Wēnzhōu zǎochá · thetea.app

Wenzhou Zaocha (Wēnzhōu zǎochá, 温州早茶) — «itiye lasekuqaleni laseWenzhou», itiye eliluhlaza lawo wonke umasipala wedolobha iWenzhou eningizimu yesifundazwe saseZhejiang. Igama lincike esikhathini sokuvuna: ngokwencazelo eyireferensi, lapha baqala ukuvuna maphakathi noFebhuwari, futhi itiye libizwa ngokuthi «itiye lokuqala lasekuqaleni laseZhejiang» (浙江茶叶第一早). Kusukela ngo-2020 igama — liwuphawu lwendawo lwezolimo, olokuqala etiyeni eZhejiang ezingeni likamasipala wedolobha, kusukela ngo-2025 — lingumkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo lwezinhlobo ezimbili, ezigoqekayo neziyisicaba. Igama elifanayo liphethwe umkhiqizo wedolobha onamamaki ezifunda emabangeni ahlukene.

1. Izigaba kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingagayeliwe. Yomibili imigqa ezidingweni zokuvikelwa — inokulungiswa kokushisa (杀青), ngaphandle kokuvutshelwa kanye ne-oxidation.
Ugibe lwegama: «温州早茶» — lisengumkhiqizo womphakathi wesifunda ngokomgomo othi «isifunda esisodwa — umkhiqizo owodwa» (一县一品). Ngokombiko womnyango wezolimo wedolobha (2026), ngaphansi kwawo kunamamaki ayisishiyagalombili: 泰顺三杯香, 平阳黄汤, 永嘉乌牛早, 乐清雁荡毛峰, 苍南翠龙, 文成贡茶, 瑞安清明早 kanye ne 瓯海黄叶早. Pingyang Huangtang (平阳黄汤) phakathi kwawo — itiye eliphuzi. Umkhiqizo ubanzi kunezigaba; umkhiqizo ovikelwe unqunywa izidingo zokuvikelwa, futhi ubuchwepheshe kuzo buluhlaza kuphela.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza likamasipala wedolobha; uphawu lwendawo (2020, 2025).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseZhejiang (浙江, Zhèjiāng), umasipala wedolobha iWenzhou (温州, Wēnzhōu).
Indawo yokuvikelwa: Izifunda zaseLucheng (鹿城区) nase-Ouhai (瓯海区), amadolobhana aseYueqing (乐清市) naseRui’an (瑞安市), izifunda zaseYongjia (永嘉县), Wencheng (文成县), Pingyang (平阳县), Taishun (泰顺县) kanye neCangnan (苍南县) — sezizonke 118 izigodi namadolobhana amancane.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 119°37′–121°18′ empumalanga, 27°03′–28°36′ enyakatho — imingcele yendawo ngokombhalo.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Inganekwane. Izindaba zedolobha (2021) zibhala ukuthi, ngokwenganekwane, itiye lapha laqala ukutshalwa eminyakeni yaseYonghe (永和) yobukhosi baseMpumalanga Jin, futhi babala iminyaka engaphezu kuka-1600 yokutshala itiye; umnyango wezolimo ngo-2026 uyawuphinda lesi sibalo. Umbhalo waleso sikhathi awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Okthoba 2019. Ngokombiko wangomhla zingama-25 ku-Okthoba, isicelo ngaphambi nje kwalokho sadlula ekuhlolweni nguMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya; ngaso iWenzhou yaba nezimpawu zendawo zezolimo eziyisikhombisa.
- 2020. Ukubhaliswa ngesimemezelo sikangqongqoshe № 290 sangoMhla zingama-30 ku-Ephreli 2020 — eqenjini lokuqala lonyaka, imikhiqizo engama-312 ezweni lonke; isitifiketi AGI02849. Umnikazi ngesikhathi sokubhalisa — isiteshi sedolobha sezitshalo ezikhethekile (温州市特产站); ngokohlu lwezinguquko, olwethulwa nguNgqongqoshe ukuze kuxoxiswane ngalo ngoDisemba 2021, ngemva kokuhlelwa kabusha kweminyango umnikazi waba isikhungo sedolobha sokusabalalisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo (温州市农业技术推广中心). Isiteshi sezolimo sedolobha sibiza usuku ngoMeyi 2020.
- Ephreli 2021. Kusukela mhla ziyi-16 kuya zingama-18 ku-Ephreli umnyango wezolimo wedolobha wenza umncintiswano wezingcweti zomsebenzi wetiye esifundeni saseTaishun kanye nokukhethwa kwamatiye asezingeni eliphezulu; ngokwemiphumela kwaqanjwa izingcweti eziyishumi eziphezulu kanye namatiye ayishumi ahamba phambili edolobha (izindaba zedolobha, 2021).
- Febhuwari 2024. EWenzhou kwabanjwa ingqungquthela yokuqala yetiye lasentwasahlobo lokuqala (abahleli — I-Tea Institute ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences kanye ne-China Tea Society); usolwazi we-Chinese Academy of Engineering wamema lapho ukuthi «baguqule itiye lokuqala libe lihle» (把“早茶”做成“好茶”). Ingqungquthela yamukela i-«Wenzhou Declaration on the Quality Development of Chinese Early Spring Tea» (中国早春茶高质量发展温州宣言); phakathi kwezinyathelo kuyo — indinganiso yeqembu yokukhiqiza nokucubungula itiye lasentwasahlobo lokuqala. Ngokwezindaba zesifundazwe, idolobha lihlose ukubamba le ngqungquthela minyaka yonke.
- Ekuqaleni kuka-2025. I-Zhejiang Tea Industry Association (浙江省茶叶产业协会) yethula ukuze kuxoxiswane ngomklamo wendinganiso yeqembu «温州早茶生产技术规程» — «Imithetho yobuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza iWenzhou Zaocha»; imibono yamukelwa kuze kube ngumhla zingama-20 kuFebhuwari 2025. Izinombolo nosuku lokugunyazwa kwenguqulo yokugcina alitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- 2025. I-State Intellectual Property Office ngesimemezelo № 640 (esayinwe mhla ziyi-16 kuJulayi, sashicilelwa mhla ziyi-13 ku-Agasti) yaqaphela igama njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo — umugqa wama-469 ohlwini lwemikhiqizo eyi-1409 — futhi yagunyaza izidingo zokuvikelwa. Umfakisicelo — yileso sikhungo esifanayo.
Igama: «Wenzhou» (温州) — igama lomasipala wedolobha; «zaocha» (早茶) — «itiye lokuqala». Igama likhuluma ngesikhathi sokuvuna, hhayi ngohlobo lwesitshalo noma isigaba.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Igama lisebenza njengophawu lwalonke itiye lesifunda: amamaki ezifunda adayiswa ngaphansi kwamagama awo, kanti umkhiqizo wengeza igama ledolobha kuwo.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo zezitshalo: Izidingo zokuvikelwa zisho 嘉茗1号 (Jiāmíng 1 hào), 平阳特早 (Píngyáng tèzǎo), 清明早 (Qīngmíngzǎo), 黄叶早 (Huángyèzǎo), 智仁早 (Zhìrénzǎo) kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezifanele; emagameni ezine kwezinhlanu kubhalwe «早» — «okuqala». Uhlobo lwe 嘉茗1号 ku-encyclopedia luchazwa njengesihlahla esifanayo neWuniu Zao (乌牛早); ohlotsheni lwe 清明早 kukhona umkhiqizo weRui’an Qingmingzao.
Izikhathi zokuvuna: Ngokombhalo — kusukela ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba; ingadi ivulwa lapho kuvela iqabunga lokuqala (一芽一叶初展). Incazelo eyireferensi ibiza ukuqala kokuvuna maphakathi noFebhuwari — ngaphambi kombhalo.
Indinganiso yokuvuna: Kusukela ehlumeleni elineqabunga elisanda kuvela kuya ehlumeleni elinamaqabunga amathathu; ihlumela liphelele, lisha, lilingana futhi lihlanzekile. Bavuna ngamaqoqo, ngokwesigaba setiye elizayo.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Ukukha kuphela «ngokuphakamisa isandla» (提手采), ngaphandle kwamaqabunga amadala; iqabunga lithwalwa ngobhasikidi boqalo, ngaphandle kokulicindezela.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Iningizimu ekugcineni yeZhejiang, ngasolwandle lwase-East China. Isimo sezulu — siwuguquguquka lwe-subtropical monsoon.
Isimo sezulu: Isiteshi sezolimo sedolobha (2025) sichaza ngendlela ethi «ama-18 amathathu»: izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo 18 °C, imvula engu-1800 mm kanye namahora okukhanya kwelanga ayi-1800 ngonyaka.
Inhlabathi: Ngokombhalo — ibomvu ejulile noma iphuzi, pH 4.5–6.5, izinto eziphilayo ezingaphezu kuka-1.0 %.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Imininingwane ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
Ingadi: Lapho ukuthambekela kungu-15–25° umbhalo udinga amasimu anobubanzi obusuka ku-1.5 m.
Isilinganiso: Izibalo zichaza lonke itiye lesifunda, hhayi umkhiqizo ovikelwe kuphela, futhi ziyashintsha unyaka nonyaka:
- ekuhlolweni kuka-2019 — 255 izinkulungwane mu zokutshala, 4657 t wetiye ngonyaka kanye nama-300 ezinkulungwane mu endawo evikelwe;
- ngo-2020, ngokwezindaba zedolobha, — 234 izinkulungwane mu zezingadi ezikhiqizayo, 6890 t wetiye, kuzo 3703 t etiye asezingeni eliphezulu (名优茶), inani lomkhiqizo womkhakha wokuqala — 1.245 billion yuan;
- ngokwesiteshi sezolimo sedolobha (Febhuwari 2025) — 290 izinkulungwane mu zezingadi, 7678 t wetiye, kuzo 4143 t etiye asezingeni eliphezulu; inani lomkhiqizo — 1.523 billion yuan, kuzo amatiye asezingeni eliphezulu — 1.268 billion.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Izidingo zokuvikelwa zibeka imigqa emibili enemingcele — lena incazelo yaleli tiye ngqo. Kakade izinto zokuhlola zika-2019 zazidinga ukuthi izimo nemishini yokucubungula ihambisane ne-GB/T 32744 «Imithetho yokuziphatha kahle ekucubunguleni itiye» (茶叶加工良好规范).

Itiye eligoqekayo (卷曲形):

Ukusakaza (摊青, tānqīng): Ngokwezigaba, ungqimba lufinyelela ku-20 cm; ukulahleka komswakama — 10–15 %.
Ukulungisa ukushisa (杀青, shāqīng): «Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kuqala liphezulu bese lehla; iqabunga elithambile lilungiswe lijule, eliqinile — lula» (嫩叶老杀，老叶嫩杀). Ukuncipha kwesisindo — cishe 40 %.
Ukugoqa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ingcindezi ilula — inamandla — ilula; kubhujiswe 30–65 % wamaseli, kugoqwe 60–80 % wamaqabunga abe imicu.
Ukomisa kwesibili (二青, èrqīng): Umoya oshisayo 130–150 °C, ungqimba oluncane kuno-2 cm, imizuzu eyi-8–12.
Ukomisa kwesithathu (三青, sānqīng): Cishe 120 °C, kuze kube umswakama cishe 20 %.
Ukomisa kokugcina (干燥, gānzào): Ngokugazinga noma ngokomisa ku-110–120 °C, kuze kube umswakama ongaphansi kuka-6.5 %; bese kulungiswa (整理, zhěnglǐ).

Itiye eliyisicaba (扁形):

Ukusakaza (摊青, tānqīng): Ungqimba lufinyelela ku-5 cm; ukulahleka komswakama — 10–15 %.
Ibhodwe lokuqala (青锅, qīngguō): Ukulungisa ukushisa ngesandla noma ngomshini ngokomthetho ofanayo; iqabunga liqala ukuba isicaba, umswakama wehla cishe ngo-40 %.
Ukuqondisa (理条, lǐtiáo): Ekucubunguleni ngomshini — kuze kube ihlumela eliqondile.
Ukuphumula (摊凉回潮, tānliáng huícháo): Ungqimba lufinyelela ku-2 cm kumathileyi oqalo, amahora 1–2.
Ibhodwe lokupholisha (辉锅, huīguō): Ngesikhathi esisodwa noma kabili; izinga lokushisa kuqala liphezulu bese lehla, ekugcineni 130–150 °C; umswakama ekuphumeni — ngaphansi kuka-6.5 %. Bese kulungiswa.

6. Izici Zokuzwa

Incazelo — ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa, ezinhlobo ezimbili.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Eligoqekayo — imicu eminyene emincane eluhlaza okotshani enoboya obubonakalayo (紧细、翠绿显毫). Eliyisicaba — iqabunga elibushelelezi eliqondile, eliluhlaza okotshani ngobumnene, elinokucwebezela okusha (扁平光直、嫩绿鲜润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Incazelo ehlukile ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomhluzo: Eligoqekayo — limnene futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (嫩香持久); eliyisicaba — liphezulu futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (香高持久).
Ukunambitheka: Eligoqekayo — limnene, lisha, linoshukela futhi livuselelayo (嫩鲜甘爽); eliyisicaba — lisha, lithambile, linoshukela futhi livuselelayo (鲜醇甘爽).
Umbala womhluzo: Kuzo zombili izinhlobo — uluhlaza okotshani ngobumnene, okhanyayo (嫩绿明亮).
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Limnene, lilingana, livuleka «njengembali» (嫩匀成朵); kwelesicaba futhi liluhlaza okotshani ngobumnene, likhanyayo.

Isici esihlukanisayo umbhalo usifinyelela emagameni amathathu: «嫩、鲜、甘» — ubumnene, ubusha, ubumnandi.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izidingo zomzimba namakhemikhali zokuvikelwa: umswakama — ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.5 %, imvuthuluka nothuli — kungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.0 %, umlotha ophelele — ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6.5 %, i-crude fiber — ingabi ngaphezu kuka-16.0 %, umlotha ongancibiliki ku-acid — ungabi ngaphezu kuka-1.0 %. Izinto ezikhiphekayo zibhalwe «zingabi ngaphezu kuka-37.0 %», umlotha oncibilika emanzini — «ungabi ngaphezu kuka-45.0 %»; kumatiye aseduze esimemezelo esifanayo izinto ezikhiphekayo zibekwe umkhawulo ophansi, ngakho-ke uphawu cishe lunephutha lokubhala — izibalo zinikezwe njengoba zishicilelwe. Imininingwane ngama-catechin, ama-amino acid kanye ne-caffeine ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukwenza Itiye

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza; izincomo ezithile zaleli tiye azitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi ende noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza isitsha.
2. Beka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
3. Umhluzo wokuqala — emva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yesithathu yomhluzo.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphindaphinda amanzi kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Kupakishwe kuvalwe kahle, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Itiye lokuqala lihlonishwa ngobusha balo — kungcono uliphuze phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi

Imininingwane ngamanani okudayisa ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

Ungayigwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Funani uphawu lomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo kanye nomkhiqizi ovela ezifundeni eziyisishiyagalolunye kanye namadolobhana aseWenzhou.
- Fundani igama lesifunda: itiye laseWenzhou livame ukudayiswa njengeWuniu Zao, Taishun Sanbeixiang, Cangnan Cuilong; igama ledolobha alizithathi indawo.
- Qhathanisani nokubukeka: imicu eluhlaza okotshani enoboya noma iqabunga eliyisicaba eliqondile, umhluzo uluhlaza okotshani ngobumnene. Umbala ophuzi webhilikosi, njengakuPingyang Huangtang, ukhombisa itiye eliphuzi.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

«早茶» ngesiShayina — futhi kubhekisela etiyeni lasekuseni laseCantonese elinokudla okulula, ngakho-ke ukucinga ngegama laleli tiye kuvame ukuveza izindawo zokudlela.
Umbhalo unikeza amawindi amabili okuvuna: entwasahlobo nasekupheleni kwehlobo, kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba.
Leli yitiye lokuqala laseZhejiang elinophawu lwendawo ezingeni likamasipala wedolobha.
Izindaba zesifundazwe zicaphuna isisho sendawo: «intwasahlobo yaseJiangnan iqala ngenkomishi yeWenzhou Zaocha» (江南的春天，从一杯温州早茶开始).

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aseWenzhou

Wuniu Zao (乌牛早): Umkhiqizo wesifunda saseYongjia kanye nohlobo olufanayo lwesitshalo oluphuma ekuqaleni kakhulu; kulo kwenziwa itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu.
Taishun Sanbeixiang (泰顺三杯香): Itiye eliluhlaza laseTaishun, eliqanjwe ngephunga elihlala ukuchithwa kathathu.
Pingyang Huangtang (平阳黄汤): Itiye eliphuzi elinokuvutshelwa — alihambisani nezidingo zokuvikelwa zeWenzhou Zaocha.
Rui’an Qingmingzao (瑞安清明早): Itiye elivela ohlotsheni lwe 清明早, oluqanjwe futhi phakathi kwezinhlobo zeWenzhou Zaocha.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Wenzhou Zaocha — itiye eliluhlaza, eliqanjwe ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Lenziwa kuso sonke isifunda ngezinhlobo zakuqala ngezindlela ezimbili — ezigoqekayo, ezinemicu eluhlaza okotshani noboya, kanye neziyisicaba, ezibushelelezi futhi eziqondile, — kanti izidingo zokuvikelwa zifingqa isimilo sayo ngamagama amathathu: ubumnene, ubusha, ubumnandi. Ngaphezu kwetiye kukhona umkhiqizo wedolobha, lapho kukhona netiye eliphuzi, ngakho-ke ephepheni kufanele ufunde igama ledolobha kanye negama lesifunda.

Imithombo

Amazinga

GB/T 32744

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志产品认定 №640

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo