I-Tianshan Hong (Tiānshān hóng, 天山红) itiye elibomvu lezintaba zaseTianshan esifundeni saseJiaocheng (蕉城区) kumasipala wedolobha laseNingde, esifundazweni saseFujian. Izintaba zanikeza igama ochungechungeni lwamatiye endawo: oluhlaza, omhlophe, obomvu, i-oolong kanye nojasmini, kanti obomvu kuwo ungumfowabo omncane weTianshan Lü Cha odumile. Kusukela ngo-2014 igama elithi “天山红” livikelwe wuphawu lokufakazela indawo (geographical certification mark); umnikazi walo uyafana nowetiye eliluhlaza, inhlangano yetiye yesifunda saseJiaocheng. Ukuthi itiye ngokwalo kufanele libe njani: isimo, ukunambitheka, uhlobo lwembewu, ubuchwepheshe, lokho akushiwongo emithonjeni yokuqala eyatholakala.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá), elivutshelwe ngokuphelele. Ochungechungeni lwe “宁德天山茶” lubhalwa njenge “宁德天山红茶”. Ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezimpahla zophawu lubhalwe kabanzi: “itiye”. Ukuthi lingelaliphi iqembu lamatiye abomvu: igongfu, ixiaozhong noma elinye, akushiwongo emithonjeni yokuqala eyatholakala.
- Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu laseFujian elinophawu lokufakazela indawo (2014); liyingxenye yochungechunge lwesifunda lwe “宁德天山茶”.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), umasipala wedolobha laseNingde (宁德, Níngdé), isifunda saseJiaocheng (蕉城, Jiāochéng), izintaba zaseTianshan.
- Indawo evikelwe: Uhlu lwesifundazwe lukhomba iJiaocheng njengendawo yokuphatha yomnikazi wophawu. Umngcele wezomthetho wendawo awukho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
- Indlela yokuvikela: Uphawu lokufakazela indawo lweHhovisi Likazwelonke Lezemfihlakalo Yobuhlakani (CNIPA) № 11836552, isigaba 30, impahla: itiye. Usuku lokubhaliswa ngokohlu lwesifundazwe: 21 Ephreli 2014; umnikazi: inhlangano yetiye yesifunda saseJiaocheng, idolobha laseNingde (宁德蕉城区茶业协会). Ngo-30 Juni 2026 ukubhaliswa kubonakala kusasebenza.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- Itiye laseJiaocheng ngaphambi kophawu. Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, eyacashunwa yi “China Radio International” ngo-2019, lapha kwakwenziwa amatiye entela: ngesikhathi saseTang kwakuyi “蜡面茶”, ngesikhathi saseSong itiye elicindezelweyo i “团饼茶”, ngesikhathi saseMing naseQing itiye elivela emiqhumeni. Ekupheleni kweQing ethekwini laseSandu’ao (三都澳) kwavulwa indlu yekhasimende iFuhai Guan (福海关), futhi ichweba laba ngelesikhathi esiyinhloko sokuthumela itiye kwamanye amazwe.
- 2014. I “Tianshan Hong” yathola uphawu lokufakazela indawo, okwesibili esifundeni ngemuva kweTianshan Lü Cha eluhlaza, uphawu lwayo lwabhaliswa ngo-2009.
- Imiklomelo yochungechunge. Ngokwemininingwane efanayo ka-2019, amatiye ochungechunge: oluhlaza, obomvu, omhlophe kanye ne-oolong anegama iTianshan, athola imiklomelo kazwelonke, yesifundazwe neyedolobha izikhathi ezingama-54. Ukuthi mingaki kuyo eyatholwa itiye elibomvu, akushiwongo.
- 2023. Isifunda samemezela i “宁德天山白茶” njengophawu lomphakathi oluhamba phambili, kanti i “宁德天山绿茶” ne “宁德天山红茶” njengemigqa ethuthukiswa eduze kwalo; ngawo lowo nyaka isifunda sathembisa ukuqinisa izimpawu zaso ezimbili zendawo: i “天山绿茶” ne “天山红”.
- Igama:
- “Tianshan” (天山) kusho “Izintaba Zasezulwini”, uchungechunge lwezintaba entshonalanga yesigodi saseYangzhong (洋中镇), olusuka enyakatho-ntshonalanga luye eningizimu-mpumalanga; kuze kufike edolobhaneni laseJitou emithambekeni yalo ukusuka engxenyeni yedolobha yaseJiaocheng, ngokwe-athikili yesifundazwe ka-2023, amakhilomitha angamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amathathu ukuya entshonalanga. Aluhlobene nochungechunge lwezintaba iTian Shan e-Asia Emaphakathi: igama liyafana, kodwa izintaba zehlukile.
- “Hong” (红) kusho “obomvu”, isifinyezo se “hongcha” (红茶).
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IJiaocheng kudala ibizwa ngokuthi “ikhaya letiye elidumile laseChina” (中国名茶之乡), futhi uphawu lwayo oluvelele itiye eliluhlaza iTianshan Lü Cha. Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda, ngo-2022 izingadi zetiye zaseJiaocheng zazithatha izinkulungwane eziyi-133 ze-mu, umkhiqizo wetiye wafinyelela kumathani ayi-13,000, kanti inani lawo wonke uchungechunge lwetiye lalingamabhiliyoni angu-4.14 ama-yuan. Itiye elibomvu kulesi sithombe liwumugqa wesibili ovikelwe eduze kwalowo oluhlaza.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa i “Tianshan Hong”, akushiwongo emithonjeni eyatholakala. Ngokwemininingwane yesifunda ka-2019, eJiaocheng kutshalwe cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-55 ze-mu zezinhlobo ezintsha ezinuka kamnandi kakhulu: iJin Guanyin (金观音), iJin Mudan (金牡丹), iZi Meigui (紫玫瑰) kanye neJinguan (金冠茶). Umbiko ka-2023 ucaphuna amazwi omlimi wendawo: ngeqabunga leJin Mudan benza itiye elimhlophe elinuka kamnandi netiye elibomvu “lobuchwepheshe obusha”. Ukuthi lokhu kuhlobene netiye lophawu, akwaziwa.
- Indinganiso yokuvuna: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
- Isikhathi sokuvuna: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Izintaba zaseTianshan empumalanga yeFujian (闽东, Mǐndōng). Umbiko ka-2023 uzichaza kanje: izintaba zibheke olwandle, isimo sezulu simnene, ilanga nemvula kuningi.
- Ukuphakama kokutshala: Ngetiye lophawu ayikho imininingwane. Edolobhaneni laseJitou (际头村) lesigodi saseYangzhong, i-athikili yesifundazwe ka-2023 elibiza ngokuthi indawo yemvelaphi yetiye laseTianshan, izintaba zetiye, ngokwamazwi omholi wenkampani ezibuyiselayo, ziphakeme ngokwesilinganiso cishe amamitha ayi-1000.
- Inhlabathi: Leyo nkampani icacisa ukuthi inhlabathi yezintaba inamatshe futhi icebile ngamaminerali. Uhlobo oluqondile lwenhlabathi alukho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
- Isici esikhethekile: EJitou kunendawo evikelwe yesifundazwe yemvelaphi yofuzo lwamahlumela etiye; ngokwamazwi aleyo nkampani, ezintabeni kukhula izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi zetiye lasendle, kanti ubudala bezinye izihlahla buyiminyaka engamakhulu amabili kuya kwamakhulu amathathu.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Ubucwepheshe be “Tianshan Hong” abukho emithonjeni eyatholakala. Ngezansi kunohlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye elibomvu, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe baseTianshan:
- Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo): Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi libe lithambile.
- Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Usoso luphumela phezu kobuso beqabunga.
- Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào): I-oxidation inikeza umbala obomvu wokumnika naphansi kwenkomishi.
- Ukomiswa (干燥, gānzào).
6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba
Incazelo yesimo kanye nokunambitheka okuvela emqulwini wophawu noma komunye umthombo wokuqala angiyitholanga.
- Isimo seqabunga elomile: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
- Iphunga lokumnika: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
- Ukunambitheka: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
- Umbala wokumnika: Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
- Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elitheliwe): Imininingwane ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Imininingwane yemfihlakalo yomzimba ngaleli tiye ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
8. Ukutheleka
Umkhuba wesigaba samatiye abomvu.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C.
- Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3–4 ku-150 ml.
- Isitsha: Igaiwan yobumba olumhlophe, kuyo kubonakala ukumnika okubomvu.
- Inqubo:
- Fudumeza isitsha.
- Faka itiye.
- Ukumnika kokuqala: imizuzwana eyi-10–20.
- Thela konke ngokuphelele.
- Ukumnika ngakunye okulandelayo: kube kudlula kancane.
- Ukutheleka amahlandla amane kuya kwayisithupha.
9. Ukugcinwa
Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, endaweni eyomile emnyama, ngaphandle kwephunga langaphandle. Itiye elibomvu likwazi ukugcinwa kangcono kuneliluhlaza, kodwa iphunga liyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
10. Intengo Kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi
Imininingwane ngentengo ayikho emithonjeni eyatholakala.
- Ukwazi ukugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu lwendawo emaphaketheni; inombolo yophawu: 11836552.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi itiye lenziwe esifundeni saseJiaocheng, idolobha laseNingde.
- Ungaphambanisi neTianshan Lü Cha: lelo itiye eliluhlaza lochungechunge olufanayo olunophawu lwalo.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Inhlangano yetiye yaseJiaocheng eyodwa inophawu lwe “天山红” kanye nezimpawu ze “天山绿茶”. Ngokohlu lwesifundazwe, zintathu, ezika-2009 nezika-2012.
- Ochungechungeni lwe “宁德天山茶” kunamagama amahlanu ochungechunge lwezintaba olulodwa: amatiye aluhlaza, amhlophe nabomvu, i-oolong iTianshan Jin Guanyin (天山金观音) kanye nejasmini iTianshan Yinhao (天山银毫).
- Kusukela ngo-2023 isifunda sibeka phambili hhayi okuluhlaza futhi hhayi okubomvu, kodwa itiye elimhlophe lochungechunge.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye
- I-Tianshan Lü Cha (天山绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba ezifanayo nomnikazi wophawu ofanayo, elidume kakhulu ochungechungeni.
- I-Moli Yin Hao (茉莉银毫): Itiye lejasmini; inguqulo yaseTianshan iyingxenye yochungechunge olufanayo.
- I-Tanyang Gongfu (坦洋工夫): Itiye elibomvu legongfu lomasipala ofanayo waseNingde, elinye “lamagongfu amathathu amakhulu aseFujian”.
- I-Bailin Gongfu (白琳工夫): Elinye itiye elibomvu legongfu lomasipala waseNingde kulelo qembu elifanayo.
- I-Gutian Hongcha (古田红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda saseGutian kumasipala ofanayo waseNingde, elinophawu lwalo luka-2018.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Tianshan Hong igatsha elibomvu lochungechunge lwaseTianshan eJiaocheng, elivikelwe uphawu kusukela ngo-2014. Imibhalo ngalo ikhuluma kakhulu ngesifunda kunetiye: uphawu, umnikazi, indawo yalo kuhlelo lophawu, lapho kusukela ngo-2023 kuqala itiye elimhlophe. Isimo, ukunambitheka, izinhlobo, izikhathi zokuvuna kanye nobucwepheshe kusamele umthombo wokuqala.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo