Wēnzhōu zǎochá · thetea.app

Wenzhou Zaocha (Wēnzhōu zǎochá, 温州早茶) — “tiyi yoyamba ya Wenzhou”, tiyi wobiriwira wa chigawo chonse cha mzinda wa Wenzhou kumwera kwa chigawo cha Zhejiang. Dzinali limachokera pa nthawi yotuta: malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa kaundula, kuno amayamba kututa pakati pa February, ndipo tiyi amatchedwa “tiyi woyamba wa Zhejiang” (浙江茶叶第一早). Kuyambira 2020 dzinali ndi chizindikiro cha malo aulimi, choyamba kwa tiyi ku Zhejiang pa mulingo wa chigawo cha mzinda, ndipo kuyambira 2025 ndi mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo m’mitundu iwiri, yopindika ndi yosalala. Dzinali limagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mtundu wa mzinda wokhala ndi zizindikiro za maboma osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Tiyi wobiriwira (绿茶, lǜchá), wosapangidwa fermentation. Mizere yonse iwiri muzofunikira za chitetezo imakhala ndi kukhazikika (杀青), popanda kutenthetsa pang’onopang’ono kapena okosijeni.
Msampha wa dzina: “温州早茶” ndinso mtundu wa anthu onse wa chigawocho potsata mfundo ya “boma limodzi — mtundu umodzi” (一县一品). Malinga ndi uthenga wa ofesi ya zaulimi ya mzinda (2026), pansi pake pali mitundu isanu ndi itatu: 泰顺三杯香, 平阳黄汤, 永嘉乌牛早, 乐清雁荡毛峰, 苍南翠龙, 文成贡茶, 瑞安清明早 ndi 瓯海黄叶早. Pingyang Huangtang (平阳黄汤) mwa iwo ndi tiyi wachikasu. Mtunduwo ndi wokulirapo kuposa gulu; mankhwala otetezedwa amafotokozedwa ndi zofunikira za chitetezo, ndipoukadaulo mmenemo ndi wa tiyi wobiriwira wokha.
Gulu: Tiyi wobiriwira wa chigawo cha mzinda; chizindikiro cha malo (2020, 2025).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Zhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), mzinda wa Wenzhou (温州, Wēnzhōu).
Malo otetezedwa: Maboma a Lucheng (鹿城区) ndi Ouhai (瓯海区), mizinda ya Yueqing (乐清市) ndi Ruian (瑞安市), maboma a Yongjia (永嘉县), Wencheng (文成县), Pingyang (平阳县), Taishun (泰顺县) ndi Cangnan (苍南县) — malo onse 118.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Nthano. Nkhani za mzinda (2021) zimalemba kuti, malinga ndi nthano, tiyi adayamba kulimidwa kuno m’zaka za Yonghe (永和) za mzera wa Eastern Jin, ndipo amawerengera zaka zoposa 1600 za ulimi wa tiyi; ofesi ya zaulimi mu 2026 ikubwereza chiwerengerochi. Palibe chikalata cha nthawi imeneyo m’magwero omwe tapeza.
- Okutobala 2019. Malinga ndi uthenga wa 25 Okutobala, pempho linali litangopita kafukufuku wa Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Maphunziro a Kumidzi; ndi ilo Wenzhou anali ndi zizindikiro zisanu ndi ziwiri zaulimi.
- 2020. Kulembetsa ndi chilengezo cha unduna nambala 290 cha 30 April 2020 — m’gulu loyamba la chaka, mankhwala 312 m’dziko lonse; satifiketi AGI02849. Mwini pa nthawi yolembetsa anali siteshoni ya mzinda ya mbewu zapadera (温州市特产站); malinga ndi mndandanda wazosintha, womwe unduna udapereka kuti ukambidwe mu December 2021, pambuyo pa kusintha kwa mabungwe mwiniyo adakhala likulu la mzinda la kufalitsa ukadaulo wa zaulimi (温州市农业技术推广中心). Kanema ya zaulimi ya mzinda imatchula May 2020 ngati tsikulo.
- April 2021. Kuyambira 16 mpaka 18 April ofesi ya zaulimi ya mzinda idachita mpikisano wa akatswiri a tiyi ndi kusankha tiyi wapamwamba m’boma la Taishun; zotsatira zake zidatchula akatswiri khumi abwino kwambiri ndi tiyi khumi wabwino kwambiri wa mzinda (nkhani za mzinda, 2021).
- February 2024. Ku Wenzhou kunachitika msonkhano woyamba wa tiyi wa masika oyambirira (otsogolera — Tea Institute ya China Academy of Agricultural Sciences ndi China Tea Society); academician wa China Academy of Engineering adalimbikitsa kumeneko “kusandutsa tiyi woyamba kukhala tiyi wabwino” (把“早茶”做成“好茶”). Msonkhano udalandira “Wenzhou Declaration on High-quality Development of Chinese Early Spring Tea” (中国早春茶高质量发展温州宣言); mwa njira zake muli muyezo wa gulu wa kupanga ndi kukonza tiyi wa masika oyambirira. Malinga ndi nkhani za chigawo, mzinda ukufuna kuchita msonkhanowu chaka chilichonse.
- Koyambirira kwa 2025. Zhejiang Tea Industry Association (浙江省茶叶产业协会) idapereka kuti ikambidwe pulojekiti ya muyezo wa gulu “温州早茶生产技术规程” — “Malamulo aukadaulo a kupanga Wenzhou Zaocha”; ndemanga zidalandiridwa mpaka 20 February 2025. Palibe nambala kapena tsiku la kuvomerezeka kwa mtundu womaliza m’magwero omwe tapeza.
- 2025. State Intellectual Property Office ndi chilengezo nambala 640 (chosainidwa 16 July, chofalitsidwa 13 August) idavomereza dzinali ngati mankhwala okhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo — mzere 469 m’ndandanda wa mankhwala 1409 — ndipo idavomereza zofunikira za chitetezo. Wopemphayo ndi likulu lomwelo.
Dzina: “Wenzhou” (温州) ndi dzina la chigawo; “zaocha” (早茶) ndi “tiyi woyamba”. Mawuwa amanena za nthawi yotuta, osati za mtundu kapena gulu.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Dzinali limagwira ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha tiyi wonse wa chigawo: mitundu ya maboma imagulitsidwa pansi pa mayina awo, ndipo mtunduwo umawonjezera dzina la mzinda.

3. Kufotokoza kwa Botanical ndi Zopangira

Mitundu: Zofunikira za chitetezo zimatchula 嘉茗1号 (Jiāmíng 1 hào), 平阳特早 (Píngyáng tèzǎo), 清明早 (Qīngmíngzǎo), 黄叶早 (Huángyèzǎo), 智仁早 (Zhìrénzǎo) ndi mitundu ina yoyenera; m’mayina a anayi mwa asanuwo muli “早” — “woyamba”. Mtundu wa 嘉茗1号 mu encyclopedia umafotokozedwa ngati chitsamba chomwecho ndi Wuniu Zao (乌牛早); pa mtundu wa 清明早 pali mtundu wa Ruian Qingmingzao.
Nthawi yotuta: Malinga ndi chikalata — kuyambira kumapeto kwa February mpaka pakati pa May ndi kuyambira koyambirira kwa August mpaka kumapeto kwa September; munda umatsegulidwa pamene tsamba loyamba limatseguka (一芽一叶初展). Kufotokoza kwa kaundula kumatchula koyambirira kwa kututa pakati pa February — koyambirira kuposa chikalata.
Muyezo wa kututa: Kuchokera ku mphukira yokhala ndi tsamba lomwe langotseguka kumene mpaka ku mphukira yokhala ndi masamba atatu; mphukira yonse, yatsopano, yolingana ndi yoyera. Amatuta m’magulu, malinga ndi gulu la tiyi wamtsogolo.
Zofunikira pa zopangira: Kututa kokha “ndi dzanja lokweza” (提手采), popanda tsamba lakale; tsamba limanyamulidwa m’madengu a nsungwi, osalipondereza.

4. Terroir ndi Zokhala za Kulima

Dera: Kumwera kwenikweni kwa Zhejiang, pafupi ndi Nyanja ya East China. Nyengo ndi ya subtropical monsoon.
Nyengo: Kanema ya zaulimi ya mzinda (2025) imafotokoza ndi formula ya “ma 18 atatu”: kutentha kwapakati pachaka 18 °C, mvula 1800 mm ndi maola 1800 a dzuwa pachaka.
Nthaka: Malinga ndi chikalata — nthaka zofiira kapena zachikasu zakuya, pH 4.5–6.5, organic matter yoposa 1.0%.
Kutalika kwa kulima: Palibe deta m’magwero omwe tapeza.
Munda: Pa otsetsereka 15–25° chikalata chimafuna matanthwe a m’lifupi kuyambira 1.5 m.
Kukula: Ziwerengero zimafotokoza tiyi wonse wa chigawo, osati mankhwala otetezedwa okha, ndipo zimasintha chaka ndi chaka:
- pa kafukufuku wa 2019 — 255,000 mu ya minda, 4657 t wa tiyi pachaka ndi 300,000 mu ya malo otetezedwa;
- mchaka cha 2020, malinga ndi nkhani za mzinda, — 234,000 mu ya minda yopanga, 6890 t wa tiyi, mwa iwo 3703 t wa tiyi wapamwamba (名优茶), mtengo wa zokolola zoyambirira — 1.245 biliyoni yuan;
- malinga ndi kanema ya zaulimi ya mzinda (February 2025) — 290,000 mu ya minda, 7678 t wa tiyi, mwa iwo 4143 t wa tiyi wapamwamba; mtengo wa zokolola — 1.523 biliyoni yuan, mwa iwo tiyi wapamwamba — 1.268 biliyoni.

5. Ukadaulo wa Kupanga

Zofunikira za chitetezo zimafotokoza mizere iwiri yokhala ndi magawo — uku ndiko kufotokoza kwa tiyi uyu enieni. Kale zida za kafukufuku wa 2019 zinkafuna kuti mikhalidwe ndi zida zopangira zigwirizane ndi GB/T 32744 “Malamulo a machitidwe abwino a kupanga tiyi” (茶叶加工良好规范).

Tiyi wopindika (卷曲形):

Kuyala (摊青, tānqīng): Mwa magulu, wosanjikiza mpaka 20 cm; kutaya chinyezi — 10–15%.
Kukhazikika (杀青, shāqīng): “Kutentha kwakukulu, koyamba kwakukulu kenako kotsika; tsamba losalimba likhazikitse mozama, lankhanza — mopepuka” (嫩叶老杀，老叶嫩杀). Kuchepa kwa kulemera — pafupifupi 40%.
Kupotoza (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kukakamiza kopepuka — kolimba — kopepuka; ma cell 30–65% awonongeka, 60–80% ya tsamba lapindika mu zingwe.
Kuyanika kwachiwiri (二青, èrqīng): Mphepo yotentha 130–150 °C, wosanjikiza wochepera 2 cm, mphindi 8–12.
Kuyanika kwachitatu (三青, sānqīng): Pafupifupi 120 °C, mpaka chinyezi pafupifupi 20%.
Kuyanitsa (干燥, gānzào): Ndi kuwotcha kapena kuyanika pa 110–120 °C, mpaka chinyezi chochepera 6.5%; kenako kukonza (整理, zhěnglǐ).

Tiyi wosalala (扁形):

Kuyala (摊青, tānqīng): Wosanjikiza mpaka 5 cm; kutaya chinyezi — 10–15%.
Mphika woyamba (青锅, qīngguō): Kukhazikika ndi manja kapena makina malinga ndi lamulo lomwelo; tsamba limayamba kukhala lathyathyathya, chinyezi chimatsika pafupifupi 40%.
Kuwongola (理条, lǐtiáo): Pakagwiritsa ntchito makina — mpaka mphukira yowongoka.
Kupumula (摊凉回潮, tānliáng huícháo): Wosanjikiza mpaka 2 cm pa malata a nsungwi, maola 1–2.
Mphika wonyezimira (辉锅, huīguō): Kamodzi kapena kawiri; kutentha koyamba kwakukulu kenako kotsika, kumapeto 130–150 °C; chinyezi chotuluka — chochepera 6.5%. Kenako kukonza.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Kufotokoza — malinga ndi zofunikira za chitetezo, kwa mitundu iwiri.

Maonekedwe a tsamba louma: Wopindika — zingwe zolimba zopyapyala zobiriwira zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi ubweya wooneka (紧细、翠绿显毫). Wosalala — tsamba lathyathyathya lowongoka, lobiriwira lofewa, lowala bwino (扁平光直、嫩绿鲜润).
Kununkhira kwa tsamba louma: Palibe kufotokoza kwapadera m’magwero omwe tapeza.
Kununkhira kwa madzi a tiyi: Wopindika — wofewa komanso wokhalitsa (嫩香持久); wosalala — wapamwamba komanso wokhalitsa (香高持久).
Kukoma: Wopindika — wofewa, watsopano, wotsekemera komanso wotsitsimula (嫩鲜甘爽); wosalala — watsopano, wofewa, wotsekemera komanso wotsitsimula (鲜醇甘爽).
Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi: Kwa mitundu yonse iwiri — wobiriwira wofewa, wowala (嫩绿明亮).
Pansi pa tiyi (tsamba lotayika): Wofewa, wofanana, amatseguka ngati “duwa” (嫩匀成朵); kwa wosalala komanso wobiriwira wofewa, wowala.

Chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino chikalatacho chimafotokoza mwachidule ndi mawu atatu: “嫩、鲜、甘” — kufewa, kutsopano, kutsekemera.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Zofunikira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala za chitetezo: chinyezi — osapitirira 6.5%, zinyalala ndi fumbi — osapitirira 6.0%, phulusa lonse — osapitirira 6.5%, fiber yosaphika — osapitirira 16.0%, phulusa losasungunuka mu asidi — osapitirira 1.0%. Zinthu zotulutsa zalembedwa ngati “osapitirira 37.0%”, phulusa losungunuka m’madzi — “osapitirira 45.0%”; kwa tiyi oyandikana nawo m’chilengezo chomwecho zinthu zotulutsa zimaperekedwa ndi malire otsika, kotero chizindikirocho mwina ndi cholakwika — ziwerengero zidalembedwa monga momwe zidasindikizidwira. Palibe deta ya catechins, amino acids ndi caffeine m’magwero omwe tapeza.

8. Kupanga Tiyi

Mchitidwe wa gulu la tiyi wobiriwira; palibe malangizo apadera a tiyi uyu m’magwero omwe tapeza.

Kutentha kwa madzi: 80–85 °C.
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi: 3 g pa 150 ml.
Ziwiya: Kapu yayitali yagalasi kapena gaiwan yoyera.
Ndondomeko:
1. Tenthetsa ziwiya.
2. Ikani tiyi ndikutsanulira madzi m’mbali mwa kapu.
3. Mowa woyamba — pambuyo pa masekondi 40–60.
4. Imwani, kusiya gawo limodzi mwa atatu la madzi a tiyi.
5. Onjezerani madzi.
6. Kutsanulira kawiri kapena katatu.

9. Kusunga

Mchitidwe wa gulu. M’paketi yotsekedwa bwino, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo. Tiyi woyamba amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kutsopano — ndi bwino kumwa mkati mwa chaka.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonama

Palibe deta ya mitengo yogulitsa m’magwero omwe tapeza.

Momwe mungapewere zonama:
- Yang’anani chizindikiro cha mankhwala ndi chizindikiro cha malo ndi wopanga kuchokera ku maboma asanu ndi anayi a Wenzhou.
- Werengani dzina la boma: tiyi wa Wenzhou nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa ngati Wuniu Zao, Taishun Sanbeixiang, Cangnan Cuilong; dzina la mzinda sililowa m’malo mwawo.
- Yang’anani maonekedwe: zingwe zobiriwira zokhala ndi ubweya kapena tsamba lathyathyathya lowongoka, madzi a tiyi obiriwira wofewa. Madzi a tiyi achikasu ngati a Pingyang Huangtang amasonyeza tiyi wachikasu.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

“早茶” m’Chitchaina ndinso tiyi wam’mawa wa ku Canton wokhala ndi zakudya, choncho kusaka dzina la tiyi uyu nthawi zambiri kumapereka malo odyera.
Chikalata chimapereka nthawi ziwiri zotuta: ya masika ndi ya kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuyambira August mpaka September.
Uyu ndi tiyi woyamba wa Zhejiang wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha malo pa mulingo wa chigawo cha mzinda.
Nkhani za chigawo zimagwira mawu a komweko: “masika a Jiangnan amayamba ndi kapu ya Wenzhou Zaocha” (江南的春天，从一杯温州早茶开始).

12. Kuyerekeza ndi Tiyi Ena a Wenzhou

Wuniu Zao (乌牛早): Mtundu wa boma la Yongjia ndi mtundu wa thewera loyambirira kwambiri; kuchokera kwa iwo amapanga tiyi wobiriwira komanso wofiira.
Taishun Sanbeixiang (泰顺三杯香): Tiyi wobiriwira wa Taishun, wotchulidwa chifukwa cha fungo lomwe limakhalitsa katatu.
Pingyang Huangtang (平阳黄汤): Tiyi wachikasu wokhala ndi kutenthetsa pang’onopang’ono — sagwirizana ndi zofunikira za chitetezo cha Wenzhou Zaocha.
Ruian Qingmingzao (瑞安清明早): Tiyi wochokera ku mtundu wa 清明早, womwe umatchulidwanso m’mitundu ya Wenzhou Zaocha.

Pomaliza:

Wenzhou Zaocha ndi tiyi wobiriwira, wotchulidwa malinga ndi nthawi yotuta. Amapangidwa m’chigawo chonse kuchokera ku mitundu yoyambirira m’mitundu iwiri — yopindika, yokhala ndi zingwe zobiriwira ndi ubweya, ndi yosalala, yosalala komanso yowongoka, — ndipo zofunikira za chitetezo zimafotokoza khalidwe lake mwachidule ndi mawu atatu: kufewa, kutsopano, kutsekemera. Pamwamba pa tiyi pali mtundu wa mzinda, momwe mulinso tiyi wachikasu, choncho pa paketi muyenera kuwerenga dzina la mzinda ndi dzina la boma.

Magwero

Miyezo

GB/T 32744

Chizindikiro cha malo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Mndandanda wonse — patsamba la Magwero