Dúshān Gāozhài chá

I-Dushan Gaozhai Cha (Dúshān Gāozhài chá, 独山高寨茶) — “itiye laseGaozhai laseDushan”, itiye lesifunda saseDushan (独山县) eQiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture eningizimu yeGuizhou. Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ilibeka eqenjini le “matiye amathathu adumile aseQiannan” eduze kwamaojian waseDuyun kanye ne-yunwu yaseGuiding. Izidingo zokuvikelwa zango-2025 zichaza ukucubungula ngohlelo lwetiye elibomvu — ukuvutshelwa, ukusongwa, ukuvutshelwa kanye nokomiswa — kanye nokubukeka okuhambisana nalo: iqabunga elincane elisontekile elinoboya, iphunga elimnandi elihlala isikhathi eside, ukumnika okusawolintshi-kubomvu. Igama livikelwa njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onesibonakaliso sezindawo futhi ngokwesimemezelo seNational Intellectual Property Administration No. 646 (2025).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá) — ngokobuchwepheshe. Izidingo zokuvikelwa azisebenzisi igama elithi “elibomvu”, kodwa zichaza uchungechunge lwalo: ukuvutshelwa (萎凋), ukusongwa ngomshini, ukuvutshelwa (发酵), ukoma. Ukumnika okusawolintshi-kubomvu nephunga elimnandi kulezo zidingo kuyavumelana nalokhu.
Isigaba: Itiye lesifunda elinesibonakaliso sezindawo; ohlelweni lwemikhiqizo yesifunda — “umkhiqizo okhethekile wesifunda” ngaphansi komkhiqizo omkhulu weDuyun Maojian.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州, Guìzhōu), i-Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (黔南, Qiánnán), isifunda saseDushan (独山, Dúshān).
Indawo yokuvikelwa: Ngokwezidingo zango-2025 — amadolobhana ayisishiyagalombili esifunda: iBaiquan (百泉镇), iMawan (麻万镇), iShangsi (上司镇), iXiasi (下司镇), iJichang (基长镇), iYushui (玉水镇), iYingshan (影山镇) kanye neMawei (麻尾镇), isewonke imizana engama-64 yokuphatha. Amaphuzu aqhele kakhulu — idolobhana laseHeli ledolobha laseYushui empumalanga, iXintong yedolobha laseXiasi entshonalanga, iSiting yedolobha laseMawei eningizimu kanye neWengqi yedolobha laseYingshan enyakatho. I-portal yezibonakaliso zendawo ekhadini lomkhiqizo ibhala ngokuhlukile — “yonke indawo yamanje yesifunda”; umehluko emithonjeni etholakele awuchaziwe.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 107°41′–107°55′ E, 25°04′–25°31′ N.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Igama elidala. I-People’s Daily kuhlelo lwaseGuizhou (Ephreli 2020) ibhala ukuthi itiye laseGaozhai laziwa ngokuma kwalo okuyingqayizivele, ikhwalithi yangaphakathi kanye nomlando omude futhi kanye ne-Duyun Maojian (都匀毛尖) kanye ne-Guidng Yunwu (贵定云雾茶) libizwa ngokuthi “amatiye amathathu adumile aseQiannan” (黔南三大名茶). Uhlelo lwango-2024 lukhuluma nge “独山高寨贡茶” — “itiye lentela laseGaozhai” — kanye ne “独山沟山茶” njengemikhiqizo enomlando omude. Izinsuku, imibhalo noma imibhalo ngentela emithonjeni etholakele ayikho, futhi abalisho isigaba setiye elidala laseGaozhai.
- Isibonakaliso sezolimo. Itiye libhaliswe njengomkhiqizo wezolimo onesibonakaliso sezindawo; i-portal yezibonakaliso inikeza inombolo yesitifiketi AGI03049. Unyaka wokubhaliswa emithonjeni etholakele awukho.
- 2024. I-Central People’s Radio ichaza uhlelo lwemikhiqizo yesifunda emazingeni amathathu: i-Duyun Maojian njengomkhiqizo “ongumama”, i-Dushan Gaozhai Cha njengomkhiqizo okhethekile wesifunda onesibonakaliso sezolimo kanye nemikhiqizo yezinkampani ngazinye. Ngawo lowo nyaka umnyango wezolimo wesifunda wabiza i “沟山茶” ne “高寨茶” ngemikhiqizo yesifunda ehlela ukuyikhuthaza emibukisweni nasemikhosini.
- 2025. Ngesimemezelo seNational Intellectual Property Administration No. 646 sangoSepthemba 23, 2025, itiye laqashelwa njengomkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sezindawo. Umfakisicelo ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa — isiteshi somnotho wasemakhaya ngaphansi komnyango wezolimo wesifunda.
Igama: “Dushan” (独山) — igama lesifunda; “Gaozhai” (高寨) ngokwezwi nezwi lisho “umuzi ophakeme”. Igama elihlobene nani ngqo, emithonjeni etholakele akushiwongo.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: NgokweCentral People’s Radio (2024), esifundeni kune-136.7 izinkulungwane ze-mu zezingadi zetiye, kuzo izinkulungwane eziyi-113 ze-mu ziyathela, kanti izinkulungwane eziyisi-6 ze-mu zinesitifiketi se-organic; inani lemikhiqizo yetiye ngo-2023 — ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-793.6. I-People’s Daily (2024) ibiza ukukhiqizwa okungamathani angama-4886 kanye nezinkampani zetiye ezibhalisiwe eziyi-163 kanye nama-cooperative. Lezi yizinombolo zetiye lesifunda sonke, hhayi ezikaGaozhai.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa: Engxenyeni ethi “uhlobo” umqulu uphinda igama lomkhiqizo — “独山高寨茶”. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lena inani lendawo noma uhlobo olukhethiwe, izidingo azichazi.
Ukusakazeka: Ngama-cuttings; ukutshala ngenkathi yezimvula, kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuFebhuwari, izitshalo ezingama-37 500–60 000 ngehektha, emugqeni owodwa ngesihlahla esisodwa noma emigqeni emibili ngezihlahla ezimbili.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Iqabunga elilodwa elivulekile kancane, amabili avulekile kancane, amabili, amathathu noma amane amaqabunga, kanye namaqabunga amabili angenalo ihlumela (对夹叶) anobumnene obufanayo.
Isikhathi sokuvuna: Kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Umongo wesifunda: Imibiko yango-2024 ibiza uhlobo lwe-福云六号 (Fúyún liù hào) kanye ne-anji baicha (安吉白茶) emasimini esifunda; ayihlobene nezinto zokusetshenziswa zalesi sibonakaliso.

4. Indawo kanye nezici zokutshala

Isifunda: INingizimu yeGuizhou. I-People’s Daily (2024) ichaza isifunda njengoshintsho olusuka eYunnan-Guizhou Plateau luya emagqumeni aseGuangxi.
Ukuphakama: Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa — kusukela ku-850 m.
Inhlabathi: I-yellow noma i-yellow-brown, i-pH 5.0–7.0, i-organic ingekho ngaphansi kuka-1.0 %, ungqimba lwenhlabathi lungaphansi kuka-40 cm.
Isimo sezulu ngokwezidingo: Amahora okukhanya kwelanga — 1100–1300 ngonyaka; izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi — 15 °C, ubukhulu obuphelele — 35.5 °C, ubuncane — -4.0 °C; imvula — cishe 1430 mm; isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — izinsuku ezingama-297.
Amanzi: Izidingo ziwabiza ngokuthi ahlanzekile, angenambala, angenaphunga futhi angenakunambitheka.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Izidingo zokuvikelwa zango-2025 zinikeza lolu chungechunge:

Ukuvutshelwa (萎凋, wěidiāo): Embhalweni kukhona iphutha lokubhala elithi “萎调”. Amapharamitha awanikeziwe.
Ukusongwa ngomshini (机揉, jīróu).
Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào): Amapharamitha awanikeziwe.
Ukoma (干燥, gānzào): Ngemuva nje kohlu lwezigaba, umqulu unikeza izindlela, ngokwencazelo ezihlobene nokoma: 125–145 °C, iqabunga lilinganiselwe ngaphandle kokweqa, imizuzu eyi-12–15; bese kuba ukoma kokugcina ngokuphakamisa iphunga ku-90–110 °C, imizuzu engama-30. Uma itiye lisephunga ngotshani, ngakusasa liyashiswa imizuzu eyi-15 ku-90–100 °C.

Ngokujwayelekile lolu uhlelo lwetiye elibomvu: ukuvutshelwa kususa umswakama, ukusongwa kubhubhisa amaseli eqabunga, ukuvutshelwa kuyalwenza lube nobomvu-osawolintshi, ukoma kuqinisa umphumela.

6. Izici ze-organoleptic

Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa zango-2025; kubakaki — amagama omqulu.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imicu eminyene, emincane, esontekile enoboya obubonakalayo (条索紧结纤细卷曲、显毫).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Incazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.
Iphunga lokuphuzwa: Limnandi, licebile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (甜香浓郁持久).
Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile futhi kugcwele (滋味醇厚).
Umbala wokuphuzwa: Osawolintshi-kubomvu, okhanyayo (汤色橙红，明亮).
Iqabunga elingaphansi (iqabunga eliphuziwe): Lilingana futhi likhanyayo (叶底匀亮).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Inkomba	Isidingo sokuvikelwa
Izinto ezikhiphekayo	azikho ngaphansi kuka-34.0 %
Imvuthuluka	azikho ngaphezu kuka-2.0 %
I-cellulose eluhlaza	azikho ngaphezu kuka-15.0 %
Umlotha	azikho ngaphezu kuka-6.0 g ku-100 g

Imininingwane nge-polyphenols, ama-amino acids kanye ne-caffeine emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

8. Ukwenza itiye

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye elibomvu.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: I-gaiwan noma itiye lika-porcelain.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa isitsha.
2. Beka itiye bese uthela amanzi.
3. Ukuphuzwa kokuqala — cishe umzuzu.
4. Ukuphuzwa okuphindaphindiwe ngokwandisa kancane isikhathi.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephepheni eliqinile elingabonakali, endaweni eyomile emnyama ekamelweni lokushisa, kude namaphunga.

10. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo mbumbulu

Imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele ayikho.

Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo mbumbulu:
- Bheka isibonakaliso esikhethekile sendawo kanye nomkhiqizi ovela esifundeni saseDushan.
- Khumbula ukuthi imikhiqizo yesifunda ihamba futhi ngaphansi komkhiqizo omkhulu weDuyun Maojian: igama elilodwa ephepheni alisho uhlobo lwetiye.
- Iqabunga — imicu emincane esontekile enoboya, ukuphuzwa — osawolintshi-kubomvu futhi okhanyayo, iphunga — limnandi.
- Phakathi kwezinkampani zetiye ezihamba phambili zesifunda, imibiko ibiza i-中缦, i-邦朵, i-云山 kanye ne-绿欣, kodwa uhlu lwabavunyelwe ukusebenzisa isibonakaliso emithonjeni etholakele alukho.

11. Amaqiniso athokozisayo

Itiye laseGaozhai lingenela “amatiye amathathu adumile aseQiannan” kanye namabili aluhlaza — i-Duyun Maojian ne-Guidng Yunwu.
Ukuvuna ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa kuhamba izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili — kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Engxenyeni ethi “uhlobo” umqulu uphinda igama letiye ngokwalo.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aseGuizhou

I-Duyun Maojian (都匀毛尖): Itiye eliluhlaza laseDuyun elingumakhelwane kanye nomkhiqizo “ongumama”, okungaphansi kwawo kuhamba nemikhiqizo yaseDushan; elesibili “lamatiye amathathu adumile aseQiannan”.
I-Yunwu Gong Cha (云雾贡茶): Iyunwu yaseGuiding — elesithathu eqenjini, itiye lomlando eliluhlaza lesifunda saseGuiding.
I-Zunyi Hongcha (遵义红茶): Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lasenyakatho yesifundazwe.
I-Puan Hongcha (普安红茶): Itiye elibomvu le-Qianxinan prefecture eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGuizhou.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Dushan Gaozhai Cha — itiye lesifunda laseningizimu yeGuizhou elinegama elidala elivela “eqenjini laseQiannan” kanye nencazelo entsha, eningiliziwe ezidingweni zokuvikelwa zango-2025: ukuvutshelwa, ukusongwa, ukuvutshelwa, iqabunga elincane elisontekile elinoboya kanye nokuphuzwa okusawolintshi-kubomvu okumnandi. Umlando walo waziwa okwamanje kuphela ngamagama ajwayelekile, kodwa ukubukeka kwawo nemithetho yokutshala kubhalwe ngokunembile.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №646

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo