I-Rizhao Hongcha (Rìzhào hóngchá, 日照红茶) itiye elibomvu lasedolobheni lase-Rizhao (日照市) ogwini loLwandle Oluphuzi, esifundazweni sase-Shandong. I-Rizhao yaziwa kakhulu ngetiye eliluhlaza, futhi itiye elibomvu lapha liwumugqa wesibili. Igama livikelwe uphawu lwendawo No. 13198463 embonini yokuthengisa “itiye”; umnikazi — I-Lanshan District Agricultural Technical Service Association (日照市岚山区农业技术服务协会). Uphawu luqukethwe ohlwini lombiko wonyaka we-Trademark Bureau wango-2014. Izidingo zophawu mayelana nokubukeka nobuchwepheshe angizange ngizibone, ngakho konke okwaziwayo mayelana nokunambitheka kwaleli tiye kuthathwe ezincazelweni zemikhiqizo yokuhweba, hhayi embhalweni wokuvikela.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá), elibiliswe ngokuphelele; isigaba siqanjwe egameni.
- Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu lasenyakatho laseShandong; uphawu lokuhweba lwendawo.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Shandong (山东, Shāndōng), idolobha lase-Rizhao (日照, Rìzhào), isifunda sase-Lanshan (岚山区, Lánshān qū).
- Indlela yokuvikela: Uphawu lwendawo No. 13198463, umkhiqizo — itiye. Umbiko wonyaka we-”China Trademark Strategy” wango-2014 uwufaka ohlwini lwezimpawu zendawo “ezibhalisiwe futhi ezamukelwe ngaphambilini” zonyaka, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa lezi zimo ezimbili. Ukuphrintwa kabusha kwezindaba ngophawu, ngaphandle kosuku, kuthi “日照红茶” ibhaliswe njengophawu lwesitifiketi sendawo.
- Ingabe kusasebenza njengamanje: Akuqinisekisiwe. Uphawu lokuhweba eChina lubhaliswa iminyaka eyishumi ngelungelo lokunwetshwa; imininingwane yokunwetshwa kwalolu phawu ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Indawo: Umnikazi wophawu use-Lanshan District, kodwa lokhu ikheli lakhe, hhayi umngcele wendawo; imithetho yokusetshenziswa kophawu enencazelo yendawo angiyitholanga.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: I-Lanshan District — cishe u-35.1° N no-119.3° E.
2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- 1956. Ngokombiko we-”Zhongguo zhiliang xinwen wang” (2024), isifunda sase-Rizhao, manje oseyidolobha, sakhethwa eqenjini lokuqala lezifunda — izisekelo zokuhlola zetiye laseningizimu.
- 2013 nangemva kwalokho. Ngokwezindaba eziphrintiwe kabusha, ngo-2013 i-Rizhao Lü Cha (日照绿茶) yangena “ezimpawini eziyishumi zendawo zaseShandong”; ngemva kwalokho ihhovisi likamasipala lezohwebo nezimboni lathatha uphawu olulandelayo futhi lasiza inhlangano yaseLanshan ukuthi ifake isicelo se-”日照红茶”.
- 2014. Uphawu No. 13198463 lwangena ohlwini lonyaka lwe-Trademark Bureau.
- Ngemva kokubhaliswa. Ngokwezindaba ezifanayo, uphawu bekufanele luzuzise cishe izinkulungwane zamapulazi etiye.
- 2024. Ngokombiko wokubhekelwa kwemakethe yaseRizhao, kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka kuhlolwe amaqoqo angaphezu kuka-230 e-”日照绿茶（红茶）” — itiye eliluhlaza nelibomvu lesifunda.
- Igama: “Rizhao” (日照) yigama lesifunda, ngokwezwi nezwi “ukukhanya kwelanga”; “hongcha” (红茶) — “itiye elibomvu”.
- Amagama okuhweba: Iqoqo lokufunda lamatiye adumile ngezifundazwe libhala nge-”日照红梅” — “i-Rizhao red plum” — futhi libiza ngalo elinye igama le-Rizhao Hongcha. Ngokwaleli qoqo, itiye lidabuka edolobhaneni lase-Houcun (后村镇) esifundeni sase-Lanshan, ladalwa umhloli wetiye kahulumeni kusuka ezintweni zokuphila zendawo futhi laqanjwa ngephunga, lapho kuzwakala khona i-wintersweet (腊梅). Ukuthi “日照红梅” ihlobana kanjani nophawu, akukacaci emithonjeni etholakele.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Esifundeni itiye eliyinhloko liyiluhlaza; iqoqo lokufunda libiza ngalo “itiye lokuqala enyakatho ye-Yangtze”. Itiye elibomvu lakhula eduze, esifundeni esifanayo, futhi lathola igama lalo nophawu lwalo.
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe
- Uhlobo / Cultivar: Izinhlobo azitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Ngokweqoqo lokufunda — izinto eziphilayo zedolobhana lase-Houcun; imininingwane ayikho.
- Ukuqoqwa kanye nezinga lokuqoqa: Imininingwane ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Iningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Shandong, ugu loLwandle Oluphuzi.
- Isimo sezulu: Ngokweqoqo lokufunda — imvula eningi epholile efudumele, enelanga eliningi nemvula. I-athikili ethandwayo yengeza ukuthi isifunda siyindawo enkulu yokutshala itiye esenyakatho kakhulu ezweni, enokukhanya okusabalalisekile nomoya oswakeme.
- Indawo: Ngokwe-athikili efanayo ethandwayo — izintaba eziphansi ezinemithambeka emincane namagquma ezintaba zase-Jiazishan (甲子山), Wenshan (文山), Wulianshan (五莲山) no-Fulaishan (浮来山).
- Inhlabathi: I-acidic ephuzi-nsundu (黄棕壤), ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo — kanjalo iqoqo lokufunda lichaza inhlabathi yesifunda.
- Ukuphakama kokutshala: Imininingwane ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Isilinganiso: Ngokombiko we-”Zhongguo zhiliang xinwen wang” (2024), esifundeni kunezinsimu zetiye ezingaba ngu-20,000 ha, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwemboni ngonyaka kubiza u-3.7 biliyoni yuan — lokhu kuyitiye lonke lesifunda, ikakhulukazi eliluhlaza; ukuthi lingakanani elibomvu akushiwongo.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Ubuchwepheshe be-Rizhao Hongcha abutholakali emithonjeni etholakele. Itiye elibomvu ukulandelana okuvamile kunje:
- Ukuvutshelwa (萎凋, wěidiāo): Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama bese liba lithambile.
- Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Amaseli eqabunga ayaphuka, ubisi luphumela phezulu.
- Ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào): I-oxidation, lapho iqabunga liba bomvu.
- Ukomiswa (干燥, gānzào): I-oxidation iyamiswa futhi iphunga liyaqiniswa.
Lena indlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Rizhao Hongcha.
6. Izici Zokunambitheka
Ngezansi kunezincazelo zamagama okuhweba “日照红梅” ne-”日照红” ezivela eqoqweni lokufunda nase-athikilini ethandwayo, hhayi izidingo zophawu. Amaphomula azo acishe afane: i-athikili ethandwayo ibhala 外形紧结乌润、汤色红艳明亮、滋味厚滑鲜醇、蜜糖香气高锐且经冲耐泡; umehluko kuphela ephunga — ngawo ngezansi.
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Lisontwe ngokuqinile, limnyama elinokucwebezela okunamafutha (紧结乌润).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Incazelo ehlukile ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lotshala: Uju noshukela (蜜糖香气) enomsindo we-wintersweet; i-athikili ethandwayo ibiza iphunga loju njengeliphakeme nelibukhali, kanti iqoqo libiza iphunga le-wintersweet. Kuphinde kwehluke ukubhalwa: iqoqo libhala “腊梅香韵” — “umsindo we-wintersweet”, i-athikili ethandwayo ibhala “腊香韵”, ngaphandle kwe-”梅”; ukuthi yikuphi ukubhalwa okulungile, angikutholanga.
- Ukunambitheka: Okuminyene, okushelelayo, okusha nokuthambile (厚滑鲜醇); itiye limelana nokuthelwa okuningi.
- Umbala wotshala: Obomvu ogqamile, osobala (红艳明亮).
- Insalela yetiye (iqabunga elibilisiwe): Imininingwane ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Imininingwane yemizwa yomzimba ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wesigaba wetiye elibomvu.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C.
- Inani letiye: 3–5 g ku-150 ml.
- Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-teapot encane ye-porcelain.
- Inqubo:
- Fudumeza izitsha.
- Beka itiye.
- Ukuthelwa kokuqala — cishe umzuzu owodwa, kuthelwe konke.
- Thela ezinkomishini.
- Ukuphindaphinda kathathu noma kane, ngakunye kube kude okungaphezulu kunokwedlule.
9. Ukugcina
Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephaketheni elivaleke ngokuqinile, endaweni eyomile emnyama ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, kude namaphunga; isiqandisi asidingeki etiyeni elibomvu.
10. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi
Imininingwane yamanani ayitholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Indlela yokugwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Bheka ephaketheni uphawu “日照红茶” nemvume yomnikazi — i-Lanshan District Agricultural Technical Service Association.
- Khumbula ukuthi ukusebenza kophawu njengamanje akuqinisekisiwe: umbhalo ngokwawo awubona ubufakazi.
- Ungaphambanisi ne-Rizhao Lü Cha (日照绿茶): lokhu igama elihlukile nesigaba esihlukile.
- Khumbula ukuthi “日照红梅” ne-”日照红” amagama okuhweba; imininingwane yokuthi ukubukeka kwawo kulawulwa uphawu ayikho.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Umnikazi wophawu akayona inhlangano yetiye, kodwa inhlangano yezinsizakalo zezolimo zesifunda esisodwa.
- Izindaba eziphrintiwe kabusha zibala izimpawu zendawo ezingamashumi amabili e-Rizhao, kodwa zibala ngegama eziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye; ezimbili zazo zetiye — eliluhlaza nelibomvu.
- Izincazelo ezimbili zetiye elilodwa ziyehluka ngohlamvu olulodwa: “umsindo we-wintersweet” komunye umthombo uphenduka “腊香韵” komunye.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye asenyakatho
- I-Rizhao Lü Cha (日照绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda esifanayo, umkhiqizo oyinhloko wetiye laseRizhao, onokuvikelwa kwawo.
- I-Taishan Hongcha (泰山红茶): Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Taian enkabeni ye-Shandong; ngokungafani ne-Rizhao Hongcha, linemibandela eshicilelwe yokubukeka nokwakheka.
- I-Laoshan Hong Cha (崂山红茶): Elinye itiye elibomvu lasogwini lwaseShandong, lisuka entabeni yase-Laoshan ngaphansi kwe-Qingdao.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Rizhao Hongcha iphila emthunzini wetiye eliluhlaza laseRizhao elidumile: igama elinophawu lwendawo lwango-2014, umnikazi e-Lanshan District, futhi ukubukeka, okwaziwa ngemikhiqizo yokuhweba, — iqabunga elimnyama eliminyene, utshala obomvu ogqamile kanye nephunga loju elinomsindo we-wintersweet. Imibhalo ngayo mincane, futhi umbuzo oyinhloko — ingabe uphawu lusasebenza namuhla — okwamanje awunampendulo.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo