Quxī Lǜchá (Qūxī lǜchá, 曲溪绿茶) itiye eliluhlaza laseChangyang Tujia Autonomous County (长阳土家族自治县) esifundeni sasedolobheni iYichang, esifundazweni saseHubei. Igama linikezwe umfudlana iQuxī eduze nedolobhana iZīqiū (资丘镇), futhi indawo evikelwe ayichazwanga ngesistimu yezifunda, kodwa ngesigodi somfula: kusukela emfuleni iQuxī inabela ngasogwini lwemifula yomibili yoMfula iQingjiang (清江). Kusukela ngo-2020 igama liwuphawu lwezolimo lwesifunda, futhi ngo-2025 langena ohlwini lwemikhiqizo enophawu lwesifunda lweCNIPA. Ngokushicilelwe ngo-2025, amasimu etiye esigodini saseQuxī akhula ngemuva kokuba isigodi saba umnyombo wesiqiwi sesifundazwe.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Isigaba siqanjwe egameni uqobo, futhi incazelo yophawu ikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe obungenayo i-oxidation: ukulungisa, ukusonga, ukomisa.
- Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lesigodi somfula lasentshonalanga yeHubei; uphawu lwezolimo lwesifunda (2020) kanye nomkhiqizo onophawu lwesifunda ohlwini lweCNIPA (2025).
- Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe saseHubei (湖北, Húběi), isifunda sedolobha iYichang (宜昌, Yíchāng), iChangyang Tujia Autonomous County (长阳, Chángyáng); isikhungo sendawo yidolobhana iZīqiū.
- Indawo evikelwe: Isikhungo ngumfula iQuxī eduze kwedolobhana iZīqiū; ngale kwalokho indawo ihamba ngesigodi seQingjiang ngasogwini lwemifula yomibili, entshonalanga yomfudlana iFenshuǐxī (分水溪) wesigodi saseYāzǐkǒu (鸭子口乡). Ihlanganisa izigodi zokuphatha eziyi-18: Jing’an, Bashan, Maliangping, Xiwan, Chenjiaping, Zhuyuanping, Xiyangpo, Wufangling, Quanshuiwan, Liangshuisi, Linxiangxi, Zhongxi, Duiwuxi, Tianchikou, Qinglong, Bandeng’ao, Liangshanba kanye neZhizheping.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: 110°23′37″–110°54′38″ E, 30°17′03″–30°28′08″ N.
2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Umlando omude ngaphandle kwezinsuku. Incazelo yophawu ithi itiye selilokhu litshalwa lapha isikhathi eside, kodwa ayinikezi nosuku olulodwa. Umlando obhalwe phansi wetiye lalesi sigodi awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- 2010. Ngokushicilelwe ngumnyango wezolimo wesifundazwe (Ephreli 2025), ngoJuni 2010 uhulumeni waseHubei wasungula isiqiwi sesifundazwe iBengjianzi (崩尖子), futhi umfula iQuxī waba umnyombo waso. Kwakunzima ukuthuthukisa izimboni emnyombweni wesiqiwi: kwakudingeka enye engalimazi imvelo futhi ilethe imali, futhi ngemuva kokucabanga isikhathi eside banquma ukuzama itiye. Isifunda nedolobhana baxhasa amapulazi ngezimali futhi bathumela ochwepheshe ezigodini. Ngokwalokho kushicilelwe, eminyakeni emibili amasimu etiye esigodini adlula ama-1200 mu.
- 2020. Igama lathola uphawu lwezolimo lwesifunda; izigodi ezingomakhelwane namadolobhana akha ibhande letiye elihlanganyelwe ngaphansi kwalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo.
- 2025. Igama langena ohlwini lwemikhiqizo enophawu lwesifunda, olugunyazwe isimemezelo seCNIPA No. 640.
- Imiklomelo. Isiqu setiye lekhwalithi emqhudelwaneni wesishiyagalombili kazwelonke weZhongcha bei (中茶杯) kanye negolide kunkomfa yesihlanu yesifundazwe yomklomelo weE’cha bei (鄂茶杯). Iminyaka yemiklomelo ayishiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Igama: “Qūxī” (曲溪) kusho umfudlana ogobile, igama lomfula; “lǜchá” (绿茶) kusho itiye eliluhlaza.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IChangyang iyisifunda esizimele samaTujia; indawo isezintabeni zaseWulingshan. Ukushicilelwa kuka-2025 kuchaza iQuxī njengomfula ongaphezu kwama-20 km ubude, odlula ezigodini ezimbili futhi wondle abahlali abangaphezu kuka-3500; itiye, ngokwalokho kushicilelwe, seliguqukile lapha lisuka emsebenzini oyisizinda laya komkhulu.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Izinhlobo / Imbewu: Izinhlobo ezithile azishiwongo emithonjeni etholakele. Incazelo yophawu iphawula ukuthi endaweni kunemithombo ecebile yezihlahla zetiye zendawo (群体), futhi indawo uqobo ibizwa ngepharadesi lezakhi zofuzo zezitshalo zaseCentral China (华中植物基因库).
- Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Ngokwencazelo yophawu, amahlumela amancane.
- Indlela yokukha: Ngokushicilelwa ngo-2025, entwasahlobo kuqala kukhiwa imiqotho (芽茶), bese kuba izinto zemaojian, bese kuba amaqabunga etiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile.
- Isikhathi sokukha nezinga: Izinsuku eziqondile nezinga lokukha alitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala
- Indawo: Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeHubei, umfula ophakathi nongezansi weQingjiang, izintaba zaseWulingshan. Ngokwencazelo yophawu, indawo iphakama isuka eningizimu, entshonalanga nasenyakatho futhi yehlela empumalanga; iQingjiang inqamula indawo isuka entshonalanga iya empumalanga, izintaba zihamba ngezigodi, futhi imithambeka inqanyulwa yimihosha.
- Ihlathi: Ukumbozwa kwehlathi kungama-87 %.
- Isimo sezulu: Ngokwencazelo yophawu, endaweni ephakeme nendawo (二高山) ubusika bude, kanti intwasahlobo, ihlobo nekwindla cishe kuyalingana; unyaka wonke kunenkungu nokukhanya okuhlakazekile okuningi. Incazelo ixhumanisa lokhu nokuqoqwa kwezinto ezinuka kamnandi nezine-nitrogen.
- Inhlabathi nomanyolo: Kuningi uquqaba nezinto eziwayo. Incazelo yophawu ikhuluma ngokukhethekile ngomquba wezilwane ezincane zasekhaya, obolile notshani, kanye nezitshalo zomanyolo oluhlaza, ezilinywa njengomanyolo oyinhloko.
- Ukuphakama kokutshala: Idatha ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Indawo nomkhiqizo: Ngokwencazelo yophawu, amahektha ayi-1200 namathani angama-900. Ngokushicilelwa ngo-2025, esigodini saseQuxī kunamasimu angama-6000 mu, kuthi cishe angama-4000 mu asevele akhiqiza; inani lonyaka lomkhiqizo wetiye wesigodi lilinganiselwa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 zama-yuan.
- Ukuqapha amasimu: Ngokwalokho kushicilelwe, emasimini kufakwe izinzwa zezilokazane kanye neziteshi zesimo sezulu eziqoqa idatha ngesimo sezulu, inhlabathi nezifo.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Incazelo yophawu ikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile betiye eliluhlaza, ngaphandle kwe-oxidation: ukulungisa, ukusonga, ukomisa. Amapharamitha awatholakali emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokushicilelwa ngo-2025, esigodini kwatholakala futhi kwakhuliswa izinhlaka ezinhlanu zezimakethe (市场主体); ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, ngokwalokho kushicilelwe, iqabunga elomile laba liqondile, futhi umhluzo waba luhlaza kakhudlwana.
Ngezansi uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza, hhayi incazelo yaleli tiye ngokwayo:
- Ukunwebisa iqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga likhipha ingxenye yomswakama.
- Ukulungisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation futhi kulondoloze umbala.
- Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga lithola isimo.
- Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).
6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba
Ngokwencazelo yophawu:
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imicu emincane ejiyile, egobile kancane, eluhlaza njenge-emerald, enoboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo (紧秀略弯，色泽翠绿，白毫显露).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lomhluzo: Lihlanzekile, liphakeme futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (清高持久).
- Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile futhi kugcwele (醇厚).
- Umbala womhluzo: Uluhlaza othembile, okhanyayo (嫩绿明亮).
- Iqabunga elingaphansi (iqabunga elidaliwe): Luhlaza othembile, lilingana (嫩绿匀齐).
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Izinkomba zencazelo yophawu:
| Inkomba | Izinga |
|---|---|
| Umswakama | hhayi ngaphezu kuka-7,0 % |
| Izinto ezincibilika emanzini | hhayi ngaphansi kuka-38,0 % |
| Ama-polyphenol etiye | hhayi ngaphansi kuka-18,0 % |
| Ama-amino acid akhululekile | hhayi ngaphansi kuka-3,0 % |
Lezi imingcele ephansi nephakeme, hhayi izilinganiso zetiye elithile. Enye idatha ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
- Isitsha: Ingilazi ekhanyelayo noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
- Inqubo:
- Ukufudumeza isitsha.
- Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
- Umhluzo wokuqala ngemuva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
- Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yomhluzo.
- Thela amanzi futhi.
- Ukuphindaphinda kabili noma kathathu.
9. Ukugcina
Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephepheni elivaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Itiye eliluhlaza lingcono ukuliphuza phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa
Awekho amanani etiye elenziwe emithonjeni etholakele. Ngokushicilelwa ngo-2025, imiqotho yasentwasahlobo yaqale ngo-50, yabe seyifinyelela ku-100 yuan nge-jin; ukushicilelwa kukubiza ngokuphindeka kabili kwentengo yangaphambilini.
- Indlela yokugwema ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu lwezolimo lwesifunda.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezingavuthiwe zivela esigodini saseQingjiang eChangyang, ezigodini eziyi-18 zendawo, hhayi nje esifundeni.
- Iqabunga elomile liyimicu emincane egobile eluhlaza njenge-emerald enoboya, umhluzo uluhlaza othembile.
11. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo
- Indawo yeQuxī Lǜchá ichazwa ngesigodi: umfula kanye nogu lwaseQingjiang, hhayi izigodi namadolobhana wonke.
- Itiye lapha lakhethwa ngenxa yesiqiwi: isigodi saba umnyombo wendawo evikelwe ngo-2010, futhi kwakudingeka umsebenzi ongalimazi imvelo.
- Incazelo yophawu ikhuluma ngokukhethekile ngomanyolo: umquba, utshani nezitshalo zomanyolo oluhlaza.
- Ngokombiko ka-2025, imiqotho yasentwasahlobo esigodini yayithengiswa ngo-50–100 yuan nge-jin, okuphindwe kabili kunangaphambilini.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye
- Wufeng Maojian (五峰毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esingumakhelwane iWufeng esifundeni esifanayo saseYichang, elinomlando omude obhalwe phansi; iQuxī Lǜchá ayinazo izinsuku zomlando emithonjeni etholakele, futhi amasimu esigodi akhula ngemuva kuka-2010.
- Dengcun Lücha (邓村绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni eziphakeme lesifunda saseYichang eduze kweziqiwi ezintathu.
- Xingshan Baicha (兴山白茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lohlobo lwamaqabunga akhanyayo lwesifunda saseYichang, elifakwe ohlwini olufanayo lweCNIPA lwango-2025.
- Yihong Gongfu (宜红工夫): Itiye elibomvu laseYichang; isifunda saseChangyang sifakiwe endaweni yaso yomlando.
Ekuphetheni:
IQuxī Lǜchá itiye eliluhlaza, igama laso lihlobene nomfula: indawo ichazwa ngesigodi saseQingjiang nomfula iQuxī, futhi imboni ngokwayo yakhula ngemuva kokuba isigodi saba umnyombo wesiqiwi. Imibhalo ikunikeza okuncane ngaye, kodwa ngokuqondile: izigodi eziyi-18, izixhumanisi, ukubukeka kanye namazinga ama-polyphenol nama-amino acid. Umlando, izinhlobo nokuphakama akukho kuyo, futhi akufanele kuqanjwe.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo