Tángyá chá

Tángyá Chá (Tángyá chá, 唐崖茶) ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa m’boma la Xianfeng (咸丰县) m’chigawo chodzilamulira cha Enshi-Tujia-Miao kum’mwera chakumadzulo kwa chigawo cha Hubei. Dzina lake linachokera ku chigwa cha mtsinje wa Tangyahe (唐崖河), kumene kuli minda yambiri, ndi mabwinja a nyumba ya tusi ya Tangya (唐崖土司城址), malo olowa m’ndandanda wa zolowa za dziko lonse. Pansi pa dzina lotetezedwa pali magulu awiri: tiyi wa masamba oyera wochokera ku mtundu 白叶一号 ndi tiyi wamba wobiriwira; “woyera” pano ndi mtundu wa tsamba la masika, osati gulu. Kuyambira 2020 dzina limatetezedwa monga chizindikiro cha geographical indication chaulimi, ndipo kuyambira 2025 monga product yokhala ndi geographical indication.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

• Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá). Zofunika pa chitetezo zimapereka kufotokoza kumodzi kwa maonekedwe: tsamba lobiriwira la emerald looneka ngati singano, ndi magulu awiri a mfundo: la tiyi wa masamba oyera (白叶茶, báiyèchá) ndi la tiyi wobiriwira.
• Msampha wa dzina: “唐崖白茶” si tiyi woyera malinga ndi gulu. Kufotokoza kwa 2021 pa tsamba la Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Zinthu Zakumidzi kumati tiyi wochokera ku 白叶一号 ndi wobiriwira, ndipo nyuzipepala ya “Hubei Daily” (2024) imati tiyi woyera wa Xianfeng ndi mtundu wosintha ndi kutentha wa tiyi wobiriwira; nkhani yofanana ndi ya Anji Bai Cha.
• Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wa mapiri a Wulingshan ndi chizindikiro cha boma la Xianfeng. Malinga ndi kufotokoza pa tsamba la unduna, pansi pa chizindikiro cha “唐崖” palinso tiyi wofiira, oolong, tiyi wakuda, ndi “white tea wa dzuwa” (晒白茶), zomwe ndi mizere ya chizindikiro, osati mbiri ya chitetezo.
• Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hubei (湖北, Húběi), chigawo chodzilamulira cha Enshi-Tujia-Miao (恩施, Ēnshī), boma la Xianfeng (咸丰, Xiánfēng).
• Malo otetezedwa: Matauni a Gaoleshan (高乐山镇), Qingping (清坪镇), Tangya (唐崖镇), Qujiang (曲江镇), Pingbaying (坪坝营镇) ndi Chaoyangsi (朝阳寺镇), matauni ang’onoang’ono a Huolongping (活龙坪乡), Xiaocun (小村乡) ndi Huangjindong (黄金洞乡), dera la Dalu Dam (大路坝区工委). Wopempha ndi bungwe la tiyi la boma la Xianfeng (咸丰县茶叶协会).
• Ma coordinates a geographical: 108°43′33,09″–109°0′9,89″ E, 29°19′28″–30°2′54″ N.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

• Mbiri:
  • Zolemba zakale za dera. Kufotokoza pa tsamba la unduna kumayambitsa ulimi wa tiyi ku Xianfeng kuyambira nthawi ya Three Kingdoms ndipo kumagwira mawu a “Zolemba za Mayiko a Jingzhou” (《荆州土地记》): m’maboma onse asanu ndi awiri a Wuling muli tiyi, ndipo ndi wabwino kwambiri. Buku la Ming “Shiwu ganzhu” (《事物绀珠》) limatchula tiyi wa dera la Shizhou (施州), kumene kunali Xianfeng, pakati pa tiyi 96 otchuka. Zolemba izi zimalankhula za dera, osati za Tángyá Chá.
  • Tusi. Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya “Nongmin Daily” (2021), kupanga tiyi kunkakonzedwa ndi a tusi, ndipo njira khumi ndi zitatu zakale za tiyi ndi mchere zinkatulutsa tiyi ndikuloŵetsa mchere. Mabwinja a nyumba ya tusi ya Tangya kuyambira 2015 ali mbali ya malo olowa m’ndandanda wa zolowa za dziko lonse “Mabwinja a Nyumba za Tusi”. Malinga ndi Chinese Wikipedia, ulamuliro wa banja la Qin (覃) unalipo kuyambira 1346 mpaka 1735, mibadwo khumi ndi isanu ndi umodzi kwa zaka 389, ndipo unatha pamene deralo linasinthidwa kukhala pansi pa ulamuliro wachindunji (改土归流, gǎitǔ guīliú). Magazini ya “Agricultural Products Market” (2022) imati pa mtsinje wa Tangyahe panali maulamuliro atatu a tusi: Tangya, Longtan ndi Jindong, ndipo tiyi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati msonkho kwa mfumu komanso ngati katundu wosinthanitsa ndi mchere ndi akavalo ankhondo.
  • 2014. Boma linayamba kuŵerenga mtundu wa masamba oyera 白叶一号 mokulira.
  • 2018. Dongosolo linakonzedwa la chitukuko cha chizindikiro cha dera “唐崖茶”; kasamalidwe ka chizindikiro anapatsidwa bungwe la tiyi la boma.
  • 2019. Miyezo ya gulu inatulutsidwa ya “唐崖白茶”, “唐崖绿茶” ndi “唐崖红茶”, yofanana pa magawo ndi katundu. Pa September 26 dzinalo linadutsa kafukufuku wa Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Zinthu Zakumidzi, ndipo pa December 25 linalowa m’ndandanda wokambirana pagulu.
  • 2020. Pa April 30, satifiketi ya geographical indication yaulimi (nambala AGI02943). Mu April msika wa tiyi wa Tangya unatsegulidwa.
  • 2021. Chizindikiro cha “唐崖” chinaperekedwa kuti chivomerezedwe ngati chizindikiro chodziwika bwino ku China konse; zotsatira sizinafotokozedwe m’magwero opezeka. M’chaka chomwecho, malinga ndi magazini ya “Agricultural Products Market”, boma linalowa m’maboma khumi ndi limodzi oyambirira omwe unduna unawathandiza kumanga zizindikiro zaulimi.
  • 2025. Mwa chilengezo № 640 cha pa July 16, 2025 (chofalitsidwa pa August 13), State Intellectual Property Office inavomereza “唐崖茶” ngati product yokhala ndi geographical indication.
• Dzina: 唐崖 ndi mtsinje wa Tangyahe ndi ulamuliro wa tusi wa Tangya; 茶 ndi tiyi.
• Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Chizindikiro chimamangidwa pa cholowa cha a tusi; zambiri za tiyi wa a tusi m’magwero opezeka ndi zochokera m’zofalitsa zamakono, zolemba zoyambirira palibe. Magazini ya “Agricultural Products Market” imagwirizanitsa tiyi ndi “supu ya tiyi yamafuta” ya a Tujia (油茶汤, yóuchátāng): tsamba limakazingidwa m’mafuta otentha mpaka liume ndipo limathiridwa pamodzi ndi chimanga chokazinga, mpunga, tofu, sesame, mtedza ndi mtedza wa greek. Malinga ndi nthano yomwe magazini imafotokoza, a tusi a Tangya ankamwetsa asilikali supu iyi pamaso pa ulendo. Apo amakumbukiranso nyimbo ya Enshi “Zikumwa Zisanu ndi Chimodzi za Tiyi” (六口茶).

3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

• Mitundu / Cultivars: Malinga ndi zofunika pa chitetezo: 龙井43 (Lóngjǐng 43), 槠叶齐 (Zhūyèqí), 白叶一号 (Báiyè 1) ndi zina.
• Mtundu wa masamba oyera: Malinga ndi kufotokoza pa tsamba la unduna, tsamba la 白叶一号 limakhala loyera pamene kutentha kuli pansi pa 23 °C, ndipo pamene kukutentha kuyera kumatha kokha; choncho maonekedwe amasonyeza kuti tiyi ndi wa masika. “Hubei Daily” (2024) imatchula nthawi ina, 19 mpaka 23 °C: m’nthawi imeneyi mphukira ndi zoyera zokhala ndi mitsempha ya emerald, pamwamba ndi pansi pake tsamba limakhala lobiriwira. Kusiyana kumeneku kwatsala. Malinga ndi deta ya boma, pofika kumapeto kwa 2022 panali ma mu 145,000 a tiyi wa masamba oyera (51.2 % ya minda ya boma), ndipo 龙井43 panali ma mu 30,000.
• Mitundu yochokera m’zigawo zina: Malinga ndi zofalitsa pa portal ya “Pengpai”, m’boma mwake ndalama zinaikidwa ndi makampani a tiyi ochokera ku Taiwan ndi Fujian, ndipo apa mitundu ndi njira zopangira za Hubei, Fujian ndi Taiwan zinalumikizana. Mayina a mitundu sakufotokozedwa m’zofalitsa.
• Kukolola: Malinga ndi zofunika: malinga ndi muyezo, m’magulu, kambiri, kusiya masamba; kutolera kokha masamba awiri ofanana (对夹叶) ofanana ndi kukhwima komweko.
• Nthawi yokolola: Malinga ndi kufotokoza pa tsamba la unduna, tiyi amagulitsidwa kuyambira pa 20 March mpaka June.

4. Malo ndi Zochitika za Kulima

• Dera: Malinga ndi kufotokoza pa tsamba la unduna: mkati mwa mapiri a Wulingshan (武陵山), pamalire a Hubei, Chongqing, Hunan ndi Guizhou. Kutalika kwapakati kwa boma ndi pafupifupi 800 m.
• Kutalika kwa kulima: Minda ili makamaka m’zigwa za mtsinje wa Tangyahe pa kutalika pafupifupi 800 m.
• Nyengo: Malinga ndi kufotokoza komweko: nyengo yozizira yofewa ndi yotentha pang’ono, chifunga chambiri ndi dzuwa lochepa: 14 mpaka 16 °C pachaka, 1460 mm mvula, maola 1062 a dzuwa.
• Dothi: Malinga ndi zofunika pa chitetezo: dothi la sandy loam lokhala ndi madzi abwino, wosanjikiza wolimidwa wopitirira 50 cm, organic matter yopitirira 1 %, pH 4.5 mpaka 6.5. Malinga ndi kufotokoza komweko, pofufuza dothi m’mbali ina ya boma anapeza, kupatula selenium, nayenso strontium.
• Kasamalidwe malinga ndi zofunika: Dothi limamasulidwa kanayi: pamaso pa masika, pambuyo pa kukolola kwa masika ndi chilimwe, ndipo mozama pamaso pa dzinja (15 mpaka 25 cm). Pa mu amathira 200 kg wa feteleza wa organic kapena makina, ndi 20 kg wa feteleza wa potaziyamu.
• Kukula: Malinga ndi deta ya boma (2023), minda ndi ma mu 283,000, ndipo zokolola ndi matani 12,600 m’magulu onse. Magazini ya “Agricultural Products Market” (2022) pa dera lomwelo imatchula alimi 149,000 ogwira nawo ntchito, mafakitale 106 okonza, ndi mtengo wapachaka wopitirira 2 biliyoni yuan; satifiketi za organic kapena “green product” zili pa ma mu 120,000, ndipo “selenium tea” pa ma mu 3,200. Ndege yonyamula katundu ya tsiku ndi tsiku imatengera tiyi wa boma ku misika ya kumwera kwa Zhejiang.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Zofunika pa chitetezo sizipereka ukadaulo wa kupanga. Kufotokoza pa tsamba la unduna kumayika “唐崖白茶” m’gulu la tiyi wobiriwira. Pansipa pali ndondomeko yodziwika bwino ya tiyi wobiriwira, osati kufotokoza kwa tiyi umenewu:

1. Kuyala masamba atsopano (摊放, tānfàng).
2. Kukhazikitsa (杀青, shāqīng): Kutentha kumasiya oxidation.
3. Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn).
4. Kuyanika (干燥, gānzào).

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Zofunika pa chitetezo zimafotokoza tsamba louma lokha; zina zonse ndi zochokera ku kufotokoza kwa tiyi wa masamba oyera ndi wobiriwira pa tsamba la unduna (2021).

• Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Malinga ndi zofunika: looneka ngati singano, lopyapyala komanso lolimba, “ngati nkhope”, lobiriwira la emerald, lofanana ndi loyera (外形针状细紧如眉，翠绿匀净). Kufotokoza kwa unduna kwa tiyi wa masamba oyera: “ngati orchid”, la emerald, “ngati yaspi”; kwa wobiriwira: kupota kozungulira kopyapyala, la emerald, lowala ndi ndi ubweya.
• Kununkhira kwa tsamba louma: Palibe kufotokoza m’magwero opezeka.
• Kununkhira kwa infusion: Wa masamba oyera: wofewa, wapamwamba ndi wokhalitsa (嫩香高悦持久); wobiriwira: wofewa wa chestnut, wapamwamba ndi wautali (嫩栗香高长).
• Kukoma: Wa masamba oyera: kwatsopano, kofewa, kotsekemera ndi kosangalatsa (鲜醇甘爽); wobiriwira: kwatsopano, kofewa, ndi kubwezera kotsekemera (鲜醇爽口回甘).
• Mtundu wa infusion: Wa masamba oyera: wowala komanso wowala bwino (清澈明亮); wobiriwira: wobiriwira wofewa ndi wowala (嫩绿明亮).
• Tsamba pansi (tsamba lothiridwa): Wa masamba oyera: “maluwa” ofewa ofanana, tsamba loyera, mitsempha ya emerald (叶白脉翠); wobiriwira: lopyapyala, lofewa, la emerald ndi lowala.

7. Kapangidwe ka Chemical

Zofunika pa chitetezo za 2025:

Chizindikiro	Tiyi wa masamba oyera	Tiyi wobiriwira
Tea polyphenols	osachepera 11 %	osachepera 11 %
Zinthu zosungunuka m’madzi	osachepera 36 %	osachepera 36 %
Ma amino acid aulere (monga glutamic acid)	osachepera 5 %	sakuyesedwa
Chinyezi	osapitirira 6,5 %	osapitirira 6,5 %

Kufotokoza kwa 2021 pa tsamba la unduna kumapereka osachepera 40 % ya zinthu zosungunuka m’magulu onse awiri; m’zofunika za 2025 ndi 36 %. M’ndime yokhudza chigawo cha Enshi, komweko kumatchula kuchuluka kwapakati kwa selenium mu tiyi 1,068 mg/kg, popanda njira ndi zitsanzo; mfundo za thanzi sizikuchokera pano.

8. Kuthira

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tiyi wobiriwira: 80 mpaka 85 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan, kuthira koyamba masekondi 40 mpaka 60, kuthiranso kawiri kapena katatu.

Kufotokoza pa tsamba la unduna kumalangiza kuchuluka kwa tiyi ndi madzi 1 pa 50, kuthira kwa mphindi 2 mpaka 3 mu kapu yadothi yopanda chivundikiro; tsamba loyamba linyowetsedwe ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a madzi.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu. M’katundu wotsekedwa, m’firiji, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Kufotokoza pa tsamba la unduna kumalangiza kumwa tiyi wotere mwamsanga ndi kusunga m’firiji yapadera ya tiyi: pa 2 mpaka 8 °C, mpaka masiku 90; popanda kuzizira pa 8 mpaka 20 °C, pafupifupi masiku 60.

10. Mtengo ndi Zinthu Zonyenga

Palibe deta ya mitengo m’magwero opezeka.

• Momwe mungapewere zonyenga:
  • Fufuzani chizindikiro cha product yokhala ndi geographical indication kapena chizindikiro cha geographical indication yaulimi.
  • Onetsetsani kuti tiyi wapangidwa m’gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a boma la Xianfeng.
  • Kumbukirani kuti “唐崖白茶” m’gulu lake ndi wobiriwira.
  • Musatenge mizere ina ya chizindikiro cha “唐崖” ngati mbiri yotetezedwa: tiyi wofiira, oolong, wakuda ndi “white tea wa dzuwa” sizinafotokozedwe ndi zofunika pa chitetezo.

11. Mfundo Zosangalatsa

• Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa unduna, tsamba la 白叶一号 limakhala loyera pa kutentha pansi pa 23 °C ndipo limakhala lobiriwira pamene kutentha, kotero kuyera kumadzisonyeza kokha kuti ndi kukolola kwa masika.
• Boma liri ndi maudindo a “maboma zana abwino kwambiri a tiyi ku China”, “boma lalikulu lopanga tiyi la dziko” ndi “boma lachitsanzo la chitukuko cha white tea ku China”, ndipo zofalitsa pa portal ya “Pengpai” zimati ndi “boma loyamba la Hubei pa oolong”, ndi malo a white tea a ma mu 3,000.
• Mizere ya chizindikiro imatchulidwa ndi mtundu: “崖绿”, “崖白”, “崖黑” ndi “崖红”, zomwe ndi “cliff” yobiriwira, yoyera, yakuda ndi yofiira; momwemo zimalembedwera.
• Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa unduna, pansi pa chizindikiro cha “唐崖” amagulitsanso zakumwa zomwe si za tiyi: “藤茶” yochokera ku mpesa wa banja la vitaceae ndi “老鹰红” yochokera ku masamba a chomera cha banja la lauraceae.

12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ina

• Anji Bai Cha (安吉白茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa Zhejiang wochokera ku mtundu womwewo 白叶一号 komanso ndi msampha womwewo wa dzina.
• Enshi Yu Lu (恩施玉露): Tiyi wobiriwira wokhazikitsidwa ndi nthunzi kuchokera m’chigawo chomwecho chodzilamulira.
• Hefeng Chá (鹤峰茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa boma la Hefeng m’chigawo chomwecho.
• Enshi Xi Cha (恩施硒茶): Chizindikiro cha ambulera ya chigawo, ndipo m’ndandanda wake muli Tángyá Chá.

Pomaliza:

Tángyá Chá ndi tiyi wobiriwira wa boma la Xianfeng, wotchulidwa ndi mtsinje wa Tangyahe ndi ulamuliro wa tusi wa Tangya. Mbali yake yaikulu ndi mtundu wa masamba oyera 白叶一号, omwe tsamba lawo la masika limakhala loyera pakuzizira; m’gulu lake tiyi wotere amakhalabe wobiriwira. Zofunika pa chitetezo zimafotokoza mwachidule: tsamba lobiriwira la emerald looneka ngati singano ndi magulu awiri a mfundo, ndipo kufotokoza pa tsamba la unduna kumawonjezera kununkhira kofewa kwapamwamba ndi tsamba loyera lokhala ndi mitsempha ya emerald.

Magwero

Chizindikiro cha malo

• CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero