Gǔtián hóngchá · thetea.app

I-Gutian Hongcha (Gǔtián hóngchá, 古田红茶) itiye elibomvu lesifunda saseGutian (古田县) emkhakheni wedolobha waseNingde, esifundazweni saseFujian. IGutian laziwa kakhulu ngokuthi “yizwe laseChina lekhowe lesiliva”, kodwa linomlando wetiye: ngokwemininingwane yomnyango wezolimo wetiye wesifunda, ngeminyaka yeDaoquang kwaqala ukwenziwa i-xiaozhong lapha, futhi isifunda saba yindawo edumile “ye-xiaozhong yangaphandle” — itiye elibomvu lohlobo lwe-xiaozhong ngaphandle kweWuyishan. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 imboni yetiye yesifunda yawa, ngeminyaka yawo-2000 yaqala ukuvuselelwa, futhi ngo-2018 igama elithi “古田红茶” labhaliswa njengophawu lwesitifiketi sendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá), elivutshelwe ngokuphelele. Isigaba sibalwa egameni ngokwalo; ohlwini lwesifundazwe lwezimpahla zophawu kubhalwe kabanzi — “itiye”.
Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu laseFujian elinophawu lwesitifiketi sendawo (2018); ngokomlando — indawo ye-xiaozhong yangaphandle.
Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe saseFujian (福建, Fújiàn), umkhakha wedolobha waseNingde (宁德, Níngdé), isifunda saseGutian (古田, Gǔtián).
Indawo evikelwe: Uhlu lwesifundazwe lubonisa isifunda saseGutian njengobunikazi bomnikazi wophawu. Umngcele osemthethweni wendawo awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
Indlela yokuvikela: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo lweNational Intellectual Property Administration yaseChina (CNIPA) № 18791721, isigaba 30, impahla — itiye. Usuku lokubhaliswa ngokohlu lwesifundazwe — 14 Ephreli 2018; umnikazi — umnyango wezolimo wetiye wesifunda saseGutian (古田县茶业管理局). Ngomhla ka-30 Juni 2026 ukubhaliswa kusasebenza.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

Imininingwane engezansi, uma kungashiwongo ngenye indlela, inikezwa yimithombo ka-2019 — umbiko we-China Radio International, isihloko se-portal yezolimo yesifundazwe kanye nombhalo wemboni — ngokubhekisa emnyangweni wezolimo wetiye wesifunda.

Umlando:
- Iminyaka yeDaoquang. Ngokomusho womnyango, iGutian “首创” — yaqala ukwenza — i-xiaozhong (首创小种红茶) futhi yaba yindawo edumile “ye-xiaozhong yangaphandle” (外山小种红茶, wàishān xiǎozhǒng hóngchá) — kanjalo ihlukaniswa ne-uishan iZheng Shan Xiao Zhong. Ukuthi lokhu “kokuqala” kuhambisana kanjani nobuqili bendawo ye-tongmu yaseWuyishan, umthombo awuchazi. I-Wikipedia yesiShayina nayo ibiza iGutian phakathi kwezindawo eziyinhloko ze-xiaozhong yangaphandle — kanye neZhenghe, iTanyang neShaxian.
- Indawo yokuthutha. Ngemva kokuvulwa kwamachweba amahlanu, ukuthekelisa kwetiye laseFujian kwahamba ngeFuzhou neXiamen. Idolobhana laseShuikou (水口镇) lesifunda — indawo ephambili emfuleni ophakathi weMinjiang, lapho kuhlangana khona iNanping, iSanming, iFuzhou neNingde, — layenza iGutian indawo yokuthutha, lapho kwakudlula khona itiye lamatshe laseWuyishan kanye neZheng Shan Xiao Zhong ukuya emakethe.
- 1970–1980. Iziteshi zetiye kanye namapulazi etiye ahlangene ayekhona kuzo zonke izigodi eziyi-15 namadolobhana, izingadi zazithatha cishe ama-mu ayizi-50 000, itiye elithi “郁露” nelithi “馨绿” lalidumile. Ngokukhiqiza itiye isifunda sasikleliswe endaweni yeshumi nambili esifundazweni, futhi ngo-1980 umnyango wezolimo wesifundazwe wasifaka ohlwini lwezifunda zetiye eziyinhloko.
- Ukuwohloka. Imithombo iyahluka ngesikhathi: omunye ubeka ukuqala kokuwohloka ekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1980, omunye — kalula nje eminyakeni yawo-1980. Izingadi zazishiywa, ziguqulelwa emapentshini nasezinye izithelo, futhi abasebenzi bahamba bayokwenza ukulima kwamakhowe. Kusukela ngo-1983 kuya ku-1986 kwashiywa ama-mu ayizi-3 304 ezingadi, ama-mu ayizi-2 371 anikezwa ihlathi, ama-mu ayizi-244 — izithelo. Eminyakeni emibi kakhulu esifundeni kwakusele cishe ama-mu ayizi-10 000 etiye.
- Ukuvuselela. Ngokombhalo wemboni, isimo saqala ukulunga kusukela ngo-2005, lapho isifunda saqala ukubhalisa izimpawu zokuthengisa, phakathi kwazo “翠屏湖” kanye no “古田红茶”; uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo “古田红茶” lwaba ngo-2018. Umnyango ubika ukuthi itiye selithole kaninginingi igolide emiqhudelwaneni ye “Zhongcha bei” (中茶杯) ne “Mingcha bei” (闽茶杯).
- 2018. Ngokwemininingwane yomnyango, izingadi zesifunda zazithatha ama-mu ayizi-33 000, okuyi-12 000 ama-mu azo — izinhlobo ze-wulong; ukukhiqizwa kwetiye eliluhlaza — amathani ayi-1 680, inani lomkhiqizo — cishe izigidi eziyi-100 zama-yuan.
Igama: “IGutian” (古田) — igama lesifunda, ngokwezwi nezwi “insimu endala”; “hongcha” (红茶) — “itiye elibomvu”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IGutian esikhathini esidlule yayidume ngensimbi, ukubunjwa kwamabhodwe, imvubelo kanye netiye; ngenxa yokuthi lapha kwahlala isikhathi esithile uZhu Xi (朱熹), ibizwa ngokuthi “izwe lapho kwadlula khona umuntu ohlakaniphile” (先贤过化之乡). Namuhla isifunda, ngokombhalo wemboni, sikhiqiza cishe amaphesenti angama-80 omkhiqizo womhlaba wekhowe lesiliva. Itiye elibomvu isifunda silibala njengelinye lamagama amabili ayinhloko etiye — kanye nomkhiqizo ojwayelekile “翠屏湖”, oqanjwe ngechibi laseCuipinghu, indawo eyinhloko yokuvakasha yesifunda.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

Izinhlobo / Amacultivar: Yiziphi izinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa itiye elibomvu, imithombo etholakele ayishongo. Ngokwemininingwane yomnyango wezolimo wetiye wesifunda, esifundeni kugcinwa izinhlobo ezindala zeMeizhan (梅占), i-xiaozhong caicha (小种菜茶) kanye neFu’an Dabai (福安大白). Kusukela ngo-2005 kwalethwa cishe ama-mu ayizi-4 500 ezinhlobo ze-wulong zeTie Guanyin (铁观音) neJin Guanyin (金观音), kusukela ngo-2011 — izinhlobo ze-wulong zasenyakatho yeFujian, cishe ama-mu ayizi-3 500.
Indinganiso yokukha: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Isikhathi sokukha: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Umbhalo onezidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.

4. Iterroir kanye nezici zokulima

Isifunda: Umkhakha waseNingde, lapho kuhlangana khona imikhakha yamadolobha amane — iNanping, iSanming, iFuzhou kanye neNingde; isifunda sinqamula umfula ophakathi weMinjiang. Eduze kwechibi laseCuipinghu (翠屏湖), ngokombhalo wemboni, ngaphambili kwakukhona ipulazi likahulumeni letiye elingaphezu kwama-mu ayizinkulungwane ezintathu.
Izingadi: Ngokwemininingwane yomnyango ka-2019, esifundeni kwakhiwe izingadi “zemvelo” ezingaphezu kwama-mu ayizi-8 000, kusebenza izimboni zetiye ezingaphezu kwama-30.
Ukuphakama, isimo sezulu, umhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ubucwepheshe betiye elibomvu laseGutian abutholakali emithonjeni etholakele. Umnyango wezolimo wesifunda ubika kuphela ukuthi wamema izingcweti ezivela ezindaweni zetiye ezidumile futhi wathumela abantu bazo ukuyofunda lapho. Ngo-2019 wawuhlela ukwakha indinganiso yendawo “古田红茶”; ukuthi yamukelwa yini, emithonjeni etholakele akushiwongo.

Ngezansi uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye elibomvu, hhayi incazelo yobucwepheshe baseGutian:

Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo): Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama futhi libe lithambile.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ijusi liphumela phezulu eqabungeni.
Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào): I-oxidation inikeza umbala obomvu wokumnika.
Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).

Ukuthi eGutian namuhla kwenziwa i-xiaozhong ngokubhema noma itiye elibomvu le-gongfu, akunakutholakala emithonjeni etholakele.

6. Izici ze-organoleptic

Izincazelo zokubukeka nokunambitheka okuvela embhalweni wophawu noma emthonjeni osemthethweni angizitholanga.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lokumnika: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Ukunambitheka: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Umbala wokumnika: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
Iqabunga elingezansi (iqabunga elenziwe): Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical ngaleli tiye emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye elibomvu.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C.
Inani letiye: 3–4 g nge-150 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain noma itiye elincane.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha.
2. Faka itiye.
3. Ukumnika kokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-10–20.
4. Thela konke.
5. Ukumnika ngakunye okulandelayo — kancane kancane.
6. Ukuphisa okune kuya kwayisithupha.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emphakathini ovaliwe, ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, endaweni eyomile nemnyama, ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle. Itiye elibomvu libekezelela ukugcinwa kangcono kunetiye eliluhlaza, kodwa iphunga liyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

10. Intengo kanye nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi

Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

Ungayigwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Bheka uphawu lokukhomba indawo emaphaketheni; inombolo yophawu — 18791721.
- Qiniseka ukuthi itiye lenziwa esifundeni saseGutian.
- Khumbula ukuthi “外山小种” ayikuqinisekisi imvelaphi: kubizwa kanjalo i-xiaozhong yezifunda eziningi.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Umnikazi wophawu — akusiyona inhlangano, njengakweminye imikhiqizo yetiye yomkhakha waseNingde ohlwini lwesifundazwe, kodwa umnyango wezolimo wetiye wesifunda.
Ngokombiko ka-2019, itiye elibomvu elithi “闽之艳” lomfelandawonye wetiye wasedolobhaneni laseHetang (鹤塘) lathola umklomelo okhethekile wegolide we-13th China Xi’an International Tea Exhibition.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye abomvu aseFujian

I-Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong (正山小种): I-xiaozhong yendawo ye-tongmu yaseWuyishan; i-xiaozhong yangaphandle yaseGutian yehlukaniswa kuyo ngegama.
IShaxian Gongfu Cha (沙县工夫茶): Itiye elibomvu laseShaxian — indawo iWikipedia eyibeka eduze kweGutian ohlwini lwezindawo ze-xiaozhong yangaphandle.
IZhenghe Gongfu (政和工夫): Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lasenyakatho yeFujian kusuka ohlwini olufanayo.
ITanyang Gong Fu (坦洋工夫): Itiye elibomvu le-gongfu lomkhakha ofanayo waseNingde, elinye “lamagongfu amathathu amakhulu aseFujian”.
IPingnan Xiaozhong (屏南小种): Itiye elibomvu le-xiaozhong lesifunda sasePingnan somkhakha ofanayo waseNingde, elinophawu lwalo lwe-2018.

Ekuphetheni:

IGutian Hongcha — igama elinenkumbulo ende kanye nemibhalo emfushane. Isifunda sizikhumbula njengendawo ye-xiaozhong yangaphandle kusukela ngezikhathi zeDaoquang kanye nendawo yokuthutha yetiye laseWuyishan, sadlula ekuwohlokeni kwezingadi ngeminyaka yawo-1980 futhi sabuyisa igama laso elibomvu ngophawu lwe-2018. Ukuthi itiye ngokwalo kufanele libe yini — ukubukeka, ukunambitheka, izinhlobo, ubucwepheshe, — imithombo etholakele okwamanje ayikasho.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

CNIPA 地理标志证明商标 №18791721

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo