Jiāngxià bìfǎng · thetea.app

Jiangxia Bifang (Jiāngxià bìfǎng, 江夏碧舫) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa m’dera la Jiangxia (江夏区) mumzinda wa Wuhan, m’chigawo cha Hubei. Minda yake ya tiyi ili m’midzi isanu ndi itatu ndi mafamu a komiti ya mumsewu ya Wulongquan, pafupi ndi nyanja ya Liangzihu. Dzinalo limatanthauza “bwato la emerald” (mtundu wobiriwira wa emerald): malinga ndi malipoti a manyuzipepala aku Wuhan, masamba otenthedwa amayandama mu kapu ngati bwato lobiriwira. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya m’deralo, tiyiyu anapangidwa m’ma 1980 potengera mitundu ya Fuding Dabai ndi ina; kuyambira 2021 amatetezedwa ngati chizindikiro cha zaulimi cha dera, ndipo kuyambira 2025 ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosalala, wa mtundu wokazinga (炒青, chǎoqīng). Malamulo a chitetezo satchula kalasi ndi mawu, koma amafotokoza luso la tiyi wobiriwira, kutanthauza kukhazikika, kuwongola ndi kuumba masamba, kukazinga, popanda kufowoketsa kwa okosijeni kapena kuwiritsa pang’onopang’ono. Mu nkhani ya Wuhan pa wailesi ndi kanema (2022) patsamba la bungwe la mzinda loyang’anira zaulimi, amamutchula mwachindunji kuti tiyi wobiriwira wa mtundu wokazinga.
Msampha wa dzina la malo: Wulongquan (乌龙泉, “kasupe wa chinjoka chakuda”) ndi dzina chabe la komiti ya mumsewu; 乌龙 limafanana ndi dzina la oolong, koma silinena kalikonse za kalasi ya tiyi.
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa Wuhan; chizindikiro cha zaulimi cha dera (AGI03368, 2021) ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera (2025).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hubei (湖北, Húběi), mzinda wa Wuhan (武汉, Wǔhàn), dera la Jiangxia (江夏, Jiāngxià), komiti ya mumsewu ya Wulongquan (乌龙泉街).
Dera lotetezedwa: Magawo asanu ndi atatu a komiti ya mumsewu ya Wulongquan: midzi ya Qunjian (群建), Qingshan (青山), Changling (长岭), Tuanjie (团结), Zhifu (致富), Jianshe (建设), Sihua (四化) ndi famu ya minda (园艺场). Wopempha ndi likulu lofalitsa luso la zaulimi la dera la Jiangxia.
Zogwirizana za malo: 114°30′–114°44′ kum’mawa, 30°13′–30°25′ kumpoto, malire a dera malinga ndi malamulo a chitetezo.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Mbiri yakale. Malinga ndi malipoti a Wuhan pa wailesi ndi kanema (2022), tiyi ku Jiangxia amalimidwa kuyambira nthawi ya Ming (明). Nyuzipepala ya m’deralo imatsatira izi ku “Buku la Tiyi” la Lu Yu (陆羽), pomwe amatchula tiyi wa Ezhou (鄂州), ndipo amalumikiza Ezhou ndi Jiangxia; uku ndi kutanthauzira kwa nyuzipepala, osati chikalata chokhudza tiyiyo.
- 1956. Malinga ndi “Changjiang ribao” (2025), pa malo opanda kanthu pafupi ndi Tuditang (土地堂) anakhazikitsa famu yaboma ya minda ya dera la Wuchang; malinga ndi nyuzipepala, m’miyezi iwiri analima mahekitala 800, ndipo famuyo inakhala likulu la zipatso ndi tiyi.
- M’ma 1980. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala yomweyi, akatswiri a luso potengera mtundu wa Fuding Dabai (福鼎大白茶) ndi mitundu ina komanso luso lakale la kukazinga anapanga tiyi wobiriwira wosalala ndipo anamutcha Jiangxia Bifang.
- 1992. Mphotho ya bronze pa chiwonetsero choyamba cha zaulimi cha dziko lonse ndi dzina la “tiyi wodziwika wa Hubei”, malinga ndi “Changjiang ribao”.
- Kutsika ndi kubwezeretsedwa. Pamene minda anagaŵa m’makontrakiti a mabanja, tiyiyo, malinga ndi nyuzipepala, anayamba kukazingidwa m’mabwalo, ndipo mtundu wake unasokonekera; kuyambira 2010 chizindikirocho chikubwezeretsedwa ndi kampani ya m’deralo ndi kooperativi.
- 2021. Mu Juni, Unduna wa Zaulimi unalembetsa Jiangxia Bifang ngati chizindikiro cha zaulimi cha dera (nambala AGI03368).
- 2024. Malinga ndi “Changjiang ribao”, tiyiyo analowetsedwa m’ndandanda waboma wa “kukumbukira zinthu zaulimi” (农耕农品记忆索引名录).
- 2025. Bungwe la dziko la nzeru za katundu pa chilengezo nambala 640 linavomereza tiyiyo ngati chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera ndipo linatulutsa zofunikira zake.
- Kusiyana. Nyuzipepala yomweyi mu December 2025 inalemba kuti mawonekedwe a chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera tiyiyo analandira kale mu 2016. Sindinapeze chikalata cha 2016; malinga ndi zikalata zopezeka, chitetezo chimayamba mu 2021.
Dzina: “Jiangxia” (江夏) ndi dzina la dera; “Bifang” (碧舫) ndi “bwato la emerald”: 碧 ndi emerald, buluu wobiriwira, 舫 ndi bwato, bwato lokongoletsedwa (画舫). Mu kapu, tsamba lalikulu, malinga ndi mafotokozedwe, limafanana ndi bwato laling’ono komanso mwezi watsopano.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Malinga ndi “Changjiang ribao”, luso la kupanga Jiangxia Bifang kuyambira 2024 lili pa ndandanda ya zolowa za m’deralo za chikhalidwe chosagwirika.

3. Kufotokozera za Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mitundu / Makultivari: Malinga ndi malamulo a chitetezo, mitundu yayikulu ndi Fuding Dabai (福鼎大白茶) ndi Zhongcha 108 (中茶108).
Mulingo wa kuthyola: Malamulo a chitetezo satchula chiwerengero cha masamba. Malinga ndi malipoti a Wuhan pa wailesi ndi kanema (2022), kwa tiyi wodziwika wa Wuhan zimafala kuthyola chiphuphu chimodzi ndi tsamba limodzi; lipoti la “Changjiang ribao” la 2026 kuchokera m’munda wa chizindikiro limatsimikizira, chiphuphu chimodzi ndi tsamba lomwe langotuluka kumene, chiphuphu chachitali kuposa tsamba. Kwa njira yokwera mtengo, malinga ndi “Changjiang ribao”, amatenga chiphuphu chimodzi chokha chisanafike Qingming.
Nthawi yothyola: Malinga ndi “Changjiang ribao” (April 2025), maphuphu amayamba kuthyoledwa pambuyo pa kugwirana kwa masana ndi usiku kwa masika.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Tsamba laling’ono, lopanda maphuphu ofiira ndi amiseche pamodzi ndi masamba, lopanda owonongeka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo, lopanda othyoledwa pamvula.

4. Malo ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Mapiri oyandikana ndi nyanja kumwera kwa Wuhan. Malinga ndi malamulo a chitetezo, derali lili m’dera lotetezedwa la chigwa ndi madzi a nyanja ya Liangzihu (梁子湖); madzi a magulu I ndi II amtundu wabwino amatenga kuposa 85% ya malo ake. Nyengo, malinga ndi mafotokozedwe, ndi yofewa ndi yachinyezi, nkhalango zimaphimba 85%.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Palibe zambiri zomwe zapezeka m’magwero.
Nthaka: Makamaka dothi lofiira (红壤), pH 4.7–5.7, wosanjikiza wachonde wakuya kuposa mita 1, zinthu zamoyo m’wosanjikiza wolimidwa kuposa 2%, ndi kutulutsa madzi kwabwino ndi kuthirira.
Zaumisiri malinga ndi malamulo: Munda umalimidwa katatu kapena kanayi pachaka, masika ndi chilimwe mosazama, chisanachitike dzinja mozama. Kuthirira kumphatikizidwa ndi feteleza, ndipo dongosolo limayendetsedwa kudzera pa nsanja yamtambo.
Kukula: Malinga ndi malipoti a Wuhan pa wailesi ndi kanema (2022), malo a minda ya dera ndi mahekitala 160, ndipo amapanga matani 60 a tiyi wouma pachaka. Malinga ndi “Changjiang ribao” (2025), minda ya chizindikiro, yolumikizidwa ndi kampani ndi kooperativi, imakhala ndi mahekitala opitilira 1200, mwa amenewo mahekitala 200 ndi munda wa organic.

5. Luso la Kupanga

Malamulo a chitetezo amafotokoza ndondomeko iyi:

Kuthyola tsamba latsopano (采摘, cǎizhāi).
Kuyala (摊放, tānfàng).
Kukhazikika (杀青, shāqīng).
Kuzizira ndi kubwezeretsa chinyezi (冷却回潮, lěngquè huícháo).
Kuwongola tsamba (理条, lǐtiáo).
Kuzizira (摊凉, tānliáng).
Kuumba (整形, zhěngxíng), tsamba limakhala lathyathyathya; kenako kuziziranso.
Kukazinga-kumaliza (辉干, huīgān).
Kutulutsa fungo (提香, tíxiāng).

Kutentha sikutchulidwa m’malamulo. Malinga ndi “Changjiang ribao”, pamanja tsamba limakazingidwa mu mphika wachitsulo pa 200 °C, ndipo mu fakitale pamagwira ntchito mzere wopitilira.

6. Makhalidwe a Kumva

Kufotokozera kumene kuli pansipa kumachokera m’malamulo a chitetezo a 2025.

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Lotalikirapo, lathyathyathya ndi lowongoka, ndi nsonga zoboola, lobiriwira la emerald (外形宽扁平直，两头尖削，色泽碧绿).
Fungo la tsamba louma: Palibe kufotokozera kwapadera komwe kwapezeka m’magwero.
Fungo la madzi: Loyera ndi lokhalitsa (清香持久).
Kukoma: Kwatsopano ndi kolimbikitsa, ndi kubwerera kotsekemera (滋味鲜爽回甘).
Mtundu wa madzi: Wobiriwira wofewa ndi wowala (汤色嫩绿明亮).
Tsamba lotsalira (masamba otenthedwa): Lobiriwira, lowala ndi lofanana (叶底绿亮匀齐).

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Malamulo a chitetezo amapereka malire otsika a zizindikiro zitatu:

Chizindikiro	Chofunikira
Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi	zosachepera 42%
Ma polyphenol a tiyi	zosachepera 22%
Ma amino acid aulere (chiwerengero)	zosachepera 1.8%

Izi ndi miyeso, osati kuyeza kwa gulu linalake. Zomwe zili za caffeine sizikupezeka m’magwero.

8. Kutentha

Njira za kalasi ya tiyi wobiriwira.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Chida: Kapu yagalasi, pomwe “bwato” la tsamba limaoneka, kapena gaiwan yoyera.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsa chida.
2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mbali mwa chida.
3. Chotentha choyamba pakatha masekondi 40–60.
4. Imwani, kusiyapo gawo la madzi.
5. Onjezerani madzi.
6. Kutentha kuwirikiza kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Njira za kalasi. M’paketi yotsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mitengo ndi Zonama

Palibe zambiri za mitengo zomwe zapezeka m’magwero.

Momwe mungapewere zonama:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera kapena chizindikiro cha zaulimi cha dera.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wa komiti ya mumsewu ya Wulongquan ya dera la Jiangxia.
- Tsamba ndi lalikulu, lathyathyathya ndi lowongoka, ndi nsonga zoboola, lobiriwira la emerald; madzi ndi obiriwira wofewa.
- Musatenge mawu “乌龙” m’adiresi ngati chizindikiro cha oolong: uyu ndi tiyi wobiriwira.

11. Zosangalatsa

Minda ili m’dera lotetezedwa la chigwa ndi madzi a nyanja ya Liangzihu.
Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya m’deralo, mbiri ya chizindikiro imachokera ku famu yaboma ya minda, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1956, osati ku mudzi wakale.

12. Kufanizira ndi tiyi ena a Wuhan

Baiquan Lücha (柏泉绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa dera la Dongxihu kumbali ina ya Wuhan.
Jiangxia Guangming Cha (江夏光明茶): Tiyi wachiwiri wa dera la Jiangxia, yemwe analandira mawonekedwe a chinthu chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha dera pa chilengezo chomwecho cha 2025.
Huangpi Lücha (黄陂绿茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa dera la Huangpi kumpoto kwa Wuhan.

Pomaliza:

Jiangxia Bifang ndi tiyi wobiriwira wosalala wa kumwera kwa Wuhan, wopangidwa, malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya m’deralo, m’ma 1980 ndipo wotchulidwa malinga ndi maonekedwe a tsamba, “bwato la emerald”. Zikalata za chitetezo zimamufotokoza molondola: midzi isanu ndi itatu ndi mafamu pafupi ndi nyanja ya Liangzihu, mitundu ya Fuding Dabai ndi Zhongcha 108, tsamba lalikulu lathyathyathya lobiriwira la emerald, fungo loyera lokhalitsa ndi kukoma kwatsopano ndi kubwerera kotsekemera.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero