Shíqiān táichá

I-Shiqian Taicha (Shíqiān táichá, 石阡苔茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni saseShiqian (石阡县) esifundeni sikaMasipala waseTongren enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe saseGuizhou. Elithi “Taicha” futhi liyigama lesihlahla setiye sendawo: ngenxa yamahlumela amade awugqinsi (苔, tái), abalimi basibiza ngokuthi “taizi cha”. Ngokwezimfuneko zango-2025, umkhiqizo ovikelwe utiye oluluhlaza oluyisicaba; itiye elibomvu, i-oolong netiye elimhlophe okuvela kuleso silimo esifanayo akufakwanga kule ncazelo. Leli gama livikelwe kusukela ngo-2009.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Izimfuneko zango-2025 ziwuchaza umkhiqizo njenge “tiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba” (扁形绿茶, biǎnxíng lǜchá).
Ukudideka ngegama: Elithi “Taicha” liyisilimo kanye netiye. Ngokwe “Renmin Ribao”, kusuka kulesi silimo kwenziwa itiye eliluhlaza, elibomvu, i-oolong nelimhlophe; isigaba kufanele sibhekwe kulebula, hhayi ukuqagela ngegama.
Isigaba: Itiye laseGuizhou eliluhlaza eliyisicaba, eliqanjwe ngesilimo sendawo; umkhiqizo onesiginali yendawo.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州, Guìzhōu), umasipala wedolobha iTongren (铜仁, Tóngrén), isifunda iShiqian (石阡, Shíqiān).
Indawo evikelwe: Amalokishi nezifunda eziyi-18 zesifunda: iLongtang, iLongjing, iBaisha, iJufeng, iBenzhuang, iHeba, iDashaba, iPingdichang, iHuaqiao, iShigu, iQingyang, iWude, iFengxiang, iPingshan, iZhongba, iGanxi, iGuorong neTangshan. Umfakisicelo yinhlangano yetiye yesifunda saseShiqian (石阡县茶业协会).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 27°17′05″–27°42′50″ N no-107°44′55″–108°33′47″ E.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Endulo. Imibhalo yendawo ixhumanisa itiye laseShiqian nomugqa we “Classic of Tea” kaLu Yu othi “往往得之，其味极佳” - “kuvame ukutholakala, ukunambitheka kwako kuhle kakhulu” - futhi ibhala ukuthi ngesikhathi seSong, Ming neQing itiye lalihanjiswa enkantolo. Imithombo yokuqala ayikaqinisekiswa.
- 2009. I-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) yamemezela ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 88 ukuthi iShiqian Taicha ivikelwe njengomkhiqizo onesiginali yendawo.
- 2015. Isifundazwe sagunyaza izinga lomkhiqizo i-DB52/T 532-2015 kanye nemithetho yokucubungula i-DB52/T 1014-2015. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uMnyango Wezolimo wakhipha isitifiketi sesiginali yezolimo yendawo, kanti ubuchwepheshe bezandla beTaicha bangena ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angabonakali.
- 2023–2024. Isifunda iTongren sakhipha imithetho yayo yokucubungula i-DB5206/T 168-2023 (ngoDisemba 20, 2023); imithetho yesifundazwe yango-2015, ngokwesikhulumi sezindinganiso, yachithwa ngoJanawari 2, 2024.
- 2025. Ngesimemezelo esinguNombolo 646 (sangoSepthemba 23), i-State Intellectual Property Office yagunyaza izimfuneko zeShiqian Taicha, ezathatha indawo yesigaba sayo kanye nesithasiselo sezimfuneko zekhwalithi ezivela esimemezelweni sango-2009.
Isilinganiso: NgokweXinhua (ngoJuni 2024), izingadi zesifunda zingama-436,000 mu, kuzo ezithelayo zingama-337,000.
Igama: 石阡 (Shíqiān) yigama lesifunda; 苔 (tái) lihlumela eliwugqinsi. Isizindalwazi sesifunda sinikeza elinye igama lomphakathi - 苔紫茶 (táizǐchá), “iTaicha ensomi”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Isifunda sibizwa ngokuthi “izwe leTaicha laseChina” (中国苔茶之乡), kanti itiye ngokwalo lingelinye “lamatiye amathathu adumile aseGuizhou”. Incwadi yendawo ichaza isiko le “bhodwe letiye” (罐罐茶): iqabunga elimahhadlahhadla namanzi omthombo aphekwa ebhodweni lobumba emalahleni, amagwebu asuswe, kanti uma kubanda kufakwa nejinja.

3. Incazelo yesitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo lwesilimo: Uhlobo lwendawo 石阡苔茶. Ngokwe “Renmin Ribao”, iqabunga lesihlahla limahhadlahhadla, imiqumbe iqinile, iziqu zinde; lapho kufudumala, imiqumbe namaqabunga aba bomvu okukhanyayo, bese eba bomvu okunsomi. Incazelo ye-encyclopedia iwubiza ngohlobo oludala lwendawo olwasakazekala empumalanga, enyakatho naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeGuizhou.
Izinhlobo ezivumelekile: Izimfuneko zango-2025 zibiza izinhlobo eziyinhloko ngokuthi yiTaicha ngokwayo, kanye neFuding, iMingshan kanye nochungechunge lweLongjing (福鼎、名山、龙井系列). Igama elithi “taicha” alidingi ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zivele kuphela esihlahleni sendawo.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa nokuvuna: Ukuvuna ngesandla noma ngomshini - kunjalo ezimfunekweni zango-2025. Ngokwesizindalwazi sesifunda, ku-maofeng owenziwe ngesandla, umqumbe oneqabunga elilodwa ufaneleka kakhulu.
Izimo zokutshala: Izindawo eziphakeme ezikhipha amanzi, inhlabathi ene-asidi, izinto eziphilayo ongqimbeni olungaphezulu zingaphezu kwe-1%, ukushuba kwenhlabathi kusuka ku-80 cm.

4. I-terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: Ngokwencwadi yendawo, isifunda sitholakala emthambekeni oyizitebhisi, lapho ithafa laseYunnan-Guizhou lishintshela emagqumeni asentshonalanga yeHunan, emaphethelweni aseningizimu-ntshona yezintaba zaseWuling. INingizimu-mpumalanga iphakeme kunenyakatho-ntshonalanga, indawo inamadwala e-karst.
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical humid monsoon; imibhalo yendawo iphinda ifomula ethi “i-latitude ephansi, ukuphakama okukhulu, ilanga elincane” (低纬度、高海拔、寡日照). Isizindalwazi sokubhekisela sinikeza izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo elingu-16.8 °C, amahora elanga angu-1233, imvula engaba ngu-1121 mm, nezinsuku ezingama-303 ezingenasithwathwa; umthombo osemthethweni walezi zibalo awutholakalanga.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ephuzi kanye nenhlabathi eyellow-brown yasezintabeni.
Ukuphakama: Akukho datha etholakala emithonjeni etholiwe.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Izimfuneko zango-2025 azibuchazi ubuchwepheshe, imibhalo yemithetho yokucubungula ayitholakalanga. Isizindalwazi sesifunda ngokwamazwi omculi - ophethe igugu lesifundazwe elingabonakali - sichaza i-maofeng (毛峰, máofēng) eyenziwe ngesandla - itiye elisontiwe, hhayi eliyisicaba:

Ukwenza ibune: Cishe amahora angu-7-8 ezingeni lokushisa elihlala njalo.
Ukubulala umbala (杀青, shāqīng): Ibhodwe ligcotshwa ngamafutha etiye; iqabunga lifakwa lapho intende yesandla engamamitha angu-20 ukusuka phansi izwa ukushisa.
“Ukuthosa kathathu - ukusonta kathathu” (三炒三揉, sān chǎo sān róu): Iqabunga lisontwa ngqo ebhodweni, ingcindezi ithi “kalula - ngamandla - kalula”, ngokomthetho othi “isandla asihlukani netiye, itiye aliphumi ebhodweni” (手不离茶、茶不离锅). Ingcindezi enkulu kakhulu yephula iqabunga, encane kakhulu ayibumbi.
Ukomisa: Kancane, ngokushisa kwebhodwe okungashisi intende yesandla uma ibekwe.

I-maofeng eqediwe, ngokwale ncazelo, ingamasonto aminyene amancane, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, anoboya; umphefumulo uluhlaza okukhanyayo futhi ukhanya. Ngokwetiye eliyisicaba, isifinyezo sendatshana ephephabhukwini lezolimo sibiza imisebenzi eyisithupha namasu ayisishiyagalombili. Itiye elibomvu elivela kuleso silimo esifanayo, ngokwamazwi womculi ofanayo embhalweni wesifunda, lenziwa ngemva kokuqala kwehlobo (立夏).

6. Izici zezwi

Ngokwezimfuneko zango-2025 zetiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Linjengomqumbe, licindezelwe kancane, linoboya (外形自然芽状、稍扁、有毫); luhlaza okotshani ngokucwebezela okunamafutha, lilingana.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholiwe.
Iphunga lomphefumulo: Lihlanzekile (清香). I “Renmin Ribao” ichaza iphunga le-Taicha eliluhlaza le-castnut eliqinile (栗香持久) - ukwehluka ezimfunekweni.
Ukunambitheka: Kusha, kuvuselela (鲜爽); encazelweni ye “Renmin Ribao” - kugcwele futhi kuthambile (醇厚).
Umbala womphefumulo: Uphuzi-luhlaza, ukhanya (黄绿、明亮).
Izansi yetiye (iqabunga elenziwe): Eliphelele, elithambile futhi elilinganayo (完整、嫩匀).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Izimfuneko zango-2025:

Isinkomba	Isidingo
Ama-polyphenols etiye	18.63–23.9 %
Ama-amino acid	okungenani 3.0 %
Ukukhishwa kwamanzi	okungenani 40.0 %
Umswakama	okungenani 6.5 % okungenani kungaphezulu
Umlotha ophelele	okungenani 7 % okungenani kungaphezulu
Uchaphaza	okungenani 5.0 % okungenani kungaphezulu
I-fiber enzima	okungenani 15.0 % okungenani kungaphezulu

Isizindalwazi sokubhekisela sinikeza ama-polyphenols angu-20–26% ne-caffeine engu-4.5–6.0% - ngaphandle komthombo wokuqala futhi okungahambisani nezimfuneko.

8. Izakhiwo eziwusizo

Akukho datha eqinisekisiwe ngomphumela waleli tiye ngqo. Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ibiza iTaicha nge “tiye lokuphila isikhathi eside” (长寿茶) futhi ilixhumanisa nenani labantu abadala besifunda; lokhu ukuxhumana kokukhangisa, hhayi isiphetho esiqinisekisiwe.

9. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Umphumela wokuqala - ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40-60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yomphefumulo, bese uthela amanzi futhi.
5. Ukuthela kabili noma kathathu.

10. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephepheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga; kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

11. Intengo kanye nokukhwabanisa

Akukho datha eqinisekile ngezintengo; isitolo esisodwa se-inthanethi sibiza isilinganiso esingaba ngu-300 yuan nge-jin (500 g).

Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu lwesiginali yendawo: lutholwa ngabakhiqizi abavela endaweni evikelwe ngokugunyazwa yi-State Intellectual Property Office.
- Bheka isigaba kulebula: iTaicha ebomvu itiye elisemthethweni elivela kuleso silimo esifanayo, kodwa akulona umkhiqizo ovikelwe.
- Ukubukeka okuvikelwe yiqabunga elinjengomqumbe elicindezelwe kancane elinoboya kanye nomphefumulo ophuzi-luhlaza okhanyayo.

12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Uhlobo luqanjwe ngokubukeka kwehlumela: i “tai” ewugqinsi yanikeza igama kokubili esihlahleni nasetiye.
Lapho kufudumala, imiqumbe yeTaicha iba bomvu, bese iba nsomi; kwelinye lamagama omphakathi esihlahla, i-苔紫茶, kukhona uhlamvu 紫 - “insomi”.
Izimfuneko zivumela izinhlobo ezingezona ezendawo zetiye elivikelwe - iFuding, iMingshan, uchungechunge lweLongjing.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye

I-Beichuan Taizi Cha (北川苔子茶): Itiye eliluhlaza laseSichuan, futhi eliqanjwe ngokubukeka kwamahlumela esihlahla sendawo; izinga layo alidingi ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zivele kuphela kulesi sihlahla.
I-Fanjingshan Lvcha (梵净山绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisambulela lesifunda saseTongren; isifunda saseShiqian singaphakathi kwendawo yaso.
I-Meitan Cuiya (湄潭翠芽): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lesifunda saseMeitan, elinye itiye eliyisicaba elidume laseGuizhou.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Shiqian Taicha itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba lasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeGuizhou, eliqanjwe ngesihlahla sendawo esinamahlumela awugqinsi, ababomvu entwasahlobo. Izimfuneko zango-2025 zichaza iqabunga elinjengomqumbe elinoboya, iphunga elihlanzekile, ukunambitheka okusha kanye nomphefumulo ophuzi-luhlaza; leso silimo esifanayo esifundeni sikhiqiza futhi itiye elibomvu, ne-oolong, ngakho isigaba kufanele sifundwe kulebula.