mídiéxiāng

Rosimari ndi zinthu zouma zonunkhira zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m’mashelufu a tiyi komanso m’mabuku a “maluwa”, koma malinga ndi kagulu ka China si tiyi ndipo silowa mu kanoni wa 花茶 huā chá. Pansipa pali kufotokoza komwe malire amapitira, chifukwa chake rosimari adayikidwa mu gawo la “maluwa ndi zinthu zouma”, komanso momwe mungawerengere chizindikiro ngati palembedwa “迷迭香茶”.

Chigamulo chachidule

Gawo la FLOWERS AND DRY limasonkhanitsa mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya zinthu. Yoyamba ndi 花茶 yeniyeni: tiyi wokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa amoyo pogwiritsa ntchito luso la 窨制 yìn zhì, pomwe pali tsamba la tiyi ndi maziko a tiyi osankhidwa payekha. Yachiwiri ndi 非茶之茶 fēi chá zhī chá, “tiyi amene si tiyi”: maluwa ouma, masamba ndi zitsamba zomwe kuziphika kwake kwagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha tiyi, koma malamulo amawasiyanitsa ndi tiyi. Rosimari ali mgulu lachiwiri: mulibe tsamba la tiyi, choncho mulibe kalasi ya tiyi.

Uwu ndi funso la taxonomy, osati la ubwino wa zinthu. Kagulu ka China kumadalira magulu asanu ndi limodzi oyambira a tiyi, pomwe pawonjezedwa 再加工茶 zài jiā gōng chá — gulu lachisanu ndi chiwiri, kunja kwa magulu asanu ndi limodzi oyambira, kumene 花茶 amalowa. Chofunika kuti chinthu chikhale mgulu limeneli ndi chosavuta: payenera kukhalapo 茶坯 chá pī, maziko a tiyi. Nthawi zambiri ndi 烘青绿茶 hōng qīng lǜ chá, koma palinso maziko ofiira, a ulong, ndi oyera. Kumene 茶坯 kulibe, chinthucho chimangokhala chakumwa cha zitsamba, ngakhale atchulidwe bwanji m’masitolo.

Kumene mu kanoni wa 花茶 mulibe rosimari

Mndandanda wokonzedwa wa mitundu yayikulu ya 花茶 uli ndi zinthu khumi, ndipo rosimari sapezeka mwa izo pansi pa chikwangwani chilichonse chodalirika — ngakhale pansi pa O yovomerezeka, A yophunzitsidwa, M yamsika, V yogulitsa, kapena C yochokera kwa anthu. Kanoni ukuoneka motere:

• 茉莉花茶 mòlì huā chá, wa jasmine — wamkulu kwambiri mgululi, maziko ake makamaka 烘青绿茶, madera 福州 Fúzhōu, 横县 Héngxiàn, 苏州 Sūzhōu ndi Guangxi (chikwangwani O+A);
• mitundu yapamwamba ya jasmine — 茉莉龙珠 mòlì lóng zhū, 银针 yín zhēn, 大白毫 dà bái háo: “ngale” zopindidwa ndi singano zochokera ku maziko a mphukira zoyera kwambiri (高白毫), 窨 kambiri, 福州 ndi 横县;
• 桂花茶 guì huā chá, wa osmantus, pa maziko obiriwira, a ulong kapena ofiira — 桂林 Guìlín, 咸宁 Xiánníng, 苏州;
• 玫瑰花茶 méi guī huā chá, wa rozi, makamaka pa maziko ofiira — 平阴 Píngyīn ku Shandong ndi Guangdong;
• 白兰花茶 bái lán huā chá, wa magnolia, maluwa a Guangzhou, maziko 烘青绿茶, madera 广州 ndi 苏州; wonenepa komanso wotsika mtengo kuposa wa jasmine;
• 珠兰花茶 zhū lán huā chá, wa chloranthus (珠兰 — 金粟兰), wofewa, mzere wakale wa Huizhou kuchokera ku 歙县 Shèxiàn, komanso 福州;
• 玳玳花茶 dài dài huā chá, pa maluwa a lalanje wowawa, wonunkhira citrus wowawa, 江浙;
• 柚子花茶 yòu zi huā chá, wa maluwa a pomelo wochepa, Fujian ndi Guangdong;
• 工艺花茶 gōng yì huā chá (开花茶), zomangira zamanja za mphukira imodzi ndi maluwa ouma, zomwe zimatseguka mu galasi, — 黄山 ndi 金华;
• awiri apakati 菊花 jú huā ndi 菊普 jú pǔ.

Chinthu chofanana pa zisanu ndi zinayi zoyambirira ndi maziko a tiyi. Cha khumi chikubwera ndi chenjezo lachindunji: 菊花 palokha si tsamba la tiyi, ndipo 菊普 ndi kusakaniza kwa chrysanthemum ndi shu-puer, kutanthauza kusakaniza, osati 窨制.

Rosimari ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mfundo za mzere wakhumi uwu: zinthu zouma komanso gawo la zosakaniza, koma osati mtundu wa 花茶.

Chifukwa chake luso la 窨制 silimulandira

窨制 ndi kukongoletsa maziko a tiyi ndi maluwa amoyo, osati kusakaniza zinthu zouma; kwa jasmine wapamwamba kuzungulira kumachitika kambiri. Fomula yachikale ya gulu ili ndi «窨得茉莉无上味» (yìn dé mòlì wú shàng wèi), mbiri yomwe ikufunidwa imafotokozedwa ngati 鲜灵浓醇 xiān líng nóng chún: wamoyo, “wokhala ndi mzimu”, wonenepa komanso woyenera.

Zonsezi zimafuna maluwa okhala ndi fungo loyenera. Rosimari koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira zouma: fungo lake ndi la utomoni-kamfa, lolamulira, ndipo siligwirizana ndi 鲜灵. Chifukwa chake ngakhale pamene rosimari ali pafupi ndi tiyi, amachita zimenezi monga kusakaniza — monga 菊普, — osati monga 窨制.

Terroir ndi mtundu: chifukwa chake magawowa akhalabe opanda kanthu

Kwa 花茶 yeniyeni “terroir” ndi iwiri. Mbali imodzi — geography ya maluwa: mizera ya jasmine ku 福州 ndi 横县, rozi ku 平阴, osmantus ku 桂林 ndi 咸宁, 珠兰 wa Huizhou ku 歙县, magnolia wa Guangzhou. Mbali ina — geography ndi kusankhidwa kwa maziko a tiyi, omwe amasankhidwa payekha ngati 花茶坯.

“Mtundu” pano nawonso ndi uwiri: ndi mtundu wa maluwa — jasmine wa petalo imodzi kapena ziwiri, 单瓣 dān bàn ndi 双瓣 shuāng bàn, osmantus 金桂 jīn guì, 银桂 yín guì, 丹桂 dān guì, rozi wofiira wamaluwa ambiri 重瓣红玫瑰, — ndi mkhalidwe wa maziko a tiyi, omwe amapereka zinthu za mphukira kwa 龙珠 ndi 银针.

Kwa rosimari palibe ngakhale imodzi mwa mizere imeneyi yomwe yatsimikiziridwa m’magwero odalirika a tiyi wa China: ngakhale geography yopangira m’lingaliro la tiyi, ngakhale kusankhidwa kwa mitundu yolumikizidwa mu luso la tiyi. Akonzi amasiya magawowa opanda kanthu, osati kuwadzaza ndi zongoganizira.

Malamulo oyendetsera

Mfundo sizifuna manambala a miyezo: 花茶 amayendetsedwa ngati gawo la 再加工茶, ndipo chomwe chikuyendetsedwa ndi chinthu cha tiyi chokhala ndi maziko a tiyi. Zinthu zopanda tsamba la tiyi sizilowa mu malamulowa mwachidziwikire. Phunziro lothandiza: ngati pa paketi ya “迷迭香茶” palibe chisonyezero cha 茶坯, pamaso panu palibe tiyi m’lingaliro la kagulu ka China, ndipo kufuna kuti chinthucho chikhale ndi mikhalidwe ya tiyi — mtundu, kalasi, chiwerengero cha 窨 — kulibe tanthauzo. Zokhudza thanzi akonzi sazikambirana pano.

Kuphika ndi kukoma: zomwe zinganenedwe moyenera

Rosimari alibe njira yovomerezeka — alibenso kalasi ya tiyi. Mchitidwe wa gawoli umakhala ndi zowona zitatu.

Choyamba: rosimari ndi “wokweza mawu” m’lingaliro la fungo ndipo m’zosakaniza amafuna kukhala mawu otsogolera. Izi ndi ndendende ntchito yomwe 窨制 imathetsa m’njira yosiyana — kudzaza pang’onopang’ono, mobwerezabwereza.

Chachiwiri: ngati rosimari asakanizidwa ndi maziko a tiyi, kusankha maziko kumagwira ntchito monga mu kanoni. 烘青绿茶 wopepuka adzaphimbidwa; maziko ofiira ndi a ulong onenepa, omwe 桂花乌龙 guì huā wū lóng, 桂花红 guì huā hóng ndi 玫瑰红茶 méi guī hóng chá amamangidwa, amapirira bwino gawo la fungo lamphamvu. Kuchokera pano maziko ofiira ndi oyambira kwa rozi wovomerezeka.

Chachitatu: kusakaniza si 窨. Ngati wogulitsa akufotokoza chinthu ngati “tiyi wokongoletsedwa ndi rosimari”, ndi koyenera kufunsa ngati sikuti akunena za kusakaniza kwamakina kwa zinthu zouma. Kwa 菊普 yankho lotere lalembedwa mu gulu lenilenilo.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire ndi momwe mungawerengere chizindikiro

1. Kodi pali 茶坯. Fufuzani chisonyezero cha maziko a tiyi: obiriwira, ofiira, a ulong, oyera. Palibe maziko — palibe tiyi.
2. Kodi pali 窨次. Kuwerengera kuzungulira kokongoletsa — chizindikiro cha 花茶 weniweni, makamaka wa jasmine; kwa zosakaniza za zitsamba kulibe.
3. Kumene fungo limakhala. Mu 花茶 liyenera kukhala mu tsamba, osati mu kuchuluka kwa zitsamba zouma: zinthu zazikulu za zitsamba zimasonyeza kusakaniza.
4. Dzina la gulu. Mayina ovomerezeka ndi okhazikika: 茉莉, 桂花, 玫瑰, 白兰, 珠兰, 玳玳, 柚子花. “迷迭香” sali mu mzere uwu, ndipo izi zokha ndi chizindikiro.

Malo mu encyclopedia

Rosimari amakhalabe mu FLOWERS AND DRY monga nkhani yofotokozera: zinthu zouma zonunkhira zomwe nthawi zonse zimapezeka pafupi ndi tiyi, koma zili za 非茶之茶. Wowerenga amene wabwera kudzafuna tiyi wokongoletsedwa, ndi kwanzeru kupita ku zinthu zovomerezeka — kuchokera ku jasmine wamkulu ndi mitundu yake yapamwamba kupita ku osmantus, rozi, magnolia ndi 珠兰 wa Huizhou, — ndipo funso la maziko a tiyi liyenera kuyang’aniridwa payekha, mu nkhani yokhudza 花茶坯.

the teas described here are available from teamotea