Xiāngxiāng shuǐfǔ chá

Xiangxiang Shuifu Cha (Xiāngxiāng shuǐfǔ chá, 湘乡水府茶) ndi tiyi wa mzinda wa Xiangxiang (湘乡市) m’boma la Xiangtan pakati pa chigawo cha Hunan, wochokera m’minda yozungulira nyanja yosungiramo madzi ya Shuifumiao (水府庙水库). Dzinali limatetezedwa ndi chizindikiro cha geographical ndipo limagwira ntchito ngati mtundu wa dera, kumene amapanga tiyi wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana: tawuni yayikulu ya tiyi Maotian, malinga ndi malipoti a 2025, imatulutsa makamaka tiyi wofiira, wobiriwira ndi woyera. Gulu lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa chizindikirochi silinatchulidwe mu magwero omwe tapeza. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha malowa ndi madzi: nyanja yosungiramo madzi imazungulira Maotian mbali zitatu.

1. Gulu ndi Chiyambi

Mtundu: Sizinakhazikitsidwe. Sindinaone chikalata cha chizindikiro chofotokoza za ukadaulo; ku tawuni ya Maotian, dera lalikulu la mtunduwu, amapanga makamaka tiyi wofiira, wobiriwira ndi woyera, ndipo imodzi mwa makampani am’deralo imapanganso tiyi wachikasu. Kunena kuti chizindikirochi ndi cha gulu limodzi lokha kungakhale kulakwitsa.
Gulu: Chizindikiro cha geographical certification (地理标志证明商标 — momwe atolankhani a m’chigawo ananenera mu 2021) ndi mtundu wa dera (区域公共品牌).
Chiyambi: China, chigawo cha Hunan (湖南, Húnán), boma la Xiangtan (湘潭, Xiāngtán), mzinda wa Xiangxiang (湘乡, Xiāngxiāng). Dera lalikulu la tiyi ndi tawuni ya Maotian (毛田镇) pamalire a maboma a Xiangtan ndi Loudi.
Dera: Sindinayang’ane malire alamulo a dera la chizindikiro. Mndandanda wa m’chigawo wa 2024 umatchula Xiangxiang ngati gawo loyang’anira mwini chizindikiro, osati ngati malire ofotokozedwa.
Ma coordinates a geographical: Malo osungira zachilengedwe a nyanja ya Shuifumiao ali pafupi ndi 27°38′ N ndi 112°02′ E, malinga ndi bungwe loyang’anira nkhalango la Hunan.

2. Mbiri ndi Tanthauzo la Chikhalidwe

Mbiri:
- Nthano. Malinga ndi lipoti la 2025, ku Maotian mpaka pano anthu amanena kuti mfumu ya Ming Zhengde (正德) anapatsa tiyi wa kumeneko dzina lakuti “万山贡茶” — “tiyi wamsonkho wa mapiri zikwi khumi.” Sindinaone chikalata; atolankhani amalemba za “zaka zoposa mazana asanu ndi limodzi” za tiyi wamsonkho, osatchula gwero.
- Zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Malinga ndi zofalitsa za 2023, m’zaka za 1970–1980 Maotian anali dera lalikulu kwambiri la tiyi pakati pa Hunan (湘中).
- Nyanja yosungiramo madzi. Ntchito yomanga nyanja yosungiramo madzi ya Shuifumiao inayamba mu August 1958; madzi anamiza minda ya Maotian ndi midzi yoyandikana nayo — okwana mahekitala 40,431 a minda yolima, malinga ndi bungwe loyang’anira nkhalango. Mwa anthu 37.9 zikwi a Maotian, 11 zikwi ndi osamukira m’dera la nyanja (ziwerengero za 2025).
- 2018 — mlatho. Pa June 16, 2018, gawo loyamba la msewu wa Shaoshui ndi mlatho wa Shuifu linatsegulidwa, ndipo anthu 38 zikwi a Maotian pafupi ndi nyanja sanadalirenso bwato. Malinga ndi mkulu wa kampani ya tiyi ya kumeneko, kugulitsa tiyi wa Maotian chaka chotsatira kunawirikiza kawiri. Kuyambira 2018, tawuniyi ikuyenda ku cholinga cha “mahekitala zikwi khumi a minda — biliyoni imodzi ya yuan ya mafakitale.”
- Chizindikiro. Zofalitsa za 2021 zimatchedwa kale “湘乡水府茶” ngati chizindikiro cha boma cha geographical certification. Chilipo mu mndandanda wa m’chigawo wa zizindikiro 229, komanso mu mndandanda wa 2024 wa zizindikiro 250. Chaka chenicheni cha kalembera sichikupezeka m’magwero omwe tapeza.
- 2020. Ku Maotian kunachitika chikondwerero choyamba cha tiyi ndi zokopa alendo.
- 2025–2027. Tawuniyi inalandira ndondomeko ya zaka zitatu: kukonzanso mahekitala 2,500 a minda yakale ndi kubzala mahekitala 1,000 a minda yatsopano yapamwamba.
Dzina: “Xiangxiang” (湘乡) ndi dzina la mzinda; “shuifu” (水府) ndi “malo okhala madzi,” kutengera nyanja ya Shuifumiao, kwenikweni “kachisi wa malo okhala madzi”; “cha” (茶) ndi tiyi.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe: Maotian analembedwa m’gulu la matauni a boma owonetsa “mudzi umodzi — malonda amodzi” (一村一品); atolankhani amalemba zimenezi ponena za tiyi. Mu 2025, tiyi ankalimidwa m’midzi 14 mwa 18 ya tawuniyi.

3. Kufotokoza za Zomera ndi Zopangira

Mtundu / Cultivar: Magwero omwe tapeza sanatchule mitundu ya zomera m’minda. Lipoti la 2025 limangonena kuti m’minda yakale ya mahekitala 6,700 akufunika kusintha mitundu ndi kukonza ulimi wothirira. Malinga ndi zofalitsa za 2024, mudzi wa Qingxi (清溪村) unakhazikitsa nazale m’munda wakale ndipo ukuchulukitsa mitundu ya Huangjin No. 1 ndi Huangjin No. 8 (黄金1号, 黄金8号).
Minda yakale: M’mudzi wa Wanzhou (万洲村) tawuniyi ikufuna kupanga “munda wa mitengo yakale” (古树茶园); zaka za mitengoyi sizinafotokozedwe.
Mulingo wotola ndi nthawi: Palibe zomwe tapeza m’magwero.

4. Terroir ndi Makhalidwe a Kulima

Dera: Pakati pa Hunan, mtsinje wapakati wa Lianshui (涟水) — mtsinje wophatikizana ndi Xiangjiang. Malo osungira zachilengedwe a Shuifumiao (177.2 km²) ali pamalire a Xiangxiang, Loudi ndi Shuangfeng, pafupifupi 90% ya dera lake lili mkati mwa Xiangxiang.
Nyanja yosungiramo madzi: Malo a pamwamba a madzi ndi 44.3 km², kuchuluka kwake ndi 600 miliyoni m³, mzere wa m’mphepete ndi 431 km, zilumba 34 — malinga ndi bungwe loyang’anira nkhalango la Hunan.
Kutalika: Malo ozungulira nyanja ali pakati pa 78 ndi 484 m, mapiri ambiri a m’mphepete ali 100–150 m. Kutalika kwa minda yomwe sikunatchulidwe m’magwero omwe tapeza.
Nyengo: Subtropical monsoon. Malinga ndi zolemba za siteshoni ya nyengo ya madzi mu 1969–1989 — pafupifupi maola 1,800 a dzuwa pachaka, kutentha kwapakati 16.99 °C, mvula 1,308.48 mm, masiku 282 opanda chisanu. Nyanjayi imachepetsa kuzizira: pano pamakhala kotentha ndi 0.7 °C kuposa mumzinda wa Xiangxiang.
Dothi: Malinga ndi bungwe loyang’anira nkhalango, m’mphepete mwa nyanja ndi makamaka miyala ya limestone, dothi limakhala pa maziko a slate. Atolankhani amatcha dothi la Maotian “labwino,” popanda manambala.
Njira yosamalira munda: M’munda wakale wa mudzi wa Wanzhou pambuyo pa kukolola kwa masika, malinga ndi woyang’anira munda, udzu umaloledwa kukula kuti uteteze mbewu ku dzuwa ndikusunga chinyezi pa nthawi ya kutentha; m’dzinja ndi m’nyengo yozizira umadulidwa ndikuwiridwa ngati feteleza wa organic. M’minda yatsopano ya mudzi wa Dongping pali mautonthola otetezera, ulimi wothirira wothira pang’onopang’ono ndi soya pakati pa mizere.

5. Ukadaulo Wopanga

Ukadaulo sunafotokozedwe m’magwero omwe tapeza. Sindikupereka ndondomeko yofananira pano: m’dera la chizindikiro amapanga tiyi wofiira, wobiriwira, woyera ndi wachikasu; magwero sanatchule kuti ndi uti womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa chizindikiro; njira yopangira iliyonse imasiyana malinga ndi gulu — kuyambira pa fixation (杀青, shāqīng) kwa wobiriwira mpaka kuphika kwathunthu kwa wofiira.

6. Makhalidwe a Organoleptic

Sindinaone chikalata cha zofunika pa maonekedwe. Kufotokozera kokha komwe tapeza kuli mu zofalitsa za pa intaneti za 2024.

Maonekedwe a masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokozera m’magwero omwe tapeza; zofalitsa zimatcha tiyi “wabwino monga mwakhalidwe” (质地纯良), koma zimenezi si kufotokozera maonekedwe.
Fungo la masamba owuma: Palibe kufotokozera m’magwero omwe tapeza.
Fungo la madzi a tiyi: Palibe kufotokozera kosiyana.
Kukoma: “Kwatsopano, konunkhira ndi kosangalatsa, kolimba moyenera” (味道清香可口、茶水浓淡适宜); malinga ndi zofalitsa zomwezo, tiyi amapirira kuphikidwa kambiri ndipo amasiya fungo m’kamwa.
Mtundu wa madzi a tiyi: Palibe kufotokozera m’magwero omwe tapeza.
Masamba ataphikidwa: Palibe kufotokozera m’magwero omwe tapeza.

7. Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala

Palibe zomwe tapeza m’magwero pa za fizikia ndi mankhwala.

8. Kaphikidwe

Njira yophikira imadalira mtundu wa tiyi womwe uli m’manja pansi pa dzinali.

Wobiriwira: 80–85 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, kapu yagalasi kapena gaiwan, kuphika koyamba masekondi 40–60, kuthira madzi kawiri kapena katatu.
Wofiira: 90–95 °C, 3 g pa 150 ml, gaiwan kapena teapot ya porcelain, kuphika koyamba pafupifupi mphindi imodzi, kuthira kangapo ndikuwonjezera nthawi.
Woyera: 85–90 °C, 3–4 g pa 150 ml, gaiwan, kuphika koyamba pafupifupi mphindi imodzi.
Ndondomeko:
1. Konzekerani ziwiya ndi kuyika tiyi.
2. Thirani madzi a kutentha koyenera.
3. Tsanulirani madzi a tiyi m’makapu.
4. Bwerezani kuthira, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yophika, mpaka kukoma kutha.

9. Kusunga

Njira yosungira malinga ndi gulu. Tiyi wobiriwira — m’matumba otsekedwa, mufiriji pa 0–5 °C, popanda kuwala, chinyezi ndi fungo, amwe mkati mwa chaka. Wofiira ndi woyera — pamalo owuma amdima pa kutentha kwa chipinda, m’matumba olimba, kutali ndi fungo.

10. Mtengo ndi Zonamizira

Palibe zomwe tapeza m’magwero pa mtengo. Malinga ndi lipoti la 2024, boma lonse la mzinda limalima pafupifupi mahekitala 40 zikwi a tiyi, mtengo wapachaka wa zokolola ndi 160 miliyoni yuan; Maotian, malinga ndi lipoti la 2025, ndi pafupifupi mahekitala 10 zikwi ndi 20 miliyoni yuan pachaka. Zofalitsa za 2023–2024 zinanena kuti Maotian ndi mahekitala 15 zikwi; kusiyanaku magwero sanafotokoze.

Momwe mungapewere zonamizira:
- Fufuzani chizindikiro cha geographical “湘乡水府茶”.
- Onetsetsani kuti wopanga ndi wochokera ku Xiangxiang, makamaka ku tawuni ya Maotian.
- Funsani wogulitsa gulu la tiyi: dzina la chizindikiro sililitchula.
- Musasokoneze chizindikiro ndi dzina la kampani: ku Maotian kuliponso kampani yotchedwa “水府茶”.

11. Zochititsa Chidwi

Malinga ndi zomwe tapeza mu 2023, ku Maotian kunali mafakitale atatu a tiyi ndi mabungwe asanu ndi awiri ogwirizana; mu 2021 tawuniyi inatulutsa matani 32 a tiyi wa mtundu, mu 2022 — matani 35.
Tiyi wa kampani ya Maotian “香露红” analandira mphotho ya golide pa XXIV Agricultural Expo ya Central China ku Hunan (2024) — malinga ndi chigamulo cha komiti yake.

12. Kufanizira ndi tiyi wina wa ku Hunan

Pingjiang Gaoshan Cha (平江高山茶): Nkhani yofanana kumpoto chakum’mawa kwa chigawo — mtundu wa boma wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha geographical, gulu lake silinatchulidwe ndi magwero.
Nanyue Yunwu Cha (南岳云雾茶): Tiyi wobiriwira wa phiri la Hengshan; nayenso ali m’mndandanda wa m’chigawo wa zizindikiro za geographical, koma dzinali limakhazikika pa gulu limodzi.
Shimen Hongcha (石门红茶): Tiyi wofiira wa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Hunan — chitsanzo cha chizindikiro chomwe dzina lake limatchula gulu mwachindunji.

Pomaliza:

Xiangxiang Shuifu Cha si mtundu wa zomera, koma dzina la magombe: chizindikiro ndi mtundu wa tiyi wochokera m’minda yozungulira nyanja yosungiramo madzi ya Shuifumiao, kumene ku tawuni ya Maotian amapanga tiyi wofiira, wobiriwira, woyera ndi wachikasu. Zolemba za iye zimafotokoza za madzi, nyengo, osamukira ndi minda yakale, koma sizimafotokoza zambiri za tiyi wokha. Kuti mumvetse kukoma, muyenera kufunsa za gulu ndi munda.