州色种): Oolong exubile yesifunda sonke saseZhangzhou; embhalweni weqoqo ngayo i-dangui yaseNanjing ibalwa phakathi kwezinto ezingavuthiwe.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Nanjing Dangui — itiye lohlobo olusha lweningizimu yeFujian: uhlobo olwakhishwa enzalweni ye-rougui, lwafika esifundeni ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-2000 futhi lwaba uphawu lwaso olugqamile eduze kwama-tulou. Kulo kwenziwa oolong egcwele nekhanyayo kanye netiye elibomvu; izincazelo zihambisana ngephunga eliphezulu, ukunambitheka okugcwele okumnandi nokuqina, kodwa ziyahlukahluka ngombala weqabunga — ngokusobala, ngezitayela.