Guǎng'ān sōngzhēn

I-Guǎng’ān Sōngzhēn (Guǎng’ān sōngzhēn, 广安松针) itiye eliluhlaza elimise okw enalithi yesifunda sase-Qiánfēng (前锋区) kumasipala wedolobha i-Guǎng’ān empumalanga yesifundazwe i-Sìchuān. Igama lisho ukuthi “inalithi kaphayini yase-Guǎng’ān”: ngokwezincazelo eziyinkomba, uboya obuncane emiqumbe bunjengesithwathwa ezinalitini zikaphayini, futhi iqabunga lisontekile laba inalithi eqondile ezacile. Izivande zisezintabeni zase-Huáyíngshān (华蓥山), ingxenye yazo ingaphansi kukaphayini. Imiklomelo yomkhiqizo wawuqoqa ngawo-1990s, wabe usuyawa futhi manje uyavuselelwa; kusukela ngo-2016 igama livikelwa wuphawu lwesitifiketi.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) elimise okw enalithi. Umbhalo wokuvikela obonisa isigaba angikawuboni; umbhalo kahulumeni wesifunda (ngoJuni 2024) ubiza umkhiqizo ngqo ngokuthi “广安松针绿茶”, izincazelo eziyinkomba ziwubiza ngetiye eliluhlaza elidumile (名优绿茶).
Igama: “松针” (sōngzhēn) lisho “inalithi kaphayini”, ukumila kweqabunga, hhayi uhlobo lwesihlahla futhi hhayi isigaba.
Isigaba: Umkhiqizo wesifunda womphakathi wetiye lase-Guǎng’ān; uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo.
Imvelaphi: I-Shayina, isifundazwe i-Sìchuān (四川, Sìchuān), umasipala wedolobha i-Guǎng’ān (广安, Guǎng’ān), isifunda i-Qiánfēng (前锋, Qiánfēng).
Indawo yophawu: Uhlu lwase-Sìchuān lwezimpawu ezibhalisiwe lwangoMashi 2018 lubiza umnikazi wasesifundeni i-Qiánfēng, lokhu kungobunikazi bomnikazi, hhayi umngcele oqinisekisiwe wendawo.
Izivande eziyinhloko: Izindawo zase-Lóngtān (龙滩镇) nase-Guìxīng (桂兴镇) ezintabeni zase-Huáyíngshān.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Ama-1970s. Ngokombhalo osewebhusayithini yesifunda (ngo-Ephreli 2024), ezintabeni zase-Huáyíngshān kwakunendawo ende yezivande ezindala, “ingadi yemvelo eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi zama-mu”, kodwa imboni ayizange yakheke kuzo.
- Ekupheleni kwama-1980s. Ngokombhalo ofanayo, inkampani “广安松针实业有限公司” kanye ne-Southwest Agricultural University (西南农业大学) badala umkhiqizo; kamuva itiye lawa.
- Ukuphikisana. Iphephandaba i-”Zhōnghuá hézuò shíbào” (中华合作时报, 2018) libhala ngendlela ehlukile: inkampani enaleli gama yasungulwa ngo-2000 futhi yavalwa ngo-2006 ngenxa yezikweletu, kuyilapho ukuchuma komkhiqizo kwakungama-1990s. Umehluko wezinsuku awuchazwa yimithombo.
- Ngo-2003. Umbhalo wango-2024 ubhala ukuthi imboni yaqala ukuvuselelwa ngusomabhizinisi owabuyela ekhaya; iphephandaba lango-2018 libala neminye imizamo, ngo-2010 nango-2017.
- Ngo-2016. Ngokwesimemezelo sesifunda, i-Qiánfēng yabhalisa “广安松针” njengophawu lukahulumeni lwesitifiketi; izinkampani zilusebenzisa kuphela ngemvume.
- Ngo-2018. Uphawu lusohlwini lwezimpawu ezibhalisiwe zase-Sìchuān lwangoMashi 2018.
- Ngo-2021. Umbiko womsebenzi kahulumeni wesifunda (ngoMashi 2022) ubhala ukuthi “广安松针茶叶” wafakwa ohlwini lokubhaliswa kukahulumeni kwezimpawu zendawo zemikhiqizo yezolimo. Irekhodi ngokwalo lombhalo angikawuboni.
- Ngo-2026. Kumateriali ka-Ephreli 2026, isazi sezolimo sesifunda sibiza “广安松针” ngomkhiqizo ongaphansi kokuvikelwa kukahulumeni kwesimpawu sendawo; ukuthi imuphi umthetho oshoyo, akucaci embhalweni.
Imiklomelo: Ngokwephephandaba lango-2018 nangezincazelo eziyinkomba: ngo-1994 umklomelo wesifundazwe “Gānlù bēi” (甘露杯), ngo-1995 igolide le-China Agricultural Exhibition yesibili, ngo-1997 umklomelo “Zhōngchá bēi” (中茶杯) we-China Tea Society, ngo-2000 igolide le-China International Tea Fair.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokombhalo wango-2026, umkhosi wokuvuna itiye wenziwa unyaka wesithupha, ngo-2026 wengezwe nomncintiswano wokuvuna nokwenza itiye.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe

Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Akabiziwe emithonjeni etholakele.
Izinto ezingavuthiwe: Izincazelo eziyinkomba zikhuluma ngemiqumbe yasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo namacembe anoboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo (白毫显露); izinga eliqondile lokuvuna alikho emithonjeni etholakele.
Isikhathi sokuvuna: Intwasahlobo yokuqala, ngokwencazelo eyinkomba; iphephandaba lango-2018 libhala ukuthi isikhathi sokuvuna esifundeni siqala ngoMashi.
Ukubhalwa kwezihlahla: Ngokombhalo wango-2026, izihlahla zetiye esifundeni zinikezwe izinombolo, okungathi “omazisi” (身份证编号).

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: IMpumalanga ye-Sìchuān (川东), umthambeka osentshonalanga wezintaba zase-Huáyíngshān.
Izimo: Ngokwehhovisi lezolimo lesifunda (ngo-2021): umehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku, umswakama ophezulu, inkungu, inhlabathi enothe ngezinto eziphilayo.
Ihlathi likaphayini: Ngokomateriali wango-2026, itiye likhula ngaphansi kukaphayini; enye yezindawo ibizwa kanjalo, “ingadi yetiye ephilayo ehlathini likaphayini entabeni i-Huáyíngshān”.
Ukuphakama, uhlobo lwenhlabathi, izinombolo zesimo sezulu: Idatha ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.
Izindawo: Izinombolo ziyaphikisana ngoba kubalwa izinto ezahlukene:
- ngokwempendulo yehhovisi lezolimo lesifunda (ngo-2021), ama-mu angu-12 750, amathani angu-60 etiye ngonyaka;
- ngokombhalo osewebhusayithini yesifunda (ngoSepthemba 2023), indawo yase-Lóngtān nase-Guìxīng ingama-mu angu-5000, lonke itiye lesifunda lingama-mu angu-12 000;
- umbhalo kahulumeni wesifunda (ngoJuni 2024) ubala ama-mu angu-18 000 ezindawo zika-”广安松针” kanye nohlobo “安吉白茶” ndawonye;
- ngokomateriali wango-2026, kuvuselelwe izivande ezindala ezingaphezu kwama-mu angu-1600.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Amapharamitha obuchwepheshe awekho emithonjeni etholakele. Incazelo eyinkomba ibala ubuchwepheshe bendabuko: ukumisa uketshezi (杀青, shāqīng), ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng), ukugazinga kwesibili (二炒, èrchǎo) nokomisa okokugcina ebhodweni (辉锅, huīguō). Iphephandaba lango-2018 labala izinyathelo eziyishumi zokucubungula okuyisisekelo enkampanini eyodwa, phakathi kwazo ukusonteka ngendwangu (包揉, bāoróu), kanye nezinyathelo eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuqeda. Ngokombhalo wesifunda (ngo-2024), enye yezinkampani inefekthri engaphezu kwamathani angu-120 etiye ngonyaka.

Ngezansi uhlelo olujwayelekile lwetiye eliluhlaza elimise okw enalithi, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe be-Guǎng’ān Sōngzhēn:

Ukusabalalisa amacembe amasha (摊放, tānfàng): Icephe lilahla ingxenye yomswakama.
Ukumisa uketshezi (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa uketshezi.
Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukubunjwa kube inalithi (理条, lǐtiáo): Icephe lidonswa libe imicu eqondile ezacile.
Ukumisa (烘干, hōnggān).

6. Izici Zokuzwa Nokubona

Incazelo engezansi ithathwe ezincazelweni eziyinkomba; umbhalo wophawu onezimfuneko zokubukeka angikawuboni.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imicu ezacile, eminyene, eyindilinga futhi eqondile njengenalithi; umbala uluhlaza njenge-emeraldi, uboya obumhlophe buyabonakala (条索细紧圆直似针，色泽翠绿，白毫显露).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lotshwala: Liphakeme futhi lihlanzekile (香气高爽).
Ukunambitheka: Kusha futhi kuthambile (滋味鲜醇).
Umbala wotshwala: Obala futhi oqhakazile (汤色清澈明亮).
Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Lithambile, lilingana futhi liqhakazile (叶底嫩匀明亮).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Idatha yemizamo yomzimba neyekhemikhali ngokwezinga ayikho emithonjeni etholakele. Kumateriali wango-2026, isazi sezolimo sesifunda sithi itiye elingaphansi kukaphayini licebile ngama-anthocyanin, “okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-50 kunetiye elijwayelekile”. Indlela nephuzu lokuqhathanisa akubalwa kumateriali; lokhu kuyisitatimende, hhayi inkomba elinganisiwe.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
Isitsha: Ingilazi ebonisa phakathi, lapho izinalithi zibonakala zisukuma emanzini; kungasebenza naleyo gaiwan emhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha.
2. Faka itiye bese uthela amanzi odongeni.
3. Ukucwiliswa kokuqala, ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-40–60.
4. Phuza, ushiye ingxenye yotshwala.
5. Thela amanzi futhi.
6. Ukuphinda uthele amanzi kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Ephasisheni elivalekile, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama namaphunga. Kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nokukhwabanisa

Intengo: Ngokwempendulo yehhovisi lezolimo lesifunda (ngo-2021), itiye lesifunda, eliluhlaza, elibomvu nelimhlophe, lalibiza kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-15 000 yuan nge-jīn (500 g); lokhu kuhlukahluka akubhekiswa ku-”广安松针” kuphela. Ngokwephephandaba lango-2018, ibhokisi letiye elihle esitolo senkampani eyodwa lalibiza ngaphezu kwe-1800 yuan; isisindo sebhokisi asibaliwe.
Isikali: Umkhiqizo wonke wetiye wesifunda ngo-2023 walinganiselwa ku-80 million yuan.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Bheka uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo “广安松针”: ngokwesimemezelo sesifunda, lungasetshenziswa kuphela ngemvume.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi ungowasesifundeni i-Qiánfēng kumasipala wedolobha i-Guǎng’ān.
- Iqabunga liyinalithi eqondile ezacile eluhlaza njenge-emeraldi enoboya obubonakalayo, utshwala bubala futhi buqhakazile.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Ngokombhalo wesifunda, umkhiqizo wadalwa ngokubambisana nenyuvesi, i-Southwest Agricultural University, ngasekupheleni kwama-1980s.
Igama “inalithi kaphayini” linikezwe ngokumila kweqabunga, kodwa lapha lihambisana nendawo: ingxenye yezivande ingaphansi kukaphayini.
Ngokwesimemezelo sesifunda, itiye elimhlophe “蓥山皇片” lenkampani yendawo ngo-2022 lathola igolide ku-World Green Tea Competition.
Ngokomateriali wango-2026, enye yezingadi ikota yokuqala yamukele cishe izivakashi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye ama-inalithi namatiye ase-Sìchuān

Ānhuà Sōngzhēn (安化松针): Itiye eliluhlaza elimise okw enalithi lesifunda sase-Ānhuà e-Húnán; igama elifanayo “inalithi kaphayini”, isifundazwe esihlukile.
Zhèjiāng Sōngzhēn (浙江松针): Itiye eliluhlaza elimise okw enalithi lesifunda sase-Chún’ān e-Zhèjiāng.
Diānhóng Sōngzhēn (滇红松针): Itiye elibomvu lase-Yúnnán elinokumila okufanayo: “inalithi kaphayini” lisho ukumila, hhayi isigaba.
Bā Shān Què Shé (巴山雀舌): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Sìchuān, kodwa liyisicaba, limise okwe-”ulimi lwendlovana”.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Guǎng’ān Sōngzhēn itiye eliluhlaza elimise okw enalithi lezintaba zase-Huáyíngshān empumalanga ye-Sìchuān: inalithi eqondile eluhlaza njenge-emeraldi enoboya obumhlophe, utshwala obala, iphunga eliphakeme nelihlanzekile nokunambitheka okusha. Umkhiqizo waqoqa imiklomelo ngawo-1990s, wehla futhi manje uyabuya kanye nezivande ezivuselelwe kanye nophawu lwango-2016. Izinsuku zomlando wokuqala imithombo izibala ngokuhlukile, futhi amapharamitha obuchwepheshe awekho kuyo.