Huángméi chánchá

Huangmei Chancha (Huángméi chánchá, 黄梅禅茶) itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda sase-Huangmei (黄梅县) edolobheni lase-Huanggang eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Hubei, lapho kuhlangana khona i-Hubei, i-Jiangxi ne-Anhui. Igama elithi «Chan» esicini lisho ubuBuddha behlelo le-Chan: e-Huangmei kukhona amathempeli e-Sizusi ne-Wuzusi, ahlotshaniswa nondunankulu wesine nowesihlanu be-Chan, u-Daoxin no-Hongren. Amasimende asezintabeni zase-Ziyunshan (紫云山) enyakatho yamathempeli; kusukela ngo-2012 itiye livikelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingabiliswanga. Isigaba siqinisekisa ukubukeka ngokwencazelo yomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo: iqabunga eliluhlaza okwesimaragidu, umgqomo ocacile.
• Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lase-Hubei; umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2012).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), idolobha lase-Huanggang (黄冈, Huánggāng), isifunda sase-Huangmei (黄梅县, Huángméi Xiàn).
• Indawo evikelwe: Amayunithi ayisikhombisa esifundeni: amadolobhana ase-Wuzu (五祖镇), e-Dahe (大河镇), e-Tingqian (停前镇), izigodi zase-Liulin (柳林乡), e-Shanmu (杉木乡), e-Kuzhu (苦竹乡) kanye nesiphathimandla sase-Nuobuyuan (挪步园管理处). Uhlu luhlolwe ngokwesikhombo seplathifomu yezimpawu zendawo; angizange ngiluqhathanise nombhalo wesimemezelo ngokwalo.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda sase-Huangmei — cishe 30,1° enyakatho kanye no-115,9° empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • Ubukhoshi baseTang — «izigodi zasezintabeni zase-Huangmei». U-Lu Yu esahlukweni sesishiyagalombili se-«Cha Jing» ukhuluma ngetiye lezigodi zasezintabeni zesifunda sase-Huangmei esifundeni sase-Qizhou (蕲州). Izincazelo zendawo ze-Huangmei Chancha zisekelwe kulo mugqa.
  • Ondunankulu be-Chan. Ngokomlando wethempeli lase-Sizusi, undunankulu wesine we-Chan u-Daoxin (道信) ngo-620 wabuyela esifundeni sase-Qizhou, kusukela ngo-621 wahlala entabeni i-Potoushan (破头山) e-Huangmei, lapho anweba khona indawo yakhe futhi waqoqa abafundi. Ithempeli lase-Wuzusi likandunankulu wesihlanu u-Hongren (弘忍) izincazelo zezikhombo zilidala ngo-654. Indlela ka-Daoxin itempeli liyichaza njengokuhlanganisa ukuzindla nomsebenzi (农禅并举): umphakathi ozinzile ezintabeni wawuzondla ngomsebenzi wawo.
  • Itiye emathempelini. Igama letiye libhekisela kuleli siko lethempeli. Ubufakazi obubhaliwe bamasimu etiye bondonunkulu uqobo abutholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele.
  • 2012. I-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo esingu-№ 224 yathatha itiye ngaphansi kokuvikelwa njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Kukhona nesaziso se-China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) mayelana nelungelo lophawu olukhethekile.
• Igama:
  • «Huangmei» (黄梅) — «iplamu eliphuzi», igama lesifunda.
  • «Chancha» (禅茶, chánchá) — «itiye lehlelo le-Chan».
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Igama letiye lilihlobanisa nezikhumbuzo ezidume kakhulu zesifunda — amathempeli ase-Sizusi nase-Wuzusi. Umnyango wesifundazwe wezamasiko nezokuvakasha ubhala ukuthi kubo ndunankulu abayisithupha bokuqala be-Chan abathathu — owesine, owesihlanu nowesithupha — bafunda futhi badlulisela imfundiso e-Huangmei.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa

• I-cultivar: Ayingabhalwanga emithonjeni etholakele.
• Ukuvuna: Izikhathi zokuvuna aziwabhalwanga emithonjeni etholakele.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Alizange linikezwe emithonjeni etholakele. Ukubukeka — ukusonteka okuqondile okucekethe nokuhlotshisiwe — kubonisa izinto ezintsha ezithambile.
• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Imvelaphi evela kumayunithi ayisikhombisa endawo evikelwe.

4. Indawo kanye nezici zokutshala

• Isifunda: Izintaba zase-Ziyunshan (紫云山) zisogwini olusenyakatho yamathempeli ase-Sizusi nase-Wuzusi. Ngokwencazelo yomnyango wesifundazwe wezamasiko nezokuvakasha, isiqongo sentaba sakhiwe ngamagquma ayisikhombisa, ahlangana njengamacembe e-lotus, yingakho igama laso — ukuphakama kwe-Lianhuafeng (莲花峰, «ukuphakama kwe-Lotus»). Ngaphansi kwaso kumi ithempeli lase-Laozusi (老祖寺), eceleni kwaso kukhona indlu yase-Nuobuyuan, eyakhiwa ngesikhathi se-Ming; igama layo liphethwe elinye lamayunithi endawo evikelwe.
• Ubude bendawo yokutshala: Akukho mfuneko yobude encazelweni yomkhiqizo. Izinombolo zobude bamasimu zitholakala kuphela ekulandiseni, futhi azikwazanga ukuqinisekiswa.
• Umhlabathi: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
• Isimo sezulu: Isifunda sisendaweni ephakathi kwe-Dabeshan kanye ne-Yangtze. Ayikho imininingwane yesimo sezulu yamasimu emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe abubhalwanga encazelweni yomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza yilolu:

1. Ukwendlalwa kweqabunga elisha (摊放, tānfàng): Iqabunga lilahlekelwa ingxenye yomswakama.
2. Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kuyamisa ukukhipha umoya.
3. Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga lithola ukuma kokusonteka okuqondile.
4. Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào).

Lolu uhlelo olujwayelekile lwesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Huangmei Chancha. Imingcele yaleli tiye ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

6. Izici zokunambitha

Ngokwencazelo yomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonteka okuqondile, okuncane, okuhle nokuhlotshisiwe; umbala uluhlaza okwesimaragidu, omanzi ngokwanele (条索挺直、细秀、显毫，色泽翠绿尚润).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ayikho incazelo ehlukile.
• Iphunga lomgqomo: Lithambile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside (嫩香持久).
• Ukunambitheka: Kusha, kuthambile, kuyaqabula (鲜醇爽口).
• Umbala womgqomo: Ucacile futhi ukhanyayo (汤色清澈明亮).
• Isisele setiye (iqabunga eliselitsheni): Luhlaza okwesimaragidu, liyakhanya, liyalingana (叶底翠绿明亮匀整).

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

Ayikho imininingwane ye-physicochemical emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Inqubo yesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Shisa isitsha kusengaphambili.
  2. Faka itiye.
  3. Thela amanzi amancane, vumela iqabunga livuleke imizuzwana engu-20–30.
  4. Thela amanzi; umgqomo wokuqala — imizuzu engu-1–2.
  5. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yomgqomo.
  6. Ukuthelwa kabusha kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcina

Inqubo yesigaba. Esitsheni esivalekile, esiqandusini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama kanye namaphunga. Itiye eliluhlaza liyaphuzwa liselisha, ukuguga akudingekile kulo.

10. Intengo kanye namanga

Ayikho imininingwane yezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.

• Indlela yokugwema amanga:
  • Bheka uphawu lwendawo ephaketheni.
  • Hlola umkhiqizi: kufanele abe evela kwelinye lamayunithi ayisikhombisa endawo — i-Wuzu, i-Dahe, i-Tingqian, i-Liulin, i-Shanmu, i-Kuzhu noma i-Nuobuyuan.
  • Igama elithi «禅茶» ephaketheni ngokwalo alikhombisi indawo. Igama elivikelwe — «黄梅禅茶» ngophawu.
  • Iqabunga — ukusonteka okuqondile okuluhlaza okwesimaragidu okuhlotshisiwe.

11. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• Indlela kandunankulu wesine u-Daoxin yahlanganisa ukuzindla nomsebenzi: umphakathi ezintabeni zase-Huangmei wawuzondla.
• U-Lu Yu wakhuluma ngetiye lezigodi zasezintabeni zase-Huangmei kusukela ku-«Cha Jing».
• Ukuphakama kwe-Ziyunshan ngamagquma ayisikhombisa kubizwa nge-«Lotus Peak».
• Indawo evikelwe ihlanganisa idolobhana eliqanjwe ngqo ngondunankulu wesihlanu — i-Wuzu, «undunankulu wesihlanu».

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza

• Guishan Yanlyu (龟山岩绿): Itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni esifanayo sase-Huanggang, elivikelwe isimemezelo esifanayo sango-2012; ukusonteka okuqinile okuqondile; izincazelo zezikhombo zigcina ukubunjwa kwalo kwendabuko ngesandla embizeni.
• Yingshan Yunwu (英山云雾): Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lasesifundeni sase-Huanggang elivela emithambekeni eseningizimu yokhahlamba i-Dabeshan.
• Enshi Yulu (恩施玉露): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Hubei eliqiniswa ngomphunga futhi lineqabunga elimise okwenaliti.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Huangmei Chancha itiye lapho umlando ubaluleke ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe, kodwa ukubukeka kuchazwe ngokwethembeka embhalweni: ukusonteka okuqondile okuluhlaza okwesimaragidu okuhlotshisiwe, iphunga elithambile elihlala isikhathi eside, ukunambitheka okusha nokuthambile. Emva kwegama kukhona amathempeli abondunankulu be-Chan, abahlanganisa ukuzindla nomsebenzi, kanye nezintaba zase-Ziyunshan enyakatho yabo.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

• 原质检总局地理标志产品保护 №2012年第224号

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo