Qīfó gòngchá

I-Cifuo Gongcha (Qīfó gòngchá, 七佛贡茶) itiye lase-Cifuo Township, e-Qingchuan County (青川县), e-Gu-angyuan City, enyakatho ye-Sichuan Province, emngceleni we-Gansu. Igama lakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: “Cifuo” kusho “ama-Buddha ayisikhombisa,” igama lelokalishi, “gongcha” kusho itiye lenkantolo yasebukhosini. Izingadi ziphakeme ukusuka ku-580 kuya ku-2100 m. Kusukela ngo-2008, itiye livikelwe njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokwenza amakhekhe etiye alo bufakwe ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angaphatheki.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Akunqunyiwe: emibhalweni etholakalayo yokuvikela, isigaba asishiwongo. Ukubukeka ngokwezincazelo eziyinkomba, umbala ophuzi noluhlaza, iphunga le-orchid noma le-chestnut, kuvamile etiyeni eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), kodwa isigaba asiqinisekiswanga lapha. Ngaphandle kwetiye elinamaqabunga, ngaphansi kwaleli gama kwaziwa isiko lamakhekhe etiye acindezelwe.
• Isigaba: Itiye lasentabeni laseNyakatho ye-Sichuan; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2008), uphawu lokuhweba olwaziwayo lwaseChina (中国驰名商标).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, i-Sichuan Province (四川, Sìchuān), i-Gu-angyuan City (广元, Guǎngyuán), i-Qingchuan County (青川县, Qīngchuān Xiàn), i-Cifuo Township (七佛乡). Ngokwesimemezelo esidala, indawo yokuvikela yayihlanganisa amadolobhana namalokalishi angamashumi amathathu nambili esifunda; uhlu olugcwele aluzange ngilubone emthonjeni wokuqala.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: I-Qingchuan County icishe ibe ngu-32.6° N no-105.2° E; imithombo yendawo ibeka izingadi zakule ndawo “ebhandeni legolide letiye ku-32° enyakatho ye-latitude.”

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Igama. Igama elithi “gongcha” egameni likhombisa intela yasenkantolo, kodwa imibhalo ephathelene nentela evela e-Cifuo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele; izinganekwane zendawo mayelana nayo azidluliselwa esihlokweni.
  • 2008. I-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo No. 52 yavikela i-Cifuo Gongcha njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.
  • Ekupheleni kuka-2022, ngokusho kwedatha yokuphathwa kwemakethe yesifunda, kwakunamabhizinisi etiye angama-26 abhalisiwe esifundeni, kanti ayi-14 kuwo ayenelungelo lokufaka uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo; inani eliphelele lemikhiqizo yabo lalingama-yuan ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane nesithupha. Kwasungulwa nezinga lendawo elithi “Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. I-Cifuo Gongcha. Imithetho yobuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza” (《地理标志产品 七佛贡茶生产技术规程》).
  • 2023. Igama lafakwa ohlwini lwesibili lwezimpawu ezivikelwa ngokuhlanganyela yi-Sichuan ne-Chongqing; lisuka eGu-angyuan, okuwukuphela kwalo.
  • 2024. Ngokwesilinganiso esicashunwe ngabaphathi bezemakethe baseGu-angyuan, inani lohlobo lwaba ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili namakhulu amabili namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesikhombisa, indawo yesikhombisa eSichuan.
  • 2025. Ngomhla ka-9 Meyi, emicimbini yaseSichuan yoSuku Lwezimpawu ZaseChina e-Chengdu, itiye lafakwa eqenjini lokuqala lohlelo lwaseSichuan lwe-”一县一品”, okusho ukuthi “isifunda esisodwa, umkhiqizo owodwa.”
• Igama:
  • “Cifuo” (七佛) kusho “ama-Buddha ayisikhombisa”, igama lelokalishi. Umvelaphi wegama awuchazwanga emithonjeni engiyivulile.
  • “Gongcha” (贡茶, gòngchá) kusho “itiye lenkantolo yasebukhosini.”
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza amakhekhe etiye e-Cifuo Gongcha bufakwe ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezinto ezimele amagugu angaphatheki e-Sichuan. Itiye liphinde libe nesiqu esithi “中华文化名茶”, okusho ukuthi “itiye elidumile lamasiko aseChina.”

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

• I-Hlar / Cultivar: Akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
• Ukuvuna: Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Alizange lishiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.
• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Imvelaphi evela endaweni yokuvikela.

4. I-Terroir kanye nezici zokutshala

• Isifunda: I-Qingchuan iyisifunda esinezintaba emngceleni we-Sichuan ne-Gansu.
• Ukuphakama kokukhula: Kusukela ku-580 kuya ku-2100 m, ngokwesilinganiso cishe ku-800 m.
• Inhlabathi: Ayikho idatha etholakala emithonjeni etholakele.
• Isimo sezulu: Ayikho idatha elinganiselwe etholakala emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe betiye elinamaqabunga abuchazwanga emithonjeni etholakele. Izinga lendawo lokukhiqiza likhona, kodwa umbhalo walo angiwubonanga, ngakho-ke uhlelo lwesigaba alidluliselwanga lapha.

Isiko elihlukile, amakhekhe etiye acindezelwe (茶饼): ubuchwepheshe bokuwenza bufakwe ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angaphatheki e-Sichuan. Ukuthi enziwa kanjani ngempela, akushiwongo emithonjeni etholakele.

6. Izici ze-Organoleptic

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni eqinisekisiwe.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Akukho ncazelo ehlukile.
• Iphunga lomuthi wetiye: Ngokwezincazelo eziyinkomba, kunephunga le-orchid noma le-chestnut.
• Ukunambitheka: Ayikho idatha emithonjeni eqinisekisiwe.
• Umbala womuthi wetiye: Ngokwezincazelo eziyinkomba, uphuzi noluhlaza.
• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elenziwe): Ayikho idatha emithonjeni eqinisekisiwe.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho idatha ye-physicochemical etholakala emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza, okuhambisana nokubukeka okuchaziwe.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Shisisa izitsha.
  2. Faka itiye.
  3. Thela amanzi amancane bese uvumela iqabunga livuleke imizuzwana engama-30-60.
  4. Engeza amanzi; ukuphisa kokuqala, imizuzu eyi-1-2.
  5. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yomuthi wetiye.
  6. Ukuphisa okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.

Kumakhekhe etiye acindezelwe, lezi zilinganiso azisebenzi: indlela yokuphisa incike ekutheni ikhekhe lenziwe kanjani.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Kungcono ukuphuza itiye elinamaqabunga phakathi nesizini yalo.

10. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi

Ayikho idatha ephathelene nentengo etholakala emithonjeni etholakele.

• Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
  • Bheka uphawu olukhethekile lwendawo.
  • Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela e-Qingchuan County futhi uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa uphawu: ngokusho kwedatha yesifunda ekupheleni kuka-2022, amabhizinisi anjalo ayeyi-14.
  • Khumbula ukuthi igama elithi “贡茶” livela emagameni amatiye amaningi; okuvikelwe igama eliphelele elithi “七佛贡茶”.

11. Amaqiniso athokozisayo

• Isizini yokuvuna iqala ngoMashi kuze kube nguSepthemba.
• Ubuchwepheshe bamakhekhe etiye e-Cifuo Gongcha buyigugu lesifundazwe elingaphatheki e-Sichuan.
• Ohlwini oluhlanganyelwe lokuvikela lwe-Sichuan ne-Chongqing lwango-2023, i-Cifuo Gongcha iwukuphela kophawu olusuka eGu-angyuan.
• Ngokwesilinganiso sango-2024, inani lohlobo lwaba ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili namakhulu amabili namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesikhombisa, indawo yesikhombisa esifundazweni.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aseSichuan

• I-Emei Zhuyeqing (峨眉竹叶青): Itiye eliluhlaza laseSichuan elidumile laseNtabeni i-Emei.
• I-Mengding Gan Lu (蒙顶甘露): Itiye eliluhlaza elisontiwe laseNtabeni i-Mengdingshan, elinye lamatiye amadala kunawo wonke aseChina.
• I-Gu-angyuan Huangcha (广元黄茶): Itiye eliluhlaza elivela ezinhlotsheni ezinamaqabunga aphuzi zesifunda esifanayo saseGu-angyuan; igama elithi “phuzi” egameni lisho umbala weqabunga, hhayi isigaba.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Cifuo Gongcha itiye lasentabeni laseNyakatho yeSichuan, igama lalo lithembisa umlando wasenkantolo, kodwa imibhalo iqinisekisa okunye: ukuvikelwa komkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo kusukela ngo-2008, ukuphakama kwezingadi kusuka ku-580 kuya ku-2100 m, isizini ende yokuvuna kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba, kanye negugu lesifundazwe, ubuchwepheshe bamakhekhe etiye. Mayelana nesigaba, ubuchwepheshe nokubukeka kwetiye elinamaqabunga, imithombo etholakele isho okuncane; izincazelo eziyinkomba ziphawula umbala ophuzi noluhlaza kanye nephunga le-orchid noma le-chestnut.