Guóshèng chá

UGosheng Cha (Guóshèng chá, 国胜茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lasesigodini saseGosheng (国胜乡) esifundeni saseYanbian (盐边县) ngaphansi kwedolobha lasePanzhihua (攀枝花市) eningizimu yesifundazwe saseSichuan, emngceleni weYunnan. Amasimu alele phansi kwentaba iBailinshan ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-1600 kuya kwangama-2500. Ngokwencazelo yesifunda, ukukhanya kwelanga isikhathi eside, umehluko omkhulu wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku kanye namahlathi amaningi kunikeza leli tiye iphunga lemvelo le-orchid, elaziwa ngayo endaweni yasePanzhihua naseXichang. Kusukela ngo-2008, iGosheng Cha ingumkhiqizo onezimpawu zendawo; isifunda sithi ingumkhiqizo waso wokuqala onjalo.

1. Isigaba kanye Nemvelaphi

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá). Izincazelo zithi itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni eliphilayo; umbhalo wokuvikela onombhalo wesigaba angikaze ngiwubone.
• Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni laseningizimu yeSichuan; umkhiqizo onezimpawu zendawo (2008).
• Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe saseSichuan (四川, Sìchuān), idolobha lasePanzhihua (攀枝花, Pānzhīhuā), isifunda saseYanbian, isigodi saseGosheng.
• Indawo yokuvikela: Amayunithi amahlanu esifunda saseYanbian: idolobhana laseYongxing (永兴镇) kanye nezigodi zaseGosheng (国胜乡), eHongbao (红宝乡), eQinghe (箐河乡) naseWenquan (温泉乡). Uhlu luthathwe ekuphrintweni kwesimemezelo; angikaze ngiluqhathanise nomthombo wokuqala.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-26–27° wenyakatho no-101–102° wempumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko

• Umlando:
  • 2001. Ngokwencazelo yereferensi, iGosheng Cha yathola umklomelo wesifundazwe wetiye eliluhlaza elisezingeni eliphezulu emqhudelwaneni we-VI we-«Emei».
  • 2002. Indondo yegolide yomqhudelwano wamazwe ngamazwe wamatiye adumile we-«Mengdingshan» kanye nesitifiketi se-«umkhiqizo oluhlaza» sezinga A.
  • 2005. Isitifiketi setiye eliphilayo.
  • 2008. I-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo esingu-No. 136 yavikela iGosheng Cha njengomkhiqizo onezimpawu zendawo; ireferensi ithi isinqumo sinomhla ziyi-10 kuZibandlela 2008. Amaphephandaba athi unyaka wokuqashelwa ngu-2010; ukungafani angikaze ngikuxazulule. Isifunda saseYanbian sithi iGosheng Cha ingumkhiqizo waso wokuqala onezimpawu zendawo; izincazelo zereferensi zithi ingowokuqala kulo lonke idolobha lasePanzhihua.
  • 2023. Ohlwini lwesithupha lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angaphatheki lwaseSichuan kufakwe «ubuchwepheshe bokwenza itiye laseYanbian» (盐边茶制作技艺) — njengegatsha lobuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza laseSichuan.
  • 2024. Isifunda sabika ukuthi embukisweni wetiye wamazwe ngamazwe we-XIII waseSichuan isiqu se-«itiye legolide» sitholwe umkhiqizo wendawo ngaphansi kwegama elithi «国胜白茶»; ukuthi ungasiphi isigaba, akushiwongo embikweni.
• Igama: «Gosheng» (国胜) yigama lesigodi lapho kukhona amasimu amakhulu.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ngokombiko wesifunda, isigodi saseGosheng senze itiye laba imboni ehamba phambili futhi sakha kulo uphawu lomphakathi lwe-«国胜茶» kanye nepaki yesimanje yezolimo yetiye.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa

• Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Emasimini esimanje kuchazwe 福鼎大白茶 (Fúdǐng dàbáichá), 名山白毫131 (Míngshān báiháo 131), 名山213 (Míngshān 213) kanye netiye laseYunnan elinamaqabunga amakhulu. Izincazelo zangaphambili zikhuluma ngezinhlobo zendabuko zendawo ezinamaqabunga amancane.
• Izinto zokusetshenziswa: Iziqongo ezithambile kanye nemiqumbe (嫩尖、嫩芽) — ngokwencazelo yereferensi.
• Izinga lokuqoqa: Izinga eliqondile alikho emithonjeni etholakele.
• Isikhathi sokuqoqa: Izinsuku eziqondile azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa

• Isifunda: Iningizimu yeSichuan, umngcele weYunnan — phakathi kwePanzhihua neLijiang. Amasimu amakhulu alele ekujuleni kwezintaba iBailinshan (柏林山; kuvela nokubhalwa okuthi 百灵山).
• Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: 1600–2500 m — ngokwencazelo yesifunda. Incazelo yereferensi ikhuluma ngamasimu ezihlahla ezindala entabeni iBailinshan «cishe amamitha angama-3000»; lesi sibalo ngisithatha njengasangaqinisekiswa.
• Isimo sezulu: Ngokwezincazelo — ukukhanya kwelanga okuhlakazekile unyaka wonke, inkungu, imvula eningi, isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama. Umehluko wamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku mkhulu.
• Inhlabathi: Ezincazelweni — ivundile; uhlobo oluqondile alukho emithonjeni etholakele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza

Incazelo yereferensi ikhuluma ngemishini yesimanje yemishini. Ubuchwepheshe obunemininingwane kanye namapharamitha akukho emithonjeni etholakele. Ngetiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lalesi simo, ukulandelana okuvamile yilokhu:

1. Ukuvutshelwa (摊放, tānfàng): Okufushane, ukuze kususwe ingxenye yomswakama.
2. Ukuqinisa (杀青, shāqīng): Ukushisa kumisa i-oxidation.
3. Ukusontwa (揉捻, róuniǎn).
4. Ukomiswa (干燥, gānzào).

Lokhu kuyindlela ejwayelekile yesigaba, hhayi incazelo yobuchwepheshe beGosheng Cha.

6. Izici Zokuhlangenwe nakho Kwezinzwa

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Iqabunga linesimo esihle, lincane futhi lithambile, liluhlaza okotshani obukhanyayo (叶形秀美，细嫩翠绿).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Incazelo ehlukile ayikho; incazelo yereferensi ithi iphunga limnandi (香气怡人), ingasho ukuthi eleqabunga elomile noma elempushana.
• Iphunga lempushana: Iphunga lemvelo le-orchid (纯天然兰花香) — isici esiyinhloko saleli tiye.
• Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuvuselelayo, okumnandi futhi okuthambile (滋味鲜爽甘醇), nokubuya okumnandi (回甜).
• Umbala wempushana: Uluhlaza okotshani obukhanyayo, ocacile futhi okhanyayo (汤色碧绿明亮).
• Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga elididiyelwe): Izincazelo azikho emithonjeni etholakele.

Izincazelo zendawo zifinyeza ukubukeka emazwini ayisithupha: 形美、叶嫩、汤清、味醇、回甜、香长 — isimo esihle, iqabunga elithambile, umpushana ohlanzekile, ukunambitheka okuthambile, ukubuya okumnandi, iphunga elide.

Enye ireferensi ichaza itiye ngokuhlukile: imiqumbe namaqabunga awugqinsi, izinsongo ezinkulu ezimnyama, umpushana oluhlaza okotshani okhanyayo, ukunambitheka okugcwele okuvuselelayo. Umbhalo onezimfuneko zokubukeka angikaze ngiwubone, futhi ukuthi iyiphi incazelo eseduze nomkhiqizo ovikelwe, angikwazi ukusho.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Imininingwane ye-physicochemical ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

8. Ukudidiyela

Umkhuba wesigaba setiye eliluhlaza.

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Ukushisisa isitsha.
  2. Ukubeka itiye bese uthela amanzi ngasodongeni.
  3. Umpushana wokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60.
  4. Phuza, ushiya ingxenye yempushana.
  5. Thela amanzi futhi.
  6. Ukuthela okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu.

9. Ukugcinwa

Umkhuba wesigaba. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, efrijini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga. Iphunga le-orchid lihamba kuqala, ngakho itiye kungcono uliphuze phakathi nonyaka.

10. Intengo kanye Nemikhohlisi

Imininingwane yezintengo ayikho emithonjeni etholakele.

• Indlela yokugwema imikhohlisi:
  • Bheka uphawu lwendawo.
  • Qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela esifundeni saseYanbian.
  • Iqabunga — lincane futhi liluhlaza okotshani, umpushana — uluhlaza okotshani futhi ucacile, iphunga — le-orchid.

11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo

• Isifunda saseYanbian sithi iGosheng Cha ingumkhiqizo waso wokuqala onezimpawu zendawo.
• Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza itiye laseYanbian kusukela ngo-2023 busohlwini lwesifundazwe lwamagugu angaphatheki.
• Amasimu alele emngceleni wezifundazwe ezimbili, eduze neYunnan, futhi kukhula netiye laseYunnan elinamaqabunga amakhulu.
• Itiye lathola umklomelo walo wokuqala wesifundazwe ngo-2001 — iminyaka eyisikhombisa ngaphambi kokuvikelwa.

12. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza aseSichuan

• UZhuyeqing (竹叶青): Itiye elisicaba lentaba i-Emei; kwiGosheng Cha iqabunga lincane futhi lithambile, futhi kugxilwe ephungeni le-orchid.
• UMengding Ganlu (蒙顶甘露): Itiye elisontiwe lentaba iMengdingshan, enye yezindawo ezindala kakhulu zetiye eSichuan.
• UQifo Gongcha (七佛贡茶): Itiye elisicaba lasezintabeni lasenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe, emkhawulweni ophambene weSichuan.

Ekuphetheni:

UGosheng Cha itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni laseningizimu yeSichuan elinamasimu ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-1600 kuya kwangama-2500, iphunga le-orchid, umpushana oluhlaza okotshani kanye nokubuya okumnandi. Imibhalo ngalo mincane, kodwa iyavumelana: imiklomelo kusukela ngo-2001, ukuvikelwa kusukela ngo-2008 kanye namagugu esifundazwe kubuchwepheshe kusukela ngo-2023.

Imithombo

Inkomba yendawo

• 原质检总局地理标志产品保护 №2008年第136号

Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo