I-Shaowu Suitong Cha (Shàowǔ suìtóng chá, 邵武碎铜茶) itiye eliluhlaza lasesifundeni sasedolobheni i-Shaowu (邵武市) esifundeni sasedolobheni i-Nanping enyakatho yesifundazwe sase-Fujian; ngokuchazayo, “itiye laseShaowu eliqhephula ithusi.” Igama livela enkolelweni yendawo: uma uhlafuna iqabunga kanye nohlamvu lwemali lwethusi lwakudala, uhlamvu lwemali luba ntekenteke futhi luyagqashuka. Isizathu, ngokwemibiko, asikatholakali. Kuvikelwa yizinqubo ezintathu: uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2009), umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2012, ngo-2025 izidingo zathathelwa indawo yisimemezelo esisha) kanye nophawu lwezolimo lwendawo.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi
- Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) elomiswa emshinini wokomisa. Lolu hlelo lubekwe yizidingo zika-2012; abezindaba baseNanping babhala ngqo ukuthi “碎铜茶 (绿茶).”
- Isigaba: Uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (2009), umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo (2012; 2025), uphawu lwezolimo lwendawo (unyaka awutholakalanga emithonjeni etholakele).
- Isixwayiso: Ngaphansi kwegama elithi “碎铜” kuthengiswa netiye elibomvu; izidingo zombhalo wokuvikela zichaza itiye eliluhlaza kuphela.
- Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Nanping (南平, Nánpíng), isifunda sasedolobheni i-Shaowu (邵武, Shàowǔ).
- Indawo evikelwe: Yonke indawo yamanje yesifunda sasedolobheni i-Shaowu. Umnyombo yidolobhana i-Heping (和平镇, Hépíng; isipelingi esidala 禾坪) kanye nezintaba zase-Wuyangfeng (武阳峰) ezineziqongo i-Cuiyun, i-Jinyun, i-Liuxian ne-Lingying.
- Izixhumanisi zendawo: Ayikho imininingwane emithonjeni etholakele.
2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko
- Umlando:
- ISung. “Umlando Wemboni Yetiye yaseNyakatho Fujian” (《闽北茶业志》) ubhala ukuthi ngesikhathi samaSung amatiye adumile ayesenziwa hhayi kuphela eFuzhou naseJianzhou, kodwa nasesifundeni sezempi saseShaowu. NgoNovemba 1998 entabeni i-Fengchishan (idolobhana i-Shuibei) kwatholakala ithuna langeSung elinezitsha zetiye zesiliva — ibhokisi lempushana yetiye, ubhasikidi wamaqebelengwane, izinkezo.
- I-Qing. Ngokombiko wabezindaba baseFujian (2023), edolobhaneni iPingshan laseHeping ngasebhulohu kukhona itshe lesikhumbuzo elinombhalo othi “ingadi yetiye yombusi i-Guanyinkeng yanikela ngamasheke esiliva angamashumi amabili”; usuku lwalo ekulandiseni luyaphikisana (unyaka wama-58 kaKangxi — 1719, kanti unyaka womjikelezo oshiwo eceleni 乙亥 — 1695). “Umlando Wesifunda SaseShaowu” wonyaka kaXianfeng, ngokwencwadi efanayo, usuwazi kakade “碎铜茶.”
- Ngaphambi kwegama. Ngokomagazini i-“Yanhuang zongheng” (2019), abalimi baseHeping kanye ngonyaka babekha amaqabunga ezihlahla zasendle entabeni i-Guanxingshan (izintaba zase-Wuyangfeng) futhi benze itiye eliluhlaza “iguanxingcha” (观星茶); igama elithi “suitong” lafika kamuva, futhi ukuthi nini — akukho mibhalo eqondile.
- 1992. Ngatiye kwabhala iphephandaba laseHong Kong i-“Dagong bao.”
- 2006. Ukuhlaziywa e-Tea Institute ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; isizathu “sokuqhephuka kwethusi,” ngokulandisa, asitholakalanga.
- 2007. Umklomelo wokuqala womncintiswano wesikhombisa kazwelonke wamatiye adumile “i-Zhongcha bei.”
- 2009. NgoDisemba kwabhaliswa uphawu lwesitifiketi sezindawo (umagazini uthi usuku lwe-13, abezindaba bathi lwe-14).
- 2012. I-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) ngesimemezelo No. 205 samhla ziyi-14 kuZibandlela yathatha “i-邵武碎铜茶” ngaphansi kovikelo njengomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo futhi yavuma izidingo zawo.
- 2025. Ngokwesifinyezo serejista, isimemezelo se-National Intellectual Property Administration No. 640 sathatha indawo yesigaba nge-Shaowu Suitong Cha kanye nesithasiselo sezidingo ezivela esimemezelweni sika-2012. Umbhalo omusha wezidingo awutholakali emithonjeni etholakele.
- Izinganekwane: Ngokwesiko, umfundisi wamaDao uZhang Sanfeng (张三丰) wasindisa ingane eyayigwinye uhlamvu lwemali, wayinika iqabunga letiye elihlafunwayo, — kusukela lapho igama lendawo elithi“itiye likaSanfeng” (三丰茶). Ezinye izinhlobo zikhuluma ngezindela izitsha zazo zethusi ezazicekelwa phansi yileli tiye, kanye nesitshudeni sasekupheleni kweMing esasibambe uhlamvu lwemali emlonyeni ngenkathi siphuza itiye.
- Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bufakwe ohlwini lwamagugu angabonakali ezingeni laseNanping (ngokwesizindalwazi — ngo-2010, ohlwini lwesibili).
3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa
- Izinhlobo / Ama-cultivar: Ngokwezidingo zika-2012 — i-Anhui zhuyezhong (安徽槠叶种), i-Fuyun No. 6 (福云6号) kanye ne-Wuyishan caicha yendawo (武夷菜茶).
- Ukusabalalisa: Ngokwezidingo ezifanayo — ngezinqwaku: ehlobo (uMeyi — ekuqaleni kukaJuni, okuthandwayo) noma ngo-Okthoba.
- Insiza yendawo: Ngokombiko wabezindaba (2023), ingadi engama-mu angama-238 e-Wuyangfeng, ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1180, — indawo yesifundazwe yokuvikela izinsiza zofuzo, futhi zonke izihlahla kuyo zitshalwe ngezinqwaku ezivela ezihlahleni zikamama “zohlobo olukhethekile” lwendawo (奇种, qízhǒng). I-“Fujian keji bao” (2008), ekulandiseni kukamagazini ka-2019, yabhala ukuthi amandla “okuqhephula” anawo amakhulu ambalwa kuphela ezihlahla zasendle engadini engaphezu kwama-mu angama-20.
- Izinga kanye nesikhathi sokukha: Kusukela ngoMashi kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi; kusukela eqhumeni elineqabunga elisanda kuvuleka kuya eqhumeni elinamaqabunga amabili.
4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala
- Isifunda: Imithambeka eseningizimu yezintaba zase-Wuyishan, indawo ephakathi nengaphezulu yomfula i-Futunxi (富屯溪), isingeniswa soMfula i-Minjiang; isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon, imvula eningi, umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku, inkungu evamile.
- Izimo ngokwezidingo zika-2012: Ukuphakama kwamamitha angama-300–800, ukuthambekela okungaphansi kwama-25°, i-pH engu-4.5–6.5, izinto eziphilayo ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-2%, inhlabathi ejulile ebomvu, ephuzi-ebomvu nephuzi, izintaba eziphansi namagquma aphakeme kude nemithombo yokungcola.
- Izintaba zomlando: intaba i-Guanxingshan ezintabeni zase-Wuyangfeng — amamitha ayi-1413 ngokomagazini ka-2019, isiqongo i-Liuxian — cishe amamitha ayi-1500 ngokwesizindalwazi; umnyombo womlando ungaphezu kwebanga elibekwe yizidingo zezingadi.
- Isilinganiso: Ngokombiko wabezindaba (2023), i-suitongcha ikhiqizwa izinkampani nama-cooperative angama-27 ezingadini ezingama-mu angama-26,000.
5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza
Ngokwezidingo zesimemezelo sika-2012:
- I-Racking (摊青, tānqīng): Ezisefeni zikabamboo ungqimba olungaphezu kwamasentimitha ama-5, kuze kube yilapho iqabunga lithamba futhi lilahlekelwa ukucwebezela.
- I-Fixation (杀青, shāqīng): Emshinini wesigubhu ku-100–200 °C, imizuzu eyi-1–2: iqabunga lisuka kokuluhlaza okusha liya kokuluhlaza kwe-emerald, esandleni lihlangana libe yinqwaba, isiqu siyagoba, singaphuli.
- I-Rolling (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ingcindezi ishintshaniswa “kalula — kakhulu — kalula,” okuncane kuyabusa; iqabunga elithambile — imizuzu engama-20–25.
- I-Drying (烘焙, hōngbèi): Ngezigaba ezintathu emshinini wokomisa — kuze kube ngumswakama wama-40–45% ngokuphola kwemizuzu engama-30–40, bese kuba ngu-18–20% ngokuphola kwamahora ayi-1–2, bese komiswa kwaze kwoma, ngaphansi kwe-7%, kuze kube yilapho iqabunga ligayeka phakathi kweminwe libe yimpushana.
- I-Sorting (精选, jīngxuǎn): Ukukhetha izingcwecwe, imvuthuluka neziqu; uthuli etiyeni eliqediwe alukho ngaphezu kwe-1.3%.
6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic
Isilinganiso — izidingo zika-2012.
- Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonta okuncane okuhle, okuluhlaza okunomsoco, okulinganayo nokuhlanzekile (条细秀，色泽绿润、匀整洁净).
- Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Akukho ncazelo ehlukile emithonjeni etholakele.
- Iphunga lokuphisa: Okusha, okuvuselelayo, okuhlanzekile (香鲜爽纯); embhalweni wezidingo kubhalwe “粟香纯正” — ngokwezwi nezwi “iphunga elihlanzekile lamabele.” Ochwepheshe bomncintiswano ka-2007, ngokulandisa kukamagazini, bakhuluma ngephunga le-castnut (栗香), ngakho embhalweni mhlawumbe kukhona iphutha lokubhala; imithombo ayilungisi lokhu kungafani.
- I-Flavour: Okusha, okuqinile nokuthambile (味鲜浓醇).
- Umbala wokuphisa: Oluhlaza okotshani othambile (汤色嫩绿).
- Iqabunga elithe evilwe (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Luhlaza okotshani othambile; itiye limelana nokuphisa okuningi (叶底嫩绿，耐冲泡).
7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Izidingo zika-2012 zibeka ubuncane:
| Inkomba | Izinga |
|---|---|
| Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini | azikho ngaphansi kwe-40 % |
| Ama-amino acid | awekho ngaphansi kwe-4.0 % |
Ezinye izibalo — ukulandisa ngaphandle kwamaphrothokholi ashicilelwe: ngokuhlaziywa kuka-2006 ama-polyphenol “aphindwe kathathu kunetiye elijwayelekile,” ama-tannins ne-caffeine ngokuphawulekayo amaningi; isifinyezo serejista sibhala ngama-amino acid “aphakeme ngokuphindwe kanye noma kabili kunokujwayelekile.”
8. Ukuphisa
Umkhuba wekilasi letiye eliluhlaza.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C.
- Inani letiye: amagremu ama-3 kumamililitha ayi-150.
- Isitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi — embikweni ka-2015 itiye eliluhlaza i-suitongcha laphiswa kuyona.
- Inqubo: Shisisa isitsha, thela amanzi ngasodongeni, ukuphisa kokuqala — ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-40–60, bese kuba ukuphisa okuphindwe kabili noma kathathu, ushiya ingxenye yokuphisa.
9. Ukugcina
Umkhuba wekilasi. Emaphaketheni avaliwe, esiqandisini ku-0–5 °C, ngaphandle kokukhanya, umswakama nephunga; kungcono ukuphuza phakathi nonyaka.
10. Intengo Nokomgunyathi
Ayikho imininingwane ngezintengo emithonjeni etholakele.
- Uzivikela kanjani ekugunyeni:
- Bheka uphawu lomkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo noma uphawu lwesitifiketi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizi uvela eShaowu.
- Ukuhlolwa ngohlamvu lwemali akunakuthembeka, umphumela wawo uncike ohlanyini lwemali uqobo: embikweni we-“Minbei ribao” (2015) intatheli yabamba uhlamvu lwemali emaqabungeni etiye elibomvu le-suitongcha imizuzu emithathu kuya kwemihlanu — alithambanga, kodwa laba ntekenteke lahlukana izingxenye ezintathu, kanti umnikazi wesitolo waxwayisa ukuthi ngamakhophi esimanje emali umphumela ubuthakathaka.
11. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo
- Umbhali we-athikili kamagazini ka-2019 wafuna itiye ku-“Grand Dictionary of Chinese Tea” (《中国茶叶大辞典》) futhi akazange alithole i-athikili ngalo.
- Amasayithi athandwayo abhala ukuthi i-suitongcha yayinikezwa kakade ngesikhathi seTang; awasho umthombo wokuqala.
12. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye
- I-Songxi Lücha (松溪绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseSongxi esifundeni esifanayo saseNanping, ezansi kwezintaba zase-Wuyishan.
- I-Kunkeng Cha (孔坑茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda saseNinghua entshonalanga yeFujian, nalo elavunywa ngesimemezelo No. 640 ngo-2025.
Ekuphetheni:
I-Shaowu Suitong Cha itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni lasenyakatho yeFujian, elaziwa kakhulu ngenkolelo kunokunambitheka: ukusonta okuncane okuluhlaza okunomsoco, ukuphisa okuluhlaza okotshani othambile, iphunga elisha kanye nohlamvu lwemali oluqhephukayo ngemva kokuhlafunwa neqabunga. Ayikho incazelo yenkolelo, kodwa izidingo zokuvikela zika-2012 zichaza itiye ngokuningiliziwe — kusukela ezinhlotsheni nasekuphakameni kuya kumswakama esigabeni ngasinye sokomisa.
Imithombo
Inkomba yendawo
Uhlu oluphelele — ekhasini elithi Imithombo