Wǔyíshān qízhǒng

I-Wuyishan Qizhong (Wǔyíshān qízhǒng, 武夷山奇种) wuphawu lwendawo lwedolobhana lase-Wuyishan (武夷山市) esifundeni sase-Nanping, esifundazweni sase-Fujian, ngeqembu elilodwa kwezinhlanu lezimpahla zetiye le-Wuyi rock oolong. Izinga likazwelonke le-Wuyi Yancha lihlukanisa umkhiqizo ube yi-Da Hong Pao, izihlahla ezinamagama, i-Rougui, i-Shuixian, ne-Qizhong; leli qembu lokugcina selithole uphawu lwalo. Igama lisho “izinhlobo eziyinqaba”. Ezincwadini zezohwebo kubizwa kanjalo itiye le-rock elivela kubantu bendawo bembewu - “itiye lemifino” (菜茶, càichá), okwake kwakhethwa kulo izihlahla ezinamagama ezidumile. Izinga ngokwalo alinikezi le ncazelo, futhi lokhu kuphawula kubalulekile kuso sonke isihloko.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi

Uhlobo: I-Oolong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá). I-Qizhong iyiqembu ngaphakathi kwe-Wuyi Yancha, futhi i-Wuyi Yancha izinga likazwelonke i-GB/T 18745—2006 liyichaza njenge-oolong.
Isigaba: Iqembu lezimpahla zetiye le-rock ngaphansi kophawu lwendawo yalo. Akusilo uhlobo lwesihlahla noma isigaba esihlukile.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Nanping (南平, Nánpíng), idolobhana lase-Wuyishan (武夷山市, Wǔyíshān shì).
Indawo: Uhlu lwezifundazwe lwezimpawu lubiza idolobhana lase-Wuyishan njengokunamathela komphathi wophawu; umngcele womthetho wendawo angiwuphicaphicanga. I-Wuyi Yancha ngokwayo ivikelwe kulo lonke idolobhana.
Indlela yokuvikela: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sendawo noma lweqoqo lwe-CNIPA № 15669135, impahla - itiye. Ohlwini lwangomhla zingama-30 kuNhlangulana 2026 ukubhaliswa kuyasebenza.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Azikhonjisiwe kuphawu. Indawo ye-Wuyi Yancha ingu-117°37′22″–118°19′44″ empumalanga kanye no-27°27′31″–28°04′49″ enyakatho.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

Umlando:
- Amazinga amadala etiye le-rock. Ngokulandisa okuvela ezincwadini zetiye, ngo-1921 u-Jiang Shunan emibhalweni yakhe yohambo wahlukanisa itiye le-rock ngamazinga amane: i-qizhong ephezulu, i-qizhong, i-mingzhong, ne-xiaozhong (上奇种、奇种、茗种、小种). Kamuva abanye ababhali banikeza izikali ezihlukaniswe kabanzi, lapho igama elithi “qizhong” lalivela emagameni ezigaba ezimbalwa eziphezulu, isibonelo i-mingcong qizhong, i-dancong qizhong, i-dingshang qizhong. Okusho ukuthi i-”qizhong” kwakuyisikhathi eside iyigama lesigaba sekhwalithi, hhayi kuphela imvelaphi.
- Kusuka ku-qizhong kuya ezihlahleni ezinamagama. Ngokwencazelo emaphephandabeni ezohwebo, i-qizhong yitiye elivela kubantu bendawo bembewu 菜茶 elivela ezindaweni zamatshe wangempela (正岩); kulo kwakhethwa izihlahla ezingcono kakhulu (单丛), futhi ezingcono kakhulu kuzo, ngemuva kokuthola amagama, zaba izihlahla ezinamagama (名丛).
- 2002–2006. I-Wuyi Yancha yathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa njengomkhiqizo wendawo yemvelaphi (2002); izinga i-GB/T 18745—2006 laqinisa i-qizhong njengelinye lamaqembu ezinhlanu ezimpahla, elinamazinga amane - kusuka phezulu kuya kwesithathu.
- Uphawu. Uphawu lwesitifiketi noma lweqoqo “武夷山奇种” № 15669135 lubhaliswe ngokuhlukile egameni le-Wuyi Yancha. Umphathi nonyaka wokubhaliswa akutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- 2026. Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezinga i-GB/T 18745—2026 (kusebenza kusukela ngomhla ka-1 Ephreli 2027) kugcina i-qizhong phakathi kwamaqembu amakhulu; ngokulandisa kwabezindaba, kulungiselelwe amazinga amathathu - aphezulu, owokuqala, nowesibili - esikhundleni samane angaphambili. Umbhalo ogcwele angiwubonanga.
Igama:
- “Wuyishan” (武夷山) yigama lezintaba kanye nedolobhana.
- “Qizhong” (奇种, qízhǒng) - “izinhlobo eziyinqaba”. Ekulandiseni kwabezindaba - yindlela amakhosi amadala ayebiza ngayo izihlahla ezinemibala exubile, ezingefani nabanye, zabantu bembewu, ezazikhule phakathi kwamatshe.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Qizhong iyimpande yokukhethwa kwezitshalo zase-Wuyishan: izihlahla ezinamagama, i-Wuyishan edume ngazo, ngokwezincazelo, zakhethwa kubantu bembewu abafanayo.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Ezincazelweni zezohwebo - abantu bendawo bembewu 菜茶: izihlahla ezandiswa ngembewu, ngakho ngasinye sihluke kancane kumasayithi.
Ukungafani nezinga: Izinga lika-2006 lichaza yonke i-Wuyi Yancha njengetiye elivela ezinhlotsheni ezandiswa nge-clone, futhi lidinga ukwandiswa kwe-clone kwezithombo. Ukuthi lokhu kuhambisana kanjani nemvelo yembewu ye-qizhong yakudala, akuchaziwe emithonjeni etholakele; umngcele weqembu angiwudwebi lapha.
Izinga lokuvuna: Elijwayelekile le-Wuyi Yancha: ukuvuna ngokuvuleka kweqabunga eliphezulu - kusuka emaqabungeni amabili kuya kwamane kuye ngokuthi livuleke kangakanani, okungcono kakhulu kubhekwa ukuvuleka okuphakathi. Azikho izidingo ezihlukile zezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-qizhong.
Isikhathi sokuvuna: Njenge-Wuyi Yancha - entwasahlobo eduze kwesizini ye-Guyu (谷雨), ehlobo eduze kwe-Xiaoman (小满), ekwindla ngemuva kwe-Liqiu (立秋).

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala

Isifunda: Izintaba zase-Wuyishan enyakatho ye-Fujian; ngokwezinga - imikhiqizo emincane enomswakama ophakathi kwamathambeka, amagquma, nemifudlana emine.
Isimo sezulu: Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi ngu-18–18,5 °C, imvula ecishe ibe ngu-2000 mm, umswakama ucishe ube ngu-80 %.
Inhlabathi: Igraveli yentaba-mlilo, isihlabathi esibomvu, ne-slate; ungqimba omkhulu we-humus, i-pH 4–6.
Izindawo zokukhula: Ngokwencazelo emaphephandabeni ezohwebo, ekuqondeni kwakudala i-qizhong yitiye lezindawo zamatshe wangempela; itiye elivela ngaphandle kwazo ohwebeni lwakudala lalibizwa ngenye indlela - i-mingzhong (名种). Ezingeni lemithetho lokhu kuhlukaniswa akuqinisiwe.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Abukho ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile be-qizhong emithonjeni etholakele. Izinga linikeza ukulandelana okuvamile kwayo yonke i-Wuyi Yancha:

Ukomiswa elangeni noma endlini (晒青 / 萎凋, shàiqīng / wěidiāo).
Ukunyakazisa nokwenza i-oxidation (做青, zuòqīng).
Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng).
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn).
Ukomisa (烘干, hōnggān): ukomisa kokuqala, ukuphola, ukomisa kabusha - kutholakala itiye eliluhlaza (毛茶, máochá).
Ukuqeda: ukuhlunga, ukukhetha ngezihlungi, ukukhipha iziqu, ukupeperula, ukuhlanganisa izingxenyana, ukomisa, ukuxuba ube yinqwaba efanayo, ukupakisha.

Lena indlela yezinga yawo wonke amaqembu e-Wuyi Yancha, hhayi incazelo eqinisekiswe ngokukhethekile ngeqizhong.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho

Izinga i-GB/T 18745—2006 linikeza iqembu le-qizhong ithebula elihlukile. Ngezansi - izinga eliphezulu (特级) kanye nezinga lokuqala (一级) kubakaki.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Liminyene futhi linesisindo (紧结重实), umbala uhlanzekile, ucwebezelayo okwesamaretha (翠润); ulinganayo, uhlanzekile. Ezingeni lokuqala - umane uminyene (结实), ucwebezela ngamafutha (油润).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Azikho izincazelo emithonjeni etholakele.
Iphunga lomuthi: Liphezulu futhi lihlanzekile (清高); ezingeni lokuqala - lihlanzekile (清纯).
Ukunambitheka: Kuhlanzekile, kuthambile, kumnandi futhi kusha, nokuzwana kwamatshe (清醇甘爽、岩韵显); ezingeni lokuqala - kugcwele impela, ukuzwana kwamatshe kucacile (尚醇厚、岩韵明).
Umbala womuthi: Ophuzi okwegolide, ocacile (金黄清澈).
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Lithambile, licwebezelayo, lilinganayo, linomngcele obomvu ogqamile (软亮匀齐、红边鲜艳).

Izinga	Iphunga	Ukunambitheka	Umuthi	Isisekelo setiye
特级	清高	清醇甘爽、岩韵显	金黄清澈	软亮匀齐、红边鲜艳
一级	清纯	尚醇厚、岩韵明	较金黄清澈	软亮较匀齐、红边明显
二级	尚浓	尚醇正	金黄稍深	尚软亮匀整
三级	平正	欠醇	橙黄稍深	欠匀稍亮

Eceleni kwamanye amaqembu kuyabonakala umehluko: ku-Da Hong Pao iphunga lezinga eliphezulu “libukhali, lijiyile futhi lide noma licolekile, lihlanzekile futhi likude”, ku-qizhong - “liphezulu futhi lihlanzekile”. Amagama ezinga achaza i-qizhong njengephrofayela elula futhi ehlanzekile.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Azikho izinkomba ezihlukile ze-qizhong; kusebenza imikhawulo ejwayelekile ye-Wuyi Yancha: umswakama ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 %, umlotha ophelele ungabi ngaphezu kuka-6,5 %, imvuthela ingabi ngaphezu kuka-15,0 %, uthuli lungabi ngaphezu kuka-1,3 %. Imininingwane nge-polyphenols, ama-amino acid, ne-caffeine ye-qizhong ngokwayo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukuphisa

Umkhuba wezinga letiye le-rock oolong.

Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 95–100 °C.
Inani letiye: 7–8 g nge-gaiwan engu-110 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan noma i-Yixing teapot.
Inqubo:
1. Shisa izitsha.
2. Geza kafushane iqabunga ngamanzi abilayo.
3. Ukumunca kokuqala - imizuzwana engu-10–20.
4. Kwengeza imizuzwana embalwa ekugezeni ngakunye.
5. Ukugeza kahlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa.

9. Ukugcina

Umkhuba wezinga. Kuvaliwe, endaweni eyomile futhi epholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle.

10. Intengo Nemikhohlisi

Ayikho imininingwane ngamanani emithonjeni etholakele.

Indlela yokugwema imikhohlisi:
- Bheka uphawu № 15669135 noma uphawu lwendawo ye-Wuyi Yancha kanye nomkhiqizi ovela edolobhaneni lase-Wuyishan.
- Ngokwezinga, ilebula ikhombisa igama leqembu (品种) nezinga - “奇种” kanye nesinye sezigaba kusuka ku-特级 kuya ku-三级.
- Umuthi ngokwezinga uphuzi okwegolide futhi ucacile, iqabunga linomngcele obomvu.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

Igama elithi “qizhong” laliyigama lesigaba sekhwalithi isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba libe igama leqembu lezimpahla lezinga.
Ngokwezincazelo, kubantu bembewu abafanayo abanikeze i-qizhong, kwakhethwa futhi izihlahla ezinamagama zase-Wuyishan.
I-qizhong ezingeni lika-2006 inamazinga amane - wona lawa akwa-Shuixian, futhi amaningi kune-Da Hong Pao ne-Rougui.
Imvelo yembewu ye-qizhong yakudala kanye nedinga lezinga lokwandiswa kwe-clone kuyaphikisana - lokhu kungumbuzo ovulekile.

12. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye ase-Wuyishan

I-Wuyi Yancha (武夷岩茶): Igama lesambulela, lapho i-qizhong ingelinye lamaqembu amahlanu.
I-Da Hong Pao (大红袍): Iqembu elidume kakhulu; ezingeni eliphezulu - iphunga “elibukhali, elijiyile futhi elide noma elicolekile, elihlanzekile futhi elikude” ngokumelene “nephezulu futhi elihlanzekile” le-qizhong.
I-Tie Luohan (铁罗汉): Esinye sezihlahla ezinamagama zase-Wuyishan; ngokwezincazelo zezohwebo, izihlahla ezinamagama zakhethwa ngokukhetha kubantu bendawo bembewu abafanayo.
I-Shuixian (水仙): Uhlobo olungenisiwe olunamazinga amane afanayo, kodwa nokunambitheka kwesihlahla okucacile.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Wuyishan Qizhong iyiqembu letiye le-rock lase-Wuyishan, igama lalo elidala kunezinga ngokwalo. Kugcine igama elithi “qizhong” lalivela emagameni ezigaba eziphezulu zekhwalithi futhi lalichaza izihlahla ezinemibala exubile zabantu bembewu phakathi kwamatshe; namuhla lingelinye lamaqembu amahlanu ezinga elinethebula lalo - iphunga eliphezulu elihlanzekile, ukunambitheka okuhlanzekile okumnandi, umuthi ophuzi okwegolide, neqabunga elinomngcele obomvu ogqamile - kanye nophawu lwalo. Ukuthi umngcele walo uhlangana kuphi nezinhlobo ze-clone, amadokhumenti awakasho okwamanje.